电邮地址_电子邮件| 电子邮件| 第4部分

电邮地址

电子邮件或电子邮件–滥用 (Electronic Mail or e-mail – Abuse)

The SMTP protocol has no means to prevent abuse of the mail system, in particular there are no simple and effective tools to control which messages are delivered in box of a user (authorization), and also reported no sender authentication by a message . This includes the possibility of different types of abuse.

SMTP协议没有防止滥用邮件系统的方法，特别是没有简单有效的工具来控制在用户箱中传递哪些消息(授权)，并且没有通过消息报告发件人身份验证。这包括不同类型的滥用的可能性。

The main improper use of email is spam, many users sending massive amounts of spam, usually advertising commercial nature. According to some sources, the impact of these messages would reach two-thirds of overall e-mail.

电子邮件的主要不当使用方式是垃圾邮件，许多用户发送大量垃圾邮件，通常具有广告性质。根据某些消息来源，这些邮件的影响将达到电子邮件总数的三分之二。

Another negative phenomenon is from chain letters, messages that contain alarming information, promises of quick profits or outright hoaxes, and invite you to forward the message to their friends, sometimes finishing move for months or years.

另一个负面现象是来自连锁信件，包含令人震惊的信息的消息，许诺暴利或彻头彻尾的骗局，并邀请您将消息转发给他们的朋友，有时甚至动了几个月或几年。

It is also possible to falsify the name and return address displayed in the client program of the recipient, causing the user to assume a reliable message entirely false. This vulnerability is being used to build real scams or jokes that rely on trust that most people mistakenly puts the “sender” of an email message. Even worms that replicate by mail using this mechanism in order to induce you to try to pay interest or confidence in a message, so that the open and install any infected attachments.

也有可能伪造收件人的客户端程序中显示的名称和返回地址，从而使用户承担一个完全错误的可靠消息。此漏洞被用来构建依赖大多数人错误地将电子邮件的“发件人”放置为信任关系的真实骗局或笑话。甚至是使用此机制通过邮件复制的蠕虫，也可以诱使您尝试对邮件表示兴趣或信任，以便打开并安装所有受感染的附件。

E-mail privacy

电子邮件隐私

For various reasons, email addresses are often available on the Internet:

由于各种原因，Internet上通常可以使用电子邮件地址：

Knows who receives an e-mail addresses of the sender and all recipients “clear” (To: and Cc:). If the mail is forwarded, these addresses are often visible to the recipient in this way.
知道谁收到发件人的电子邮件地址，所有收件人“清除”(收件人：和抄送：)。如果邮件被转发，则收件人通常可以通过这种方式看到这些地址。
Many mailing lists have a public archive accessible via the Web, where you can find the addresses of those who sent a message to the mailing list. A similar phenomenon occurs with Usenet
许多邮件列表都有可通过Web访问的公共存档，您可以在其中找到向邮件列表发送邮件的人员的地址。 Usenet发生类似的现象
Sometimes you publish your e-mail on your home page, or contact for specific purposes.
有时，您在主页上发布电子邮件，或出于特定目的联系。

All these addresses are at risk of being harvested by automated tools to create mailing lists used to send spam.

所有这些地址都有被自动化工具用来创建用于发送垃圾邮件的邮件列表的地址所威胁。

If you protest with the companies who have sent e-mails often see you say that his address had been found on the Internet and this is considered in effect the public domain, and that there was therefore no violation of privacy.

如果您与发送电子邮件的公司进行抗议，通常会看到您说他的地址已在Internet上找到，并且实际上被认为是公共领域，因此不存在侵犯隐私的情况。

主管介入 (Intervention by Supervisor)

The Guarantor of privacy and declares that email should have the same protection of the ordinary. Even if the network allows a wide knowability of e-mail addresses, is considered illegal to use such personal data for purposes other than those for which there are on-line (including the sending of commercial messages, advertising, etc.) It is therefore mandatory to avoid violating the privacy of users, make their consent before using their e-mail for any purpose.

隐私担保人并声明电子邮件应具有与普通邮件相同的保护。即使网络允许广泛了解电子邮件地址，将此类个人数据用于除在线目的之外的其他目的(包括发送商业消息，广告等)也被认为是非法的。为避免侵犯用户隐私而必须执行的操作，在出于任何目的使用电子邮件之前，请先征得他们的同意。

工作场所中的电子邮件隐私 (E-mail privacy in the workplace)

The problem is one part that the employer wants to make available the tools (internet, e-mail, etc.) are used only for strictly business purposes and other legitimate protection of personal data of the employee . The authority ruled that the employer may monitor employees’ e-mail only in rare cases. Have defined the rules for using email at work, it is for the same employer to fix the ways permitted within the company for use of the Internet and e-mail and especially on whether the controls are carried out. So, ultimately the most effective solution is the adoption by the holding of an internal regulation, involving the trade unions.

问题之一是雇主希望提供工具(互联网，电子邮件等)仅用于严格的商业目的以及对雇员的个人数据进行其他合法保护。当局裁定，雇主只有在极少数情况下才能监视雇员的电子邮件。已经定义了在工作中使用电子邮件的规则，这是由同一雇主确定公司内部允许使用Internet和电子邮件的方式，尤其是有关控制措施是否得到执行的方式。因此，最终最有效的解决方案是通过举行涉及工会的内部法规来采用。

Problems also occur when an employee is absent and the employer or a supervisor assumes that the address have been sent messages work where access is necessary for the operation of the company. These situations can be prevented by creating mailboxes associated with particular offices or persons beyond those individuals, and using these boxes for work that can be handled by more people.

当员工缺席并且雇主或主管假定地址已发送给工作在需要公司运营的工作地点时，也会发生问题。通过创建与特定办公室或个人以外的人员相关的邮箱，并将这些邮箱用于可以由更多人处理的工作，可以避免这些情况。

通讯隐私 (Privacy of communications)

Another problematic aspect is the treatment of the contents of a message is received. Generally, each message is to be considered for persons to whom it is addressed, and then forward it would not be legitimate or at least have it read by others. Like any other type of information exchange mail or telephone, however, the protection of privacy is limited to the transfer between the sender and recipient, but is free to use the message as he believes, of course, assuming all the responsibility front of the sender and the law.

另一个有问题的方面是对接收到的消息内容的处理。通常，每条消息都应针对发给该消息的人考虑，然后转发该消息将是不合法的，至少不会被其他人阅读。像任何其他类型的信息交换邮件或电话一样，隐私保护仅限于发送者和接收者之间的转移，但是可以自由使用该消息，因为他认为，当然，要承担发送者的所有责任和法律。

认证电子邮件 (Certified electronic mail)

The Certified E-Mail is an email service that allows you to obtain a guarantee of receiving the message from the recipient and integrity of the received message.

认证电子邮件是一项电子邮件服务，可让您获得从收件人接收消息的保证以及所接收消息的完整性。

In Italy today, for example, to send a certified e-mail in the forms established by law (in particular the Decree 68/2005 and Decree no. 82/2005 Digital Administration Code), shall be treated for all purposes of law to the posting of a recommended paper with receipt. For the purposes of the Act, the message is considered delivered when the recipient is available in your mailbox.

例如，在今天的意大利，以法律规定的格式发送经过认证的电子邮件(尤其是第68/2005号法令和第82/2005号数字管理法令)，出于法律的所有目的，带收据的推荐纸过帐。为了该法案的目的，当您的邮箱中有收件人时，邮件被视为已传递。

The mechanism is that the operator of certified electronic mail, when they assume responsibility for the email sender, it sends a receipt of acceptance, which certifies that it has sent. At a time where instead the operator deposits the message in the box of the recipient, the sender sends a delivery receipt certifying receipt. Both the receipt of acceptance accept that the receipt is in electronic format, and they are digitally signed by the operator.

机制是，经过认证的电子邮件操作员在对电子邮件发件人承担责任时，会发送接受收据，以证明其已发送。相反，在操作员将消息存储在收件人的框中的情况下，发件人发送证明收据的交付收据。接受收据都接受该收据为电子格式，并且由操作员进行数字签名。

If the operator of the certified mail sender is different from the transmission recipient, has an additional step: the operator of the recipient, when receiving mail from the sender’s operator, issue a receipt of funding, in electronic format , which affix its signature. If the electronic mail manager is unable to file the recipient’s mail box, send an acknowledgment of failure to deliver. Managers of certified mail have an obligation not to accept mails containing viruses.

如果认证邮件发件人的操作员不同于发送收件人，则还有一个附加步骤：收件人的操作员在从发件人的操作员接收邮件时，以电子格式签发资金收据，并附上其签名。如果电子邮件管理器无法归档收件人的邮箱，请发送未能送达的确认。认证邮件的管理者有义务不接受包含病毒的邮件。

Managers of certified mail are individuals who must possess a number of requirements established by law (must, for example, possess the same integrity requirements for the business banking, and having a share capital of not less than 1 million ), and can operate only if authorized by CNIPA, the National Centre for IT in Public Administration.

挂号信的管理人是必须具有法律规定的许多要求的个人(例如，必须具有与商业银行相同的完整性要求，并且股本不少于一百万)，并且仅在以下情况下可以运行由国家公共管理IT中心CNIPA授权。

Governments can managers be certified electronic mail, but in this case addresses issued are valid only limited to exchanges of mail between the owner and the Administration to address the issue.

政府可以为管理者提供经过认证的电子邮件，但是在这种情况下，所发布的地址仅在所有者和政府之间为解决该问题而交换邮件时才有效。

Study: From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The text is available under the Creative Commons.

研究：来自维基百科，免费的百科全书。该文本可在“ 知识共享”下找到。