Java爬虫-使用爬虫下载千张美女图片！

目的

爬取搜狗图片上千张美女图片并下载到本地

准备工作

爬取地址：https://pic.sogou.com/pics?query=%E7%BE%8E%E5%A5%B3

分析

打开上面的地址，按F12开发者工具 - NetWork - XHR - 页面往下滑动XHR栏出现请求信息如下：

Request URL ： https://pic.sogou.com/napi/pc/searchList?mode=1&start=48&xml_len=48&query=%E7%BE%8E%E5%A5%B3

分析这段请求URL的主要几个参数：

start=48 表示从第48张图片开始检索

xml_len=48 从地48张往后获取48张图片

query=？搜索关键词（例：美女，这里浏览器自动做了转码，不影响我们使用）

点击Respose，找个JSON格式器辅助过去看看。

JSON格式： https://www.bejson.com/

分析Respose返回的信息，可以发现我们想要的图片地址放在 picUrl里，

思路

通过以上分析，不难实现下载方法，思路如下：

设置URL请求参数
访问URL请求，获取图片地址
图片地址存入List
遍历List，使用线程池下载到本地

代码

SougouImgProcessor.java 爬取图片类

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import us.codecraft.webmagic.utils.HttpClientUtils;
import victor.chang.crawler.pipeline.SougouImgPipeline;import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;/*** A simple PageProcessor.** @author code4crafter@gmail.com <br>* @since 0.1.0*/
public class SougouImgProcessor {private String url;private SougouImgPipeline pipeline;private List<JSONObject> dataList;private List<String> urlList;private String word;public SougouImgProcessor(String url,String word) {this.url = url;this.word = word;this.pipeline = new SougouImgPipeline();this.dataList = new ArrayList<>();this.urlList = new ArrayList<>();}public void process(int idx, int size) {String res = HttpClientUtils.get(String.format(this.url, idx, size, this.word));JSONObject object = JSONObject.parseObject(res);List<JSONObject> items = (List<JSONObject>)((JSONObject)object.get("data")).get("items");for(JSONObject item : items){this.urlList.add(item.getString("picUrl"));}this.dataList.addAll(items);}// 下载public void pipelineData(){
//        pipeline.process(this.urlList, word);   // 单线程pipeline.processSync(this.urlList, this.word);    // 多线程}public static void main(String[] args) {String url = "https://pic.sogou.com/napi/pc/searchList?mode=1&start=%s&xml_len=%s&query=%s";SougouImgProcessor processor = new SougouImgProcessor(url,"美女");int start = 0, size = 50, limit = 1000; // 定义爬取开始索引、每次爬取数量、总共爬取数量for(int i=start;i<start+limit;i+=size)processor.process(i, size);processor.pipelineData();}}

SougouImgPipeline.java   图片下载类


import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLConnection;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Objects;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;/*** Store results in files.<br>** @author code4crafter@gmail.com <br>* @since 0.1.0*/
public class SougouImgPipeline {private String extension = ".jpg";private String path;private volatile AtomicInteger suc;private volatile AtomicInteger fails;public SougouImgPipeline() {setPath("E:/pipeline/sougou");suc = new AtomicInteger();fails = new AtomicInteger();}public SougouImgPipeline(String path) {setPath(path);suc = new AtomicInteger();fails = new AtomicInteger();}public SougouImgPipeline(String path, String extension) {setPath(path);this.extension = extension;suc = new AtomicInteger();fails = new AtomicInteger();}public void setPath(String path) {this.path = path;}/*** 下载** @param url* @param cate* @throws Exception*/private void downloadImg(String url, String cate, String name) throws Exception {String path = this.path + "/" + cate + "/";File dir = new File(path);if (!dir.exists()) {    // 目录不存在则创建目录dir.mkdirs();}String realExt = url.substring(url.lastIndexOf("."));   // 获取扩展名String fileName = name + realExt;fileName = fileName.replace("-", "");String filePath = path + fileName;File img = new File(filePath);if(img.exists()){   // 若文件之前已经下载过，则跳过System.out.println(String.format("文件%s已存在本地目录",fileName));return;}URLConnection con = new URL(url).openConnection();con.setConnectTimeout(5000);con.setReadTimeout(5000);InputStream inputStream = con.getInputStream();byte[] bs = new byte[1024];File file = new File(filePath);FileOutputStream os = new FileOutputStream(file, true);// 开始读取 写入int len;while ((len = inputStream.read(bs)) != -1) {os.write(bs, 0, len);}System.out.println("picUrl: " + url);System.out.println(String.format("正在下载第%s张图片", suc.getAndIncrement()));}/*** 单线程处理** @param data* @param word*/public void process(List<String> data, String word) {long start = System.currentTimeMillis();for (String picUrl : data) {if (picUrl == null)continue;try {downloadImg(picUrl, word, picUrl);} catch (Exception e) {
//               e.printStackTrace();fails.incrementAndGet();}}System.out.println("下载成功: " + suc.get());System.out.println("下载失败: " + fails.get());long end = System.currentTimeMillis();System.out.println("耗时：" + (end - start) / 1000 + "秒");}/*** 多线程处理** @param data* @param word*/public void processSync(List<String> data, String word) {long start = System.currentTimeMillis();int count = 0;ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool(); // 创建缓存线程池for (int i=0;i<data.size();i++) {String picUrl = data.get(i);if (picUrl == null)continue;String name = "";if(i<10){name="000"+i;}else if(i<100){name="00"+i;}else if(i<1000){name="0"+i;}String finalName = name;executorService.execute(() -> {try {downloadImg(picUrl, word, finalName);} catch (Exception e) {
//                    e.printStackTrace();fails.incrementAndGet();}});count++;}executorService.shutdown();try {if (!executorService.awaitTermination(60, TimeUnit.SECONDS)) {// 超时的时候向线程池中所有的线程发出中断(interrupted)。//                executorService.shutdownNow();}System.out.println("AwaitTermination Finished");System.out.println("共有URL: "+data.size());System.out.println("下载成功: " + suc);System.out.println("下载失败: " + fails);File dir = new File(this.path + "/" + word + "/");int len = Objects.requireNonNull(dir.list()).length;System.out.println("当前共有文件： "+len);long end = System.currentTimeMillis();System.out.println("耗时：" + (end - start) / 1000.0 + "秒");} catch (InterruptedException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}/*** 多线程分段处理** @param data* @param word* @param threadNum*/public void processSync2(List<String> data, final String word, int threadNum) {if (data.size() < threadNum) {process(data, word);} else {ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();int num = data.size() / threadNum;    //每段要处理的数量for (int i = 0; i < threadNum; i++) {int start = i * num;int end = (i + 1) * num;if (i == threadNum - 1) {end = data.size();}final List<String> cutList = data.subList(start, end);executorService.execute(() -> process(cutList, word));}executorService.shutdown();}}}

HttpClientUtils.java    http请求工具类

import org.apache.http.Header;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpUriRequest;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.TrustStrategy;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.ssl.SSLContextBuilder;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;import javax.net.ssl.HostnameVerifier;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLSession;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.security.GeneralSecurityException;
import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;/*** @author code4crafter@gmail.com* Date: 17/3/27*/
public abstract class HttpClientUtils {public static Map<String, List<String>> convertHeaders(Header[] headers) {Map<String, List<String>> results = new HashMap<String, List<String>>();for (Header header : headers) {List<String> list = results.get(header.getName());if (list == null) {list = new ArrayList<String>();results.put(header.getName(), list);}list.add(header.getValue());}return results;}/*** http的get请求** @param url*/public static String get(String url) {return get(url, "UTF-8");}public static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HttpClientUtils.class);/*** http的get请求** @param url*/public static String get(String url, String charset) {HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url);return executeRequest(httpGet, charset);}/*** http的get请求，增加异步请求头参数** @param url*/public static String ajaxGet(String url) {return ajaxGet(url, "UTF-8");}/*** http的get请求，增加异步请求头参数** @param url*/public static String ajaxGet(String url, String charset) {HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url);httpGet.setHeader("X-Requested-With", "XMLHttpRequest");return executeRequest(httpGet, charset);}/*** @param url* @return*/public static String ajaxGet(CloseableHttpClient httpclient, String url) {HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url);httpGet.setHeader("X-Requested-With", "XMLHttpRequest");return executeRequest(httpclient, httpGet, "UTF-8");}/*** http的post请求，传递map格式参数*/public static String post(String url, Map<String, String> dataMap) {return post(url, dataMap, "UTF-8");}/*** http的post请求，传递map格式参数*/public static String post(String url, Map<String, String> dataMap, String charset) {HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);try {if (dataMap != null) {List<NameValuePair> nvps = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : dataMap.entrySet()) {nvps.add(new BasicNameValuePair(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()));}UrlEncodedFormEntity formEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(nvps, charset);formEntity.setContentEncoding(charset);httpPost.setEntity(formEntity);}} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {e.printStackTrace();}return executeRequest(httpPost, charset);}/*** http的post请求，增加异步请求头参数，传递map格式参数*/public static String ajaxPost(String url, Map<String, String> dataMap) {return ajaxPost(url, dataMap, "UTF-8");}/*** http的post请求，增加异步请求头参数，传递map格式参数*/public static String ajaxPost(String url, Map<String, String> dataMap, String charset) {HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);httpPost.setHeader("X-Requested-With", "XMLHttpRequest");try {if (dataMap != null) {List<NameValuePair> nvps = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : dataMap.entrySet()) {nvps.add(new BasicNameValuePair(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()));}UrlEncodedFormEntity formEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(nvps, charset);formEntity.setContentEncoding(charset);httpPost.setEntity(formEntity);}} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {e.printStackTrace();}return executeRequest(httpPost, charset);}/*** http的post请求，增加异步请求头参数，传递json格式参数*/public static String ajaxPostJson(String url, String jsonString) {return ajaxPostJson(url, jsonString, "UTF-8");}/*** http的post请求，增加异步请求头参数，传递json格式参数*/public static String ajaxPostJson(String url, String jsonString, String charset) {HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);httpPost.setHeader("X-Requested-With", "XMLHttpRequest");
//		try {StringEntity stringEntity = new StringEntity(jsonString, charset);// 解决中文乱码问题stringEntity.setContentEncoding(charset);stringEntity.setContentType("application/json");httpPost.setEntity(stringEntity);
//		} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
//			e.printStackTrace();
//		}return executeRequest(httpPost, charset);}/*** 执行一个http请求，传递HttpGet或HttpPost参数*/public static String executeRequest(HttpUriRequest httpRequest) {return executeRequest(httpRequest, "UTF-8");}/*** 执行一个http请求，传递HttpGet或HttpPost参数*/public static String executeRequest(HttpUriRequest httpRequest, String charset) {CloseableHttpClient httpclient;if ("https".equals(httpRequest.getURI().getScheme())) {httpclient = createSSLInsecureClient();} else {httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();}String result = "";try {try {CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httpRequest);HttpEntity entity = null;try {entity = response.getEntity();result = EntityUtils.toString(entity, charset);} finally {EntityUtils.consume(entity);response.close();}} finally {httpclient.close();}} catch (IOException ex) {ex.printStackTrace();}return result;}public static String executeRequest(CloseableHttpClient httpclient, HttpUriRequest httpRequest, String charset) {String result = "";try {try {CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httpRequest);HttpEntity entity = null;try {entity = response.getEntity();result = EntityUtils.toString(entity, charset);} finally {EntityUtils.consume(entity);response.close();}} finally {httpclient.close();}} catch (IOException ex) {ex.printStackTrace();}return result;}/*** 创建 SSL连接*/public static CloseableHttpClient createSSLInsecureClient() {try {SSLContext sslContext = new SSLContextBuilder().loadTrustMaterial(new TrustStrategy() {@Overridepublic boolean isTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException {return true;}}).build();SSLConnectionSocketFactory sslsf = new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(sslContext, new HostnameVerifier() {@Overridepublic boolean verify(String hostname, SSLSession session) {return true;}});return HttpClients.custom().setSSLSocketFactory(sslsf).build();} catch (GeneralSecurityException ex) {throw new RuntimeException(ex);}}
}

运行

由于网络等原因，我们发现并不能全部下载成功，不过可以多次运行尝试，可以实现较高的下载成功率。

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