前文

本文将用tkinter模块来写一个图书管理系统，将用户分为管理员和普通用户，用户都有首页，首页展示天气预报并有公告栏。管理员有权限对用户、图书进行添加、修改、删除等操作。普通用户只有搜索图书的功能。本文几乎涉tkinter的所有组件，适合新手练习tkinter，欢迎大家的订阅。

运行环境

编译器:PyCharm 2021.2.1
解释器:Anaconda 3.8
pip install opencv-python==4.5.5.64
温馨提示，最好是在本文所要求环境运行，避免程序可能出现报错。

功能图

数据操作

数据操作是对数据进行操作，如增删改查，用户在界面上的操作实际就是对数据的操作，只不过用户看到的是界面，只需点点就行了，操作更方便，更容易，因为我们都把功能写好了。

图书数据管理

Book类有7个方法，分别为query_book()、add_book()、del_book()、 mod_book()、write_book()、read_book()，first_add_book()。
query_book()为查询图书，我们只需要把书的id、书名或者作者作为搜索条件，将返回列表，如果没有数据则返回空列表。 首先我们先获取所有列表的索引，然后根据字典取值，判断他们是否相等，如果相等则添加到列表中，否则就不添加。
add_book()，添加图书，首先调用query_book()函数，传入id，判断图书是否在书库里，如果存在返回False，不存在返回True，表示可以添加。
del_book()，根据传入的书名，查找图书，找到了就删除，没有则不作为。
mod_book()，修改图书，和add_book()类似，也是先查找，找到图书，根据传入的参数，对图书进行修改。
write_book()，写入文件，将self.books写入文件并保存到本地。
read_book()，读取所有的图书。
first_add_book()，第一次运行没有图书，将自动添加图书并创建文件夹保存，数据格式为json。

import json
import os'''
数据格式
[{
'id':'', 'title':'', 'author':'', 'classify':'', 'inventory':'', 'content':'' }]
'''class Book:def __init__(self):self.first_add_book()self.read_book()# 查询def query_book(self, search):all_book_list = []for i in range(0, len(self.books)):for v in ['id', 'title', 'author']:# 也可用 findif str(search) == self.books[i][v]:print('找到了', self.books[i])all_book_list.append(self.books[i])return all_book_list# 添加def add_book(self, id, title, author, classify, inventory, content):# 是否已经存入if not self.query_book(id):# 可以增加防重复的new_book = {}new_book['id'] = idnew_book['title'] = titlenew_book['author'] = authornew_book['classify'] = classifynew_book['inventory'] = inventorynew_book['content'] = contentself.books.append(new_book)print('添加', new_book)self.write_book()return Trueelse:return False# 删除def del_book(self, book_name):result = self.query_book(book_name)if result:self.books.remove(result[0])print('删除', result)self.write_book()# 修改def mod_book(self, old_id, id, title, author, classify, inventory, content):result = self.query_book(old_id)if result:result[0]['id'] = idresult[0]['title'] = titleresult[0]['author'] = authorresult[0]['classify'] = classifyresult[0]['inventory'] = inventoryresult[0]['content'] = contentself.write_book()return Truereturn Falsedef write_book(self):with open('book_info.json', mode='w', encoding='utf-8') as f:f.write(json.dumps(self.books))def read_book(self):with open(r'book_info.json', mode='r', encoding='utf-8') as r:self.books = json.loads(r.read())print('读取的数据', self.books)return self.booksdef first_add_book(self):self.books = []name = 'book_info.json'if not (name in os.listdir()):print('开始初次写入用户信息')with open(r'book_info.json', mode='w', encoding='utf-8') as f:id_num = ['123', '133', '456', '213']title = ['西游记', '红楼梦', '三国演义', '水浒传']author = ['吴承恩', '曹雪芹', '罗贯中', '施耐庵']classify = ['小说', '小说', '小说', '小说']inventory = ['1', '10', '20', '5']content = ['唐僧、孙悟空、猪八戒、沙僧、白龙马，西天取经，历经九九八十一难， 终于取到真经的故事','《红楼梦》以贾宝玉、林黛玉、薛宝钗之间的恋爱婚姻悲剧为主线，描写了以贾家为代表的四大家族的兴衰，揭示了封建大家庭的各种错综复杂的矛盾','三国演义以描写战争为主，反映了蜀、魏、吴三个政治集团之间的政治和军事斗争。','全书通过描写梁山好汉反抗欺压、水泊梁山壮大和受宋朝招安，以及受招安后为宋朝征战，最终消亡的宏大故事，艺术地反映了中国历史上宋江起义从发生、发展直至失败的全过程，深刻揭示了起义的社会根源，满腔热情地歌颂了起义英雄的反抗斗争和他们的社会理想，也具体揭示了起义失败的内在历史原因。']for i in range(4):data = {}data['id'] = id_num[i]data['title'] = title[i]data['author'] = author[i]data['classify'] = classify[i]data['inventory'] = inventory[i]data['content'] = content[i]self.books.append(data)f.write(json.dumps(self.books, ensure_ascii=False))print('初次写入完毕', self.books)if __name__ == '__main__':book = Book()# book.query_book('123')# book.query_book('西游记')# book.query_book('水浒传')# book.del_book('西游记')a = {'id': '123', 'title': '西游记', 'author': '吴承恩', 'classify': '小说', 'inventory': '1','content': '唐僧、孙悟空、猪八戒、沙僧、白龙马，西天取经，历经九九八十一难， 终于取到真经的故事'}## book.add_book(*a)book.mod_book('133', *a)

用户数据管理

用户数据管理和图书数据管理类似，这里就不作过多的讲解。看代码。

import json
import os'''
[{user:'', password:'', state:''},{},][[], []] 学生用户 管理员用户
全部默认字符串
{'user':[{}], 'admin':[{}]}
1 普通用户
2 管理员用户名唯一
'''#  用户信息用字典来操作 包括增删改查功能的实现class UserOperation:def __init__(self, flag):self.flag = flagself.user_first_add()self.read_user()def user_add(self, user, password, state=0):# 首先判断有没有重复的result = self.user_query(user)if not result:if self.flag == 1:self.user_info['stu'].append({'user': str(user), 'password': str(password), 'state': str(state)})self.write_user()return Trueif self.flag == 2:self.user_info['admin'].append({'user': str(user), 'password': str(password)})self.write_user()return Trueelse:print('已经有了')def user_modify(self, user, old_password, new_password, state=0):result = self.user_query(user)if result:if result['password'] == old_password:if self.flag == 1:for i in self.user_info['stu']:if result['user'] == i['user']:i['user'] = useri['password'] = new_passwordi['state'] = str(state)self.write_user()return Trueif self.flag == 2:for i in self.user_info['admin']:if result['user'] == i['user']:i['user'] = useri['password'] = new_passwordself.write_user()return Truedef user_del(self, user):result = self.user_query(user)if result:for i in self.user_info['stu']:if result['user'] == i['user']:self.user_info['stu'].remove(i)print('删除成功')self.write_user()return Truedef user_query(self, user):if self.flag == 1:for i in self.user_info['stu']:if user == i['user']:print('查找成功！')return ielse:return Noneif self.flag == 2:for i in self.user_info['admin']:if user == i['user']:print('查找成功！')return ielse:return None# 读取所有数据def read_user(self):with open(r'user.json', mode='r', encoding='utf-8') as r:self.user_info = json.loads(r.read())print('读取的数据', self.user_info)# 用于写入数据def write_user(self):with open(r'user.json', mode='w', encoding='utf-8') as w:w.write(json.dumps(self.user_info))print('写入的数据', self.user_info)def user_first_add(self):name = 'user.json'if not (name in os.listdir()):print('开始初次写入用户信息')with open(r'user.json', mode='w', encoding='utf-8') as f:data = {}data['stu'] = []data['stu'].extend([{'user': '123456', 'password': '123456', 'state': '0'},{'user': '123', 'password': '123', 'state': '0'}])data['admin'] = []data['admin'].append({'user': 'admin', 'password': 'admin'})f.write(json.dumps(data))print('初次写入完毕', data)if __name__ == '__main__':user_active = UserOperation(1)print(user_active.user_query('123'))# user_active.user_del('admin')# user_active.user_add('1234', '1234')# user_active.user_modify('123', '12345', '0')

借书记录管理

Record类主要函数是estimate_upper_limit()，用于判断用户的借书数量，当借书数量大于或者等于2时，就返回True，不允许用户再借书了。其余方法与上文相似，看代码。

import os
import jsondef first_run():name = 'record.json'if not (name in os.listdir()):print('开始初次写入用户信息')with open(r'record.json', mode='w', encoding='utf-8') as f:f.write(json.dumps([]))class Record:def __init__(self):first_run()self.read_record()def read_record(self):with open(r'record.json', mode='r', encoding='utf-8') as f:self.record_books = json.loads(f.read())def write_record(self):with open(r'record.json', mode='w', encoding='utf-8') as f:f.write(json.dumps(self.record_books))print('写入记录成功', self.record_books)# 借书上限为2def estimate_upper_limit(self, user):borrow_books = []for book in self.record_books:if book['user'] == user:if int(book['book_num']) > 1:return Trueelse:borrow_books.append(book)if len(borrow_books) >= 2:return Truereturn False# 还书def drop_book(self, book_id, user):all_books = []for book in self.record_books:if book['id'] == book_id and book['user'] == user:all_books.append(book)if all_books:return all_booksreturn False# 查询用户def query_user(self, user):dance = []for o in self.record_books:if o['user'] == user:dance.append(o)print(dance)return danceif __name__ == '__main__':record = Record()record.write_record()

功能界面

登录界面核心功能check_login()函数用于检查登录是否成功，检查是否存在此用户，密码错误超过了三次账号就会被封禁，需要联系管理员解封。管理员登录则宽松许多，可以一直登录，直到登录成功。

import tkinter
import tkinter.messagebox
from tkinter_book.operation_data.user_operation import UserOperation
import tkinter.ttk
from tkinter_book.other_fun.gui_loading import Loading
from tkinter_book.other_fun.center_gui import gui_centerclass Login(tkinter.Tk):def __init__(self):super(Login, self).__init__()self.title('登录')self.resizable()  # 不允许更改窗口# style = tkinter.ttk.Style()# print(style.theme_names())# style.theme_use('xpnative')gui_center(self, 500, 420)self.all_info = UserOperation(1)self.all_info_2 = UserOperation(2)self.num = 0self.flag = Falseself.shou_wel()self.gui_login()self.mainloop()def shou_wel(self):font_frame = tkinter.Frame(self, width=400, height=50)book_manage = tkinter.Label(font_frame, text='欢迎登录图书管理系统', font=("Arial", 24), foreground='red')book_manage.place(relx=0.05, rely=0.05)font_frame.place(relx=0.15, rely=0.05)def gui_login(self):user_frame = tkinter.Frame(self, width=400, height=300)self.v_user = tkinter.StringVar()self.v_password = tkinter.StringVar()self.vali = tkinter.IntVar()self.vali.set(1)self.text_user = tkinter.Label(user_frame, text='用户名', font=("Arial", 19))self.entry_user = tkinter.Entry(user_frame, width=15, textvariable=self.v_user, font=("Arial", 19))self.text_password = tkinter.Label(user_frame, text='密   码', font=("Arial", 19))self.entry_password = tkinter.Entry(user_frame, width=15, textvariable=self.v_password, font=("Arial", 19),show='*')self.button_login = tkinter.Button(user_frame, text='登录', fg='red', font=("Arial", 20),command=self.check_login)self.radio1 = tkinter.Radiobutton(user_frame, variable=self.vali, value=1, text='学生登录', font=("Arial", 9))self.radio2 = tkinter.Radiobutton(user_frame, variable=self.vali, value=2, text='管理员登录', font=("Arial", 9))self.text_user.place(relx=0.1, rely=0.1)self.entry_user.place(relx=0.32, rely=0.1)self.text_password.place(relx=0.1, rely=0.25)self.entry_password.place(relx=0.32, rely=0.25)self.button_login.place(relx=0.4, rely=0.42)self.radio1.place(relx=0.3, rely=0.65)self.radio2.place(relx=0.3, rely=0.75)user_frame.place(relx=0.1, rely=0.2)self.show_text = tkinter.Label(self, text='C站关注天天501', font=('Arial', 9))self.show_text.place(relx=0.8, rely=0.95)def check_login(self):# print(self.vali.get())# 学生登录if int(self.vali.get()) == 1:e_get_u = self.entry_user.get()e_get_p = self.entry_password.get()result = self.all_info.user_query(e_get_u)#  print(result)if not result:tkinter.messagebox.showerror('错误提醒', '此账号不存在！')returnif result['state'] != '0':tkinter.messagebox.showerror('提醒', '此账号已经封禁，请联系管理员')returnif e_get_u == result['user'] and e_get_p == result['password']:self.destroy()Loading()# print('登录成功!')self.flag = Trueelif e_get_u == result['user'] and e_get_p != result['password']:self.num += 1if self.num >= 3:print('错误提醒', '账号锁定，请联系管理员！')self.num = 0result['state'] = '1'self.all_info.write_user()tkinter.messagebox.showerror('错误提醒', '此账号已经封禁，请联系管理员')returntkinter.messagebox.showerror('错误提醒', f'密码错误,你还有{str(3 - self.num)}机会')else:tkinter.messagebox.showerror('错误提醒', '账号或密码错误！')# 学生登录if int(self.vali.get()) == 2:e_get_u = self.entry_user.get()e_get_p = self.entry_password.get()result = self.all_info_2.user_query(e_get_u)print(result)if not result:tkinter.messagebox.showerror('错误提醒', '此账号不存在！')returnif e_get_u == result['user'] and e_get_p == result['password']:self.destroy()Loading()print('登录成功!')self.flag = Truereturn 2elif e_get_u == result['user'] and e_get_p != result['password']:tkinter.messagebox.showerror('错误提醒', '密码错误')else:tkinter.messagebox.showerror('错误提醒', '账号或密码错误！')if __name__ == '__main__':Login()

管理员界面

首页

首页的天气预报需要爬取数据，我们选择爬2345的，分为两部分，第一部分，将天气图片爬下来，用类名存储图片。第二部分爬取城市天气数据用列表存储，且支持搜索城市天气。这爬虫比较简单，而且网站也没有什么反爬，正常流程走就行了。下面展示部分代码。

# https://tianqi.2345.com/ 爬天气预报
import os
import urllib.parse
import requests
import parsel
from tkinter_book.background_url import update_pictdef search_city(name='北京'):# 定义字典data = {'city': '', 'teacher': []}# 获取所有目录 图片缩放all_img_file = update_pict()# 转化为url编码name_ = urllib.parse.quote(name)url_1 = f'https://tianqi.2345.com/tpc/searchCity.php?q={name_}&pType=pc'headers = {'Referer': 'https://tianqi.2345.com/','User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/114.0.0.0 Safari/537.36'}# 搜索 没有搜索到会返回空值search = requests.get(url=url_1, headers=headers)response_city = search.json()['res']if response_city:url = 'https://tianqi.2345.com' + response_city[0]['href']response = requests.get(url=url, headers=headers)html_data = parsel.Selector(response.text)city = html_data.css('.banner-city-change span::text').get()tea_all = html_data.css('#J_bannerList .banner-right-con-list-item')data['city'] = cityfor i in tea_all:week = i.css('.banner-right-con-list-time::text').get().strip()date = i.css('.date::text').get().strip()img = i.css('.banner-right-con-list-icon::attr(class)').get().strip().split(' ')[-1] + '.png'# 给图片设置路径if img in all_img_file:img = 'imgs//' + imgelse:img = 'imgs//' + 'wea-rc.png'  wea = i.css('.banner-right-con-list-status::text').get().strip()tem = i.css('.banner-right-con-list-temp::text').get().strip()data['teacher'].append([week, date, img, wea, tem])return dataelse:print('搜索无效')data['city'] = 'None'for i in range(8):data['teacher'].append(['None', 'None', 'None', 'None', 'None'])return dataif __name__ == '__main__':print(search_city())

既然数据已经爬取完了，那接下来就是将数据展现出来，这里用到了grid布局，类似于表格，方便咱们排列。下面看代码。

import tkinter.ttk
import tkinter
from tkinter_book.get_weather import search_city
from tkinter_book.other_fun.tip_entry import NewEntry
from tkinter_book.other_fun.announcement_data import announcement_write, announcement_read, first_write
import tkinter.messageboxclass HomePage:def __init__(self, flag):self.weather_lists = []self.flag = flagself.get_city_weather()self.gui_home()self.update_weather()self.set_text()def gui_home(self):self.home_frame = tkinter.Frame()# 选项卡容器self.home_frame.pack()self.search_frame = tkinter.Frame(self.home_frame)self.weather_frame = tkinter.Frame(self.home_frame)self.search_frame.pack()self.weather_frame.pack()# 公告栏self.notice_label = tkinter.LabelFrame(self.home_frame, text='公告栏', width=700, height=200)# 不随子件变化self.notice_label.pack_propagate(0)self.notice_label.pack(pady=30)def update_weather(self):self.weather_lists.clear() # 清空列表self.entry = NewEntry(self.search_frame, '请输入搜索城市')button = tkinter.Button(self.search_frame, text='搜索', command=self.search_button)show_city = tkinter.Label(self.search_frame, text=self.data['city'], font=('宋体', 24))show_city.pack(side='left', padx=10, pady=10)self.entry.pack(side='left', padx=10, pady=10)button.pack(side='left', padx=5, pady=10)# 列不变for column in range(1, 6):# 获取每一行的值for row in range(1, 9):if column != 3:tkinter.Label(self.weather_frame, text=self.data['teacher'][row - 1][column - 1]).grid(row=column,column=row - 1,padx=15,pady=9)else:try:self.weather_lists.append(tkinter.PhotoImage(file=self.data['teacher'][row - 1][column - 1]))tkinter.Label(self.weather_frame, image=self.weather_lists[row - 1]).grid(row=column,column=row - 1,padx=15,pady=9)except:tkinter.Label(self.weather_frame, text='无图').grid(row=column,column=row - 1,padx=15,pady=9)def get_city_weather(self, city='北京'):try:self.data = search_city(city)except:self.data = {'city': 'None', 'teacher': []}for i in range(8):self.data['teacher'].append(['None', 'None', 'None', 'None', 'None'])def search_button(self):v = self.entry.get_input_box()self.get_city_weather(v)print(self.data)# 删除搜索里的组件for item in self.search_frame.winfo_children():item.destroy()# 天气里的组件for item in self.weather_frame.winfo_children():item.destroy()self.update_weather()# 还要加按钮 设置文本def set_text(self):if self.flag == 1:first_write()self.text = tkinter.Text(self.notice_label)self.text.insert(tkinter.INSERT, announcement_read())self.text.configure(state='disabled')self.text.pack(fill=tkinter.BOTH, expand='true')if self.flag == 2:first_write()self.text = tkinter.Text(self.notice_label)self.text.insert(tkinter.INSERT, announcement_read())self.text.pack(fill=tkinter.BOTH, expand='true')# 提交按钮text_submit = tkinter.Button(self.home_frame, text='提交', width=6, command=self.button_text)# self.text.window_create('1.9', window=text_submit)text_submit.pack()def button_text(self):r = self.text.get('1.0', tkinter.END)announcement_write(txt=r)tkinter.messagebox.showinfo('提醒', '保存成功!', parent=self.home_frame)if __name__ == '__main__':root = tkinter.Tk()style = tkinter.ttk.Style()note = tkinter.ttk.Notebook(root)home = HomePage(1)style.configure('TNotebook.Tab', font=("微软雅黑", 20, 'bold'), foreground='red')root.geometry('800x600+450+150')note.add(home.home_frame, text='首页')note.pack(fill='both', expand='true')root.mainloop()

图书管理

我们将图书管理分为两部分，左边为为功能区，右边为图书显示区。左边为添加、修改、借书、还书、删除。功能已经写好了，我们只需要把界面写出来就行了，右边也是一样的。

import tkinter
from tkinter_book.other_fun.tip_entry import NewEntry
import tkinter.ttk
import tkinter.messagebox
from tkinter_book.other_fun.center_gui import gui_center
from tkinter_book.operation_data.user_operation import UserOperation
from tkinter_book.operation_data.record_book import Record
from tkinter_book.operation_data.book_operation import Book
from tkinter_book.other_fun.write_time import ComputingTime'''对图书进行增删改查、图书的借还
添加   搜索
删除  show
修改
借书
还书
'''class Admin:def __init__(self):self.book = Book()self.show_book()# 展示界面def show_book(self):self.main_show_frame = tkinter.Frame()about_frame = tkinter.LabelFrame(self.main_show_frame, width=160, height=500, text='功能区')show_book_frame = tkinter.Frame(self.main_show_frame, width=800, height=700)self.tree = tkinter.ttk.Treeview(show_book_frame, columns=('id', 'title', 'author', "classify", "inventory"),show='headings', height=20, selectmode='browse')self.tree.heading('id', text='id', anchor='center')self.tree.heading('title', text='书名', anchor='center')self.tree.heading('author', text='作者', anchor='center')self.tree.heading('classify', text='分类', anchor='center')self.tree.heading('inventory', text='库存', anchor='center')self.tree.column('id', anchor='center', width=80)self.tree.column('title', anchor='center', width=160)self.tree.column('author', anchor='center', width=120)self.tree.column('classify', anchor='center', width=90)self.tree.column('inventory', anchor='center', width=80)for i in self.book.read_book():self.tree.insert('', tkinter.END, values=(i['id'], i['title'], i['author'], i['classify'], i['inventory']))# 搜索框+按钮self.search_entry = NewEntry(show_book_frame, '请输入id或者作者')self.search_button = tkinter.Button(show_book_frame, text='搜索', command=self.search_v)self.update_button = tkinter.Button(show_book_frame, text='刷新', command=self.update_books)self.search_entry.place(relx=0.3, rely=0.05)self.search_button.place(relx=0.5, rely=0.04)self.update_button.place(relx=0.55, rely=0.04)self.tree.place(relx=0.05, rely=0.1)show_book_frame.place(relx=0.25, rely=0.01)# 按钮样式button_style = tkinter.ttk.Style()button_style.configure('TButton', font=("微软雅黑", 18, 'bold'), foreground='grey', width=8)# 添加add_button = tkinter.ttk.Button(about_frame, text='添加', style='TButton', command=lambda: self.show_toplevel(1))add_button.pack(pady=20)# 修改mod_button = tkinter.ttk.Button(about_frame, text='修改', style='TButton', command=lambda: self.show_toplevel(2))mod_button.pack(pady=20)# 借书lend_button = tkinter.ttk.Button(about_frame, text='借书', style='TButton',command=lambda: self.borrow_toplevel())lend_button.pack(pady=20)# 还书even_button = tkinter.ttk.Button(about_frame, text='还书', style='TButton',command=lambda: self.drop_toplevel())even_button.pack(pady=20)# 删除del_button = tkinter.ttk.Button(about_frame, text='删除', style='TButton', command=self.del_books)del_button.pack(pady=20)about_frame.pack_propagate(0)about_frame.place(relx=0.03, rely=0.01)# 双击事件 绑定事件要参数self.tree.bind("<Double-1>", self.click_double)def click_double(self, event):itm = self.tree.set(self.tree.focus())query_result = self.book.query_book(itm['id'])# print(query_result)self.toplevel_content(query_result[0]['content'])# 双击事件 双击图书显示书中介绍def toplevel_content(self, content):toplevel = tkinter.Toplevel()gui_center(toplevel, width=500, height=400)text = tkinter.Text(toplevel)text.insert(tkinter.INSERT, content)text.configure(state=tkinter.DISABLED)text.pack(fill='both', expand='True')# 搜索图书def search_v(self):query = self.book.query_book(self.search_entry.get_input_box())if query:for i in self.tree.get_children():self.tree.delete(i)for i in query:self.tree.insert('', tkinter.END,values=(i['id'], i['title'], i['author'], i['classify'], i['inventory']))else:tkinter.messagebox.showerror('提醒', '无查询结果!')# 删除图书def del_books(self):return_v = self.tree.set(self.tree.focus())self.book.del_book(return_v['id'])self.update_books()# 更新图书def update_books(self):all_book = self.book.read_book()for i in self.tree.get_children():self.tree.delete(i)for i in all_book:self.tree.insert('', tkinter.END,values=(i['id'], i['title'], i['author'], i['classify'], i['inventory']))def show_toplevel(self, flag):''':param flag: 1 添加  2 修改:return:'''self.toplevel = tkinter.Toplevel()gui_center(self.toplevel, width=600, height=500)id_label = tkinter.Label(self.toplevel, text='id', fg='red', font=("微软雅黑", 15, 'bold'))self.id_entry = tkinter.Entry(self.toplevel)id_label.pack()self.id_entry.pack()title_label = tkinter.Label(self.toplevel, text='书名', fg='red', font=("微软雅黑", 15, 'bold'))self.title_entry = tkinter.Entry(self.toplevel)title_label.pack(pady=4)self.title_entry.pack()author_label = tkinter.Label(self.toplevel, text='作者', fg='red', font=("微软雅黑", 15, 'bold'))self.author_entry = tkinter.Entry(self.toplevel)author_label.pack(pady=4)self.author_entry.pack()classify_label = tkinter.Label(self.toplevel, text='分类', fg='red', font=("微软雅黑", 15, 'bold'))self.classify_entry = tkinter.Entry(self.toplevel)classify_label.pack(pady=4)self.classify_entry.pack()inventory_label = tkinter.Label(self.toplevel, text='库存', fg='red', font=("微软雅黑", 15, 'bold'))self.inventory_entry = tkinter.Entry(self.toplevel)inventory_label.pack(pady=4)self.inventory_entry.pack()self.submit = tkinter.Button(self.toplevel, text='提交', fg='red', font=("微软雅黑", 15, 'bold'),)self.submit.pack(side='left')self.content_text = tkinter.Text(self.toplevel)self.content_text.pack(pady=4)# 添加if flag == 1:self.submit.configure(command=self.toplevel_submit)# 修改if flag == 2:itm = self.tree.set(self.tree.focus())if itm:self.id_entry.insert(0, itm['id'])self.title_entry.insert(0, itm['title'])self.author_entry.insert(0, itm['author'])self.classify_entry.insert(0, itm['classify'])self.inventory_entry.insert(0, itm['inventory'])content = self.book.query_book(itm['id'])self.content_text.insert('0.1', content[0]['content'])self.submit.configure(text='修改',command=lambda: self.modify_button(itm['id'], self.id_entry.get(), self.title_entry.get(),self.author_entry.get(),self.classify_entry.get(),self.inventory_entry.get(),self.content_text.get('1.0', tkinter.END)))else:self.toplevel.destroy()tkinter.messagebox.showerror('提醒', '请选择修改对象')# 修改图书def modify_button(self, old_id, id, title, author, classify, inventory, content):if self.book.mod_book(old_id, id, title, author, classify, inventory, content):tkinter.messagebox.showinfo('提醒', '修改成功', parent=self.toplevel)else:tkinter.messagebox.showerror('提醒', 'id重复', parent=self.toplevel)# 添加图书def toplevel_submit(self):get_id = self.id_entry.get()get_title = self.title_entry.get()get_author = self.author_entry.get()get_classify = self.classify_entry.get()get_inventory = self.inventory_entry.get()get_text = self.content_text.get('1.0', tkinter.END)# print(get_id, get_title, get_author, get_classify, get_inventory, get_text)tip = self.book.add_book(get_id, get_title, get_author, get_classify, get_inventory, get_text)if tip:tkinter.messagebox.showinfo('提醒', '添加成功', parent=self.toplevel)else:tkinter.messagebox.showinfo('提醒', '书库中已存在此书', parent=self.toplevel)# 借书窗口def borrow_toplevel(self):self.borrow_gui = tkinter.Toplevel()gui_center(self.borrow_gui, width=600, height=500)self.book_id_borrow_label = tkinter.Label(self.borrow_gui, text='id', font=("微软雅黑", 15, 'bold'))self.book_id_borrow_entry = tkinter.Entry(self.borrow_gui)self.book_id_borrow_label.place(relx=0.35, rely=0.1)self.book_id_borrow_entry.place(relx=0.4, rely=0.11)# 用户名self.user_borrow_label = tkinter.Label(self.borrow_gui, text='用户名', font=("微软雅黑", 15, 'bold'))self.user_borrow_entry = tkinter.Entry(self.borrow_gui)self.user_borrow_label.place(relx=0.28, rely=0.22)self.user_borrow_entry.place(relx=0.4, rely=0.23)# 数量 默认 1 最多2本self.num_v = tkinter.StringVar()self.num_borrow_option = tkinter.ttk.OptionMenu(self.borrow_gui, self.num_v, '1')self.num_borrow_label = tkinter.Label(self.borrow_gui, text='数量', font=("微软雅黑", 15, 'bold'))self.num_borrow_book = tkinter.Label(self.borrow_gui, text='本', font=("微软雅黑", 15, 'bold'))self.num_borrow_label.place(relx=0.29, rely=0.33)self.num_borrow_option.place(relx=0.4, rely=0.34)self.num_borrow_book.place(relx=0.48, rely=0.33)# 时间 默认30天 最多2个月self.time_v = tkinter.StringVar()self.time_borrow_option = tkinter.ttk.OptionMenu(self.borrow_gui, self.time_v, '15', '30')self.time_borrow_label = tkinter.Label(self.borrow_gui, text='期限', font=("微软雅黑", 15, 'bold'))self.time_borrow_day = tkinter.Label(self.borrow_gui, text='天', font=("微软雅黑", 15, 'bold'))self.time_borrow_label.place(relx=0.29, rely=0.43)self.time_borrow_option.place(relx=0.4, rely=0.44)self.time_borrow_day.place(relx=0.48, rely=0.43)# 确认借书self.s_borrow_button = tkinter.Button(self.borrow_gui, text='提交', font=("微软雅黑", 18, 'bold'),command=self.borrow_about)self.s_borrow_button.place(relx=0.4, rely=0.53)# 借书def borrow_about(self):op_user = UserOperation(1)op_record = Record()op_book = Book()v_id = self.book_id_borrow_entry.get()v_user = self.user_borrow_entry.get()t = ComputingTime()# 打印输入结果print(v_id, v_user, self.num_v.get(), self.time_v.get())name = op_book.query_book(v_id)# 首先查询图书if name:# 查借书用户if op_user.user_query(v_user):# 判断图书是否借完if int(name[0]['inventory']) <= 0:tkinter.messagebox.showerror('提醒', '图书已借完', parent=self.borrow_gui)return None# 判断用户是否还能借书if op_record.estimate_upper_limit(v_user):tkinter.messagebox.showerror('提醒', '用户借书已达到上限', parent=self.borrow_gui)return None# 对图书数量修改num = int(name[0]['inventory']) - int(self.num_v.get())op_book.mod_book(v_id, name[0]['id'], name[0]['title'], name[0]['author'], name[0]['classify'],str(num),name[0]['content'])# 添加到记录中op_record.record_books.append({'id': v_id, 'user': v_user, 'name': name[0]['title'], 'book_num': self.num_v.get(),'borrow_time': t.current_time(),'drop_time': t.return_book_time(int(self.time_v.get()))})op_record.write_record()tkinter.messagebox.showinfo('提醒', '借书成功!', parent=self.borrow_gui)else:tkinter.messagebox.showerror('提醒', '无此用户', parent=self.borrow_gui)else:tkinter.messagebox.showerror('提醒', '无此书', parent=self.borrow_gui)# 还书窗口def drop_toplevel(self):self.drop_gui = tkinter.Toplevel()gui_center(self.drop_gui, width=300, height=200)self.book_id_drop_label = tkinter.Label(self.drop_gui, text='id', font=("微软雅黑", 15, 'bold'))self.book_id_drop_entry = tkinter.Entry(self.drop_gui)self.book_id_drop_label.place(relx=0.2, rely=0.1)self.book_id_drop_entry.place(relx=0.3, rely=0.11)# 用户名self.user_drop_label = tkinter.Label(self.drop_gui, text='用户名', font=("微软雅黑", 15, 'bold'))self.user_drop_entry = tkinter.Entry(self.drop_gui)self.user_drop_label.place(relx=0.09, rely=0.25)self.user_drop_entry.place(relx=0.3, rely=0.26)self.s_drop_button = tkinter.Button(self.drop_gui, text='提交', font=("微软雅黑", 18, 'bold'),command=self.drop_about)self.s_drop_button.place(relx=0.4, rely=0.4)# 还书功能def drop_about(self):op_user = UserOperation(1)op_record = Record()op_book = Book()v_id = self.book_id_drop_entry.get()v_user = self.user_drop_entry.get()name = op_book.query_book(v_id)# 查图书if name:if op_user.user_query(v_user):all_drop_book = op_record.drop_book(v_id, v_user)if not all_drop_book:tkinter.messagebox.showerror('提醒', '该用户无需还书', parent=self.drop_gui)returnfor b in all_drop_book:# 对图书数量修改num = int(name[0]['inventory']) + int(b['book_num'])op_book.mod_book(b['id'], b['id'], name[0]['title'], name[0]['author'], name[0]['classify'],str(num),name[0]['content'])op_record.record_books.remove(b)op_record.write_record()tkinter.messagebox.showerror('提携', '还书成功', parent=self.drop_gui)else:tkinter.messagebox.showerror('提醒', '无此用户', parent=self.drop_gui)else:tkinter.messagebox.showerror('提醒', '无此图书', parent=self.drop_gui)if __name__ == '__main__':root = tkinter.Tk()style = tkinter.ttk.Style()note = tkinter.ttk.Notebook(root)main = Admin()style.configure('TNotebook.Tab', font=("微软雅黑", 20, 'bold'), foreground='red')root.geometry('800x600+450+150')note.add(main.main_show_frame, text='图书管理')note.pack(fill='both', expand='true')root.mainloop()

用户管理

用户管理相当于把图书换成了用户，其他都差不多。直接看代码。

import tkinter
from tkinter_book.other_fun.tip_entry import NewEntry
import tkinter.ttk
import tkinter.messagebox
from tkinter_book.other_fun.center_gui import gui_center
from tkinter_book.operation_data.user_operation import UserOperation'''对用户管理 添加 修改 删除
'''class ManagingUsers:def __init__(self):self.all_user = UserOperation(1)self.show_user()def show_user(self):self.main_show_frame = tkinter.Frame()about_frame = tkinter.LabelFrame(self.main_show_frame, width=160, height=500, text='功能区')show_book_frame = tkinter.Frame(self.main_show_frame, width=700, height=700)self.tree = tkinter.ttk.Treeview(show_book_frame, columns=('user', 'password', 'state'),show='headings', height=20, selectmode='browse')self.tree.heading('user', text='用户名', anchor='center')self.tree.heading('password', text='密码', anchor='center')self.tree.heading('state', text='状态', anchor='center')self.tree.column('user', anchor='center', width=80)self.tree.column('password', anchor='center', width=160)self.tree.column('state', anchor='center', width=120)for i in self.all_user.user_info['stu']:self.tree.insert('', tkinter.END, values=(i['user'], i['password'], i['state']))# 搜索框+按钮self.search_entry = NewEntry(show_book_frame, '请输入用户名')self.search_button = tkinter.Button(show_book_frame, text='搜索', command=self.search_v)self.update_button = tkinter.Button(show_book_frame, text='刷新', command=self.update_user)self.search_entry.place(relx=0.3, rely=0.05)self.search_button.place(relx=0.5, rely=0.04)self.update_button.place(relx=0.55, rely=0.04)self.tree.place(relx=0.15, rely=0.1)show_book_frame.place(relx=0.25, rely=0.01)# 按钮样式button_style = tkinter.ttk.Style()button_style.configure('TButton', font=("微软雅黑", 18, 'bold'), foreground='grey', width=8)# 添加add_button = tkinter.ttk.Button(about_frame, text='添加', style='TButton', command=lambda: self.show_toplevel(1))add_button.pack(pady=20)# 修改mod_button = tkinter.ttk.Button(about_frame, text='修改', style='TButton', command=lambda: self.show_toplevel(2))mod_button.pack(pady=20)# 删除del_button = tkinter.ttk.Button(about_frame, text='删除', style='TButton', command=self.del_user)del_button.pack(pady=20)about_frame.pack_propagate(0)about_frame.place(relx=0.03, rely=0.01)def search_v(self):query = self.all_user.user_query(self.search_entry.get_input_box())if query:for i in self.tree.get_children():self.tree.delete(i)self.tree.insert('', tkinter.END,values=(query['user'], query['password'], query['state']))else:tkinter.messagebox.showerror('提携', '无查询结果!')# 删除图书def del_user(self):return_v = self.tree.set(self.tree.focus())try:del_result = self.all_user.user_del(return_v['user'])if del_result:tkinter.messagebox.showinfo('提醒', '删除成功')except:tkinter.messagebox.showerror('提醒', '请选中删除目标')self.update_user()# 更新用户def update_user(self):all_user = self.all_user.user_info['stu']for i in self.tree.get_children():self.tree.delete(i)for i in all_user:self.tree.insert('', tkinter.END,values=(i['user'], i['password'], i['state']))def show_toplevel(self, flag):''':param flag: 1 添加  2 修改:return:'''self.toplevel = tkinter.Toplevel()gui_center(self.toplevel, width=450, height=400)user_label = tkinter.Label(self.toplevel, text='用户名', fg='red', font=("微软雅黑", 15, 'bold'))self.user_entry = tkinter.Entry(self.toplevel)user_label.pack(pady=20)self.user_entry.pack()password_label = tkinter.Label(self.toplevel, text='密码', fg='red', font=("微软雅黑", 15, 'bold'))self.password_entry = tkinter.Entry(self.toplevel)password_label.pack(pady=4)self.password_entry.pack()state_label = tkinter.Label(self.toplevel, text='状态', fg='red', font=("微软雅黑", 15, 'bold'))self.state_entry = tkinter.Entry(self.toplevel)state_label.pack(pady=4)self.state_entry.pack()self.submit = tkinter.Button(self.toplevel, text='提交', fg='red', font=("微软雅黑", 15, 'bold'),)self.submit.pack(pady=15)# 添加if flag == 1:self.submit.configure(command=self.toplevel_submit)# 修改if flag == 2:itm = self.tree.set(self.tree.focus())if itm:self.user_entry.insert(0, itm['user'])self.user_entry.configure(state='disable')self.password_entry.insert(0, itm['password'])self.state_entry.insert(0, itm['state'])self.submit.configure(text='修改',command=lambda: self.modify_button(itm['user'], self.user_entry.get(), self.password_entry.get(),self.state_entry.get(),))else:self.toplevel.destroy()tkinter.messagebox.showerror('提醒', '请选择修改对象')# 用户名不准修改def modify_button(self, user, old_password, new_password, state=0):if self.all_user.user_modify(user, old_password, new_password, state):tkinter.messagebox.showinfo('提醒', '修改成功', parent=self.toplevel)else:tkinter.messagebox.showerror('提醒', '修改失败', parent=self.toplevel)def toplevel_submit(self):get_user = self.user_entry.get()get_password = self.password_entry.get()get_state = self.state_entry.get()tip = self.all_user.user_add(get_user, get_password, get_state)if tip:tkinter.messagebox.showinfo('提醒', '添加成功', parent=self.toplevel)else:tkinter.messagebox.showinfo('提醒', '此用户已存在', parent=self.toplevel)if __name__ == '__main__':root = tkinter.Tk()style = tkinter.ttk.Style()note = tkinter.ttk.Notebook(root)main = ManagingUsers()style.configure('TNotebook.Tab', font=("微软雅黑", 20, 'bold'), foreground='red')root.geometry('800x600+450+150')note.add(main.main_show_frame, text='用户管理')note.pack(fill='both', expand='true')root.mainloop()

借书记录

管理员界面将显示所有用户的借书记录，如果传入的flag值为1则表示普通用户，只显示当前用户借的图书记录，flag为2则显示所有用户借的图书记录。界面将会显示用户的借书时间以及归还时间。

from tkinter_book.operation_data.record_book import Record
import tkinter
import tkinter.ttk
import time'''
显示已经借出去书的记录
'''class LogMessage:def __init__(self, flag, user=None):''':param flag: 1 普通用户 2 管理员:param user:'''self.flag = flagself.user = userself.show_gui()def show_gui(self):style = tkinter.ttk.Style()style.configure('t.TLabel', font=("微软雅黑", 18, 'bold'), foreground='blue')if self.flag == 1:self.main_show_frame = tkinter.Frame()self.log_books = Record()query_result = self.log_books.query_user(self.user)result = sorted(query_result, key=lambda x: x['borrow_time'], reverse=True)for i, v in enumerate(result):tkinter.ttk.Label(self.main_show_frame, text=v['id'], style='t.TLabel').grid(row=i, column=0, padx=5,pady=8)tkinter.ttk.Label(self.main_show_frame, text=v['user'], style='t.TLabel').grid(row=i, column=1, padx=5,pady=8)tkinter.ttk.Label(self.main_show_frame, text=v['name'], style='t.TLabel').grid(row=i, column=2, padx=8)tkinter.ttk.Label(self.main_show_frame, text='借', style='t.TLabel').grid(row=i, column=3)tkinter.ttk.Label(self.main_show_frame, text=self.handle_time(time.localtime(v['borrow_time'])),style='t.TLabel').grid(row=i, column=4)tkinter.ttk.Label(self.main_show_frame, text='还', style='t.TLabel').grid(row=i, column=5)tkinter.ttk.Label(self.main_show_frame, text=self.handle_time(time.localtime(v['drop_time'])),style='t.TLabel').grid(row=i, column=6)print('借书时间', time.localtime(v['borrow_time'])[:6], '还书时间', time.localtime(v['drop_time'])[:6])if self.flag == 2:self.main_show_frame = tkinter.Frame()self.log_books = Record()result = sorted(self.log_books.record_books, key=lambda x: x['borrow_time'], reverse=True)for i, v in enumerate(result):tkinter.ttk.Label(self.main_show_frame, text=v['id'], style='t.TLabel').grid(row=i, column=0, padx=5,pady=8)tkinter.ttk.Label(self.main_show_frame, text=v['user'], style='t.TLabel').grid(row=i, column=1, padx=5,pady=8)tkinter.ttk.Label(self.main_show_frame, text=v['name'], style='t.TLabel').grid(row=i, column=2, padx=8)tkinter.ttk.Label(self.main_show_frame, text='借', style='t.TLabel').grid(row=i, column=3)tkinter.ttk.Label(self.main_show_frame, text=self.handle_time(time.localtime(v['borrow_time'])),style='t.TLabel').grid(row=i, column=4)tkinter.ttk.Label(self.main_show_frame, text='还', style='t.TLabel').grid(row=i, column=5)tkinter.ttk.Label(self.main_show_frame, text=self.handle_time(time.localtime(v['drop_time'])),style='t.TLabel').grid(row=i, column=6)print('借书时间', time.localtime(v['borrow_time'])[:6], '还书时间', time.localtime(v['drop_time'])[:6])# 对时间格式修改 2023.7.21 18:05:12def handle_time(self, v_tuple):# 2023-7-24 15:20:30date = str(v_tuple[0]) + '-' + str(v_tuple[1]) + '-' + str(v_tuple[2])specific = str(v_tuple[3]) + ':' + str(v_tuple[4]) + ':' + str(v_tuple[5])# print(date + ' ' + specific)return date + ' ' + specificif __name__ == '__main__':root = tkinter.Tk()style = tkinter.ttk.Style()note = tkinter.ttk.Notebook(root)main = LogMessage(1, '123456')style.configure('TNotebook.Tab', font=("微软雅黑", 20, 'bold'), foreground='red')root.geometry('800x600+450+150')note.add(main.main_show_frame, text='已借记录')note.pack(fill='both', expand='true')root.mainloop()

更改密码

更改密码界面，如果传入的值flag为1，则是普通用户，普通用户的id是不允许修改，如果传入的值为2，则是管理员，管理员id允许修改，user参数管理员可以不传。

import tkinter
import tkinter.ttk
from tkinter_book.operation_data.user_operation import UserOperation
import tkinter.messageboxclass ChangePassword:def __init__(self, user, flag):self.user = userself.flag = flagself.gui_change_password()def gui_change_password(self):self.change_frame = tkinter.Frame()self.specific = tkinter.Frame(self.change_frame, width=450, height=500)self.specific.pack_propagate(0)self.specific.pack()self.old_user_label = tkinter.Label(self.specific, text='用户名', font=('微软雅黑', 18, 'bold'))self.old_user_entry = tkinter.Entry(self.specific, font=('微软雅黑', 18, 'bold'))self.old_label = tkinter.Label(self.specific, text='原密码', font=('微软雅黑', 18, 'bold'))self.old_entry = tkinter.Entry(self.specific, font=('微软雅黑', 18, 'bold'))self.old_user_label.pack()self.old_user_entry.pack(pady=5)self.old_label.pack()self.old_entry.pack(pady=5)self.new_label = tkinter.Label(self.specific, text='新密码', font=('微软雅黑', 18, 'bold'))self.new_entry = tkinter.Entry(self.specific, font=('微软雅黑', 18, 'bold'))self.new_label.pack()self.new_entry.pack(pady=5)self.submit_button = tkinter.Button(self.specific, text='提交', font=('微软雅黑', 20, 'bold'),command=self.submit_determine)self.submit_button.pack(pady=10)tip = tkinter.Label(self.specific, text='c站关注天天501', font=('', 10, 'bold')).pack(side='bottom')if self.flag == 1:# 插入用户名，并且不准修改self.old_user_entry.insert(0, self.user)self.old_user_entry.configure(state='disable')def submit_determine(self):oper = UserOperation(self.flag)# 获取值user_v = self.old_user_entry.get()old_password = self.old_entry.get()new_password = self.new_entry.get()print(user_v, old_password, new_password)if oper.user_query(user_v):if oper.user_modify(user_v, old_password, new_password):self.old_user_entry.delete(0, 'end')self.old_entry.delete(0, 'end')self.new_entry.delete(0, 'end')tkinter.messagebox.showinfo('提醒', '修改成功！')else:tkinter.messagebox.showerror('提醒', '密码错误！')else:tkinter.messagebox.showerror('提醒', '无此用户')if __name__ == '__main__':root = tkinter.Tk()style = tkinter.ttk.Style()note = tkinter.ttk.Notebook(root)change = ChangePassword('',1)style.configure('TNotebook.Tab', font=("微软雅黑", 20, 'bold'), foreground='red')root.geometry('800x600+450+150')note.add(change.change_frame, text='更改密码')note.pack(fill='both', expand='true')root.mainloop()

普通用户界面

首页、搜索、消息、更改密码这四个界面其实和管理员界面大同小异，这里就不过多的讲述了。

其他功能

数字时间显示

我们将用tkinter中的canvas模块来写一个类似数字闹钟的时间显示效果，首先我们知道绘制一个数字最多需要七笔，比如零，假设我们从某一个笔开始，如果这个数字有这个一笔，那我们就绘制，没有就跳过，那我们就可以完美的将每一个数字绘制下来。draw_num()绘制单个数字，将以上规律复现出来了。

import tkinter
from datetime import datetime'''
采用24进制  格式12:15
可以采用12小时进制  格式12:15
'''class Clock:def __init__(self, root, height=15, width=3, mode=24):# 以左上角坐标为准# 画布的宽高self.width = widthself.height = height# 画布的粗细self.line_distance = 5self.root = rootself.canvas = tkinter.Canvas(root, width=150, height=60)self.draw_clock()def draw_clock(self):# 删除之前绘制的self.canvas.delete('all')now = datetime.now()# 获取时间string = now.strftime('%H%M')# 小时self.draw_num(20, 10, int(string[0]))self.draw_num(20 + self.height * 2, 10, int(string[1]))# 两个点self.draw_interval(20 + self.height * 3.7, 20)self.draw_interval(20 + self.height * 3.7, 35)# 分钟self.draw_num(20 + self.height * 4.7, 10, int(string[2]))self.draw_num(20 + self.height * 6.7, 10, int(string[3]))def draw_num(self, x, y, num=0):# 总共分为7笔 每一笔if num in [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9]:self.canvas.create_line(x + self.height, y + self.height, x, y + self.height,width=self.width)if num in [0, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9]:self.canvas.create_line(x - self.line_distance, y + self.height - self.line_distance,x - self.line_distance, y, width=self.width)if num in [0, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]:self.canvas.create_line(x, y, x + self.height, y, width=self.width)if num in [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9]:self.canvas.create_line(x + self.line_distance + self.height, y,x + self.height + self.line_distance,y + self.height - self.line_distance,width=self.width)if num in [0, 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]:self.canvas.create_line(x + self.line_distance + self.height,y + self.height,x + self.line_distance + self.height, y + self.height * 2,width=self.width)if num in [0, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9]:self.canvas.create_line(x + self.height, y + self.height * 2,x, y + self.height * 2,width=self.width)if num in [0, 2, 6, 8]:self.canvas.create_line(x - self.line_distance, y + self.height * 2,x - self.line_distance, y + self.height,width=self.width)def draw_interval(self, x, y):self.canvas.create_rectangle(x, y, x + 5, y + 5, fill='black')if __name__ == '__main__':root = tkinter.Tk()root.geometry('500x500+350+150')n = Clock(root)n.canvas.pack()root.mainloop()

加载画面显示

登录成功后会出现一个加载界面，这个效果实现比较简单，要用到Progressbar()，创建进度条，show()函数用for循环不断改变Progressbar()里面的值，同时需要更新界面，以达到动态显示的效果。当进度条加满时画面结束。

from tkinter_book.other_fun.center_gui import gui_center
import tkinter.ttk
import tkinter
import random
import timeclass Loading(tkinter.Tk):def __init__(self):super(Loading, self).__init__()# 居中显示gui_center(self, 100, 14)# 窗口透明self.attributes('-alpha', 0.8)# 无边框self.overrideredirect(True)self.loading_gui()self.mainloop()# 创建进度条def loading_gui(self):self.pro = tkinter.ttk.Progressbar(self, value=0, max=100, length=100)self.pro.pack()self.show()# 动态加载进度条def show(self):v = random.randint(1, 5)for i in range(100):v += random.randint(1, 16)self.pro.config(value=v)# 更新self.update()time.sleep(0.09)if v >= 100:print('结束了')self.destroy()returnif __name__ == '__main__':Loading()

输入框提示词

输入框提示词效果比较简单，把Entry重写，当光标不在的输入框的时候，显示提示词，光标在的时候就不显示，最后我们还可以获取到输入框的值。

from tkinter import *class NewEntry(Entry):def __init__(self, master=None, placeholder="提示词", color="grey"):super().__init__(master)# 提示输入self.placeholder = placeholderself.placeholder_color = color# 输入框背景self.default_fg_color = self["fg"]# 光标聚集self.bind("<FocusIn>", self.foc_in)# 光标离开self.bind("<FocusOut>", self.foc_out)self.put_placeholder()# 重写插入提示词def put_placeholder(self):self.insert(0, self.placeholder)self["fg"] = self.placeholder_color# 光标在的时候 删除提示词def foc_in(self, *args):if self["fg"] == self.placeholder_color:self.delete(0, END)self["fg"] = self.default_fg_color# 光标离开插入提示词def foc_out(self, *args):if not self.get():self.put_placeholder()# 获取输入框的值def get_input_box(self):print(self.get())return self.get()

界面居中显示

首先获取屏幕的宽高，那我们就有了界面宽高和屏幕的宽高，那就很容易就能计算出界面居中的位置。

# 窗口居中
def gui_center(win, width=300, height=450):# 获取屏幕的宽高screen_width = win.winfo_screenwidth()screen_height = win.winfo_screenheight()x = int(screen_width / 2 - width / 2)y = int(screen_height / 2 - height / 2)win.geometry(f'{width}x{height}+{x}+{y}')

借书时间和还书时间记录

这里用到了time模块，用于记录时间，根据时间戳来计算还书和借书的时间。

import timeclass ComputingTime:def __init__(self):pass# 返回当前时间def current_time(self):return time.time()# 还书时间def return_book_time(self, days):# 根据天数计算归还时间# print(time.localtime(self.current_time()+self.count_second(30)))borrow = self.current_time()return borrow + self.count_second(days)# 计算十位时间戳def count_second(self, days):return int(days) * 24 * 60 * 60# 判断是否到了还书时间def compare(self, back):current = self.current_time()if current >= back:return Trueelse:return Falseif __name__ == '__main__':clock = ComputingTime()print(clock.return_book_time(20))

公告栏数据操作

公告栏比较简单，当第一次运行时会写入数据并保存为json格式。当我们需要对数据进行操作时，可以读取或写入，以达到重新发布公告栏的效果。

import osdef first_write(txt='关注天天501'):name = '公告栏.txt'if not (name in os.listdir()):print('开始初次写入用户信息')with open(name, mode='w', encoding='utf-8') as f:f.write(txt)return# 写入数据
def announcement_write(txt):with open('公告栏.txt', mode='w', encoding='utf-8') as f:f.write(txt)# 读取数据
def announcement_read():with open('公告栏.txt', mode='r', encoding='utf-8') as f:return f.read()

结尾

结束也是开始。本文到这就结束了，想要完整代码的，点赞+关注，私信我就可以了。感谢大家的支持和关注。
————2023.8.11 21:00