Python（request库）

request库

一、request库介绍

（1）简介

requests是用python语言编写的简单易用的http库，用来做接口测试的库

（2）接口测试自动化库有哪些？

requests、urllib 、urllib2、urllib3、 httplib 等（最受欢迎的是requests）

（3）安装request库

方式一：

dos下pip：命令：pip install requests

方法二：

pycharm 中 setting下载

（4）组建一个接口需要参数？

a、url （域名+端口+接口路径）
c、请求头（请求类型heards）
d、请求参数（请求体：账号，密码）

二、requests中的运行

1、导入requests 模块

2、运行的三种方法：

（1）第一种方法：

requests.post(url=url,data=data,json=heardes)

ctrl 鼠标点击 post查看方法

案例：

import   requests
url1="http://49.233.201.254:8080/cms/manage/loginJump.do"
data1={'userAccount':'admin','loginPwd':'123456'}
h1={"Content-Type":"application/x-www-form-urlencoded"}
jk1=requests.post(url=url1,data=data1,json=h1)
print(jk1.text) #打印响应体
print(jk1.json()) #响应体转换成json格式
print(jk1.cookies) #打印cookie
print(jk1.status_code)# 打印状态码
print(jk1.request) #打印接口请求
print(jk1.url) #打印url

第一种方法中的get请求：

import   requests
url1="http://49.233.201.254:8080/cms/manage/loginJump.do"
data1={'userAccount':'admin','loginPwd':'123456'}
h1={"Content-Type":"application/x-www-form-urlencoded"}
jk1=requests.get(url=url1,params=data1,headers=h1)
print(jk1.text) #打印响应体
print(jk1.json()) #响应体转换成json格式
print(jk1.cookies) #打印cookie
print(jk1.status_code)# 打印状态码
print(jk1.request) #打印接口请求
print(jk1.url) #打印url

get参数接在url后面

import   requests
url1="http://49.233.201.254:8080/cms/manage/loginJump.do?userAccount=admin&loginPwd=123456"
h1={"Content-Type":"application/x-www-form-urlencoded"}
jk1=requests.get(url=url1,headers=h1)
print(jk1.text) #打印响应体
print(jk1.json()) #响应体转换成json格式
print(jk1.cookies) #打印cookie
print(jk1.status_code)# 打印状态码
print(jk1.request) #打印接口请求
print(jk1.url) #打印url

（2）第二种调用方法：

requests.request(请求方法,url,headers=h1)

案例1：

requests.request(get,url,headers=h1) 方法

import   requests
url1="http://49.233.201.254:8080/cms/manage/loginJump.do?userAccount=admin&loginPwd=123456"
h1={"Content-Type":"application/x-www-form-urlencoded"}
jk1=requests.request("get",url1,headers=h1)
print(jk1.text) #打印响应体
print(jk1.json()) #响应体转换成json格式
print(jk1.cookies) #打印cookie
print(jk1.status_code)# 打印状态码
print(jk1.request) #打印接口请求
print(jk1.url) #打印url

案例2：

requests.request(post,url,data,headers=h1) 方法

import   requests
url1="http://49.233.201.254:8080/cms/manage/loginJump.do"
data1={'userAccount':'admin','loginPwd':'123456'}
h1={"Content-Type":"application/x-www-form-urlencoded"}
jk1=requests.request("post",url=url1,data=data1,headers=h1)
print(jk1.text) #打印响应体
print(jk1.json()) #响应体转换成json格式
print(jk1.cookies) #打印cookie
print(jk1.status_code)# 打印状态码
print(jk1.request) #打印接口请求
print(jk1.url) #打印url

（3）第三种方法：保持会话关系

requests.Session()调用方法

import   requests
s=requests.Session()
url1="http://49.233.201.254:8080/cms/manage/loginJump.do"
data1={'userAccount':'admin','loginPwd':'123456'}
h1={"Content-Type":"application/x-www-form-urlencoded"}
jk1=s.request("post",url=url1,data=data1,headers=h1)
print(jk1.text) #打印响应体
#查询用户接口
url2="http://49.233.201.254:8080/cms/manage/queryUserList.do"
data2={
'startCreateDat':'',
'endCreateDate':'',
'searchValue':'',
'page':'1'
}
h2={"Content-Type":"application/x-www-form-urlencoded"}
jk2=s.post(url=url2,data=data2,headers=h2)
print(jk2.text)

request断言

一、if断言

案例：

import   requests
s=requests.Session()
url1="http://49.233.201.254:8080/cms/manage/loginJump.do"
data1={'userAccount':'admin','loginPwd':'123456'}
h1={"Content-Type":"application/x-www-form-urlencoded"}
jk1=s.request("post",url=url1,data=data1,headers=h1)
wb=jk1.json()
print(jk1.json())
if wb["msg"]=="登录成功！":print("ok")
else:print("no")

二.assert断言

h1={"Content-Type":"application/x-www-form-urlencoded"}
jk1=s.request("post",url=url1,data=data1,headers=h1)
wb=jk1.json()
print(jk1.json())
assert  wb["msg"]=='登录成功'
print(jk1.cookies)

封装接口

案例1:requests.Session()

import   requests
s=requests.Session()
class  Cms(object):def __init__(self):passdef  dl(self):url1 = "http://49.233.201.254:8080/cms/manage/loginJump.do"data1={'userAccount':'admin','loginPwd':'123456'}h1={"Content-Type":"application/x-www-form-urlencoded"}jk1=s.request("post",url=url1,data=data1,headers=h1)print(jk1.json())def   yh(self):url2="http://49.233.201.254:8080/cms/manage/queryUserList.do"data2={'startCreateDat':'','endCreateDate':'','searchValue':'','page':'1'}h2={"Content-Type":"application/x-www-form-urlencoded"}jk2=s.request("post",url=url2,data=data2,headers=h2)print(jk2.text)
if __name__ == '__main__':dx=Cms()dx.dl()dx.yh()

案例2:cookies 保持会话

代码:

import   requests
class  Cms(object):def __init__(self):passdef  dl(self):url1 = "http://49.233.201.254:8080/cms/manage/loginJump.do"data1={'userAccount':'admin','loginPwd':'123456'}h1={"Content-Type":"application/x-www-form-urlencoded"}jk1=requests.request("post",url=url1,data=data1,headers=h1)print(jk1.text)c=str(jk1.cookies)print(c) #<RequestsCookieJar[<Cookie JSESSIONID=DAB3F94092C907F3BAD009410A8778E0 for 49.233.201.254/cms/>]>self.cookie=c.split(" ")[1] #JSESSIONID=6D60B90E937058D8B91B66A18671A4CB# print(cookie)def   yh(self):url2="http://49.233.201.254:8080/cms/manage/queryUserList.do"data2={'startCreateDat':'','endCreateDate':'','searchValue':'','page':'1'}h2={"Content-Type":"application/x-www-form-urlencoded","Cookie":self.cookie}jk2=requests.request("post",url=url2,data=data2,headers=h2)print(jk2.text)
if __name__ == '__main__':dx=Cms()dx.dl()dx.yh()

案例3:

import   requests
class  Cms(object):def __init__(self):passdef  dl(self):url1 = "http://49.233.201.254:8080/cms/manage/loginJump.do"data1={'userAccount':'admin','loginPwd':'123456'}h1={"Content-Type":"application/x-www-form-urlencoded"}jk1=requests.request("post",url=url1,data=data1,headers=h1)print(jk1.text)c=str(jk1.cookies)print(c) #<RequestsCookieJar[<Cookie JSESSIONID=DAB3F94092C907F3BAD009410A8778E0 for 49.233.201.254/cms/>]>cookie=c.split(" ")[1] #JSESSIONID=6D60B90E937058D8B91B66A18671A4CB# print(cookie)return cookiedef   yh(self):d=self.dl()url2="http://49.233.201.254:8080/cms/manage/queryUserList.do"data2={'startCreateDat':'','endCreateDate':'','searchValue':'','page':'1'}h2={"Content-Type":"application/x-www-form-urlencoded","Cookie":d}jk2=requests.request("post",url=url2,data=data2,headers=h2)print(jk2.text)
if __name__ == '__main__':dx=Cms()# dx.dl()dx.yh()

关联接口

省份接口:

http://www.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/WeatherWebService.asmx/getSupportProvince

城市接口：

http://www.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/WeatherWebService.asmx/getSupport

入参：CitybyProvinceName:{{cs}}

案例1：

import requests s=requests.Session() class Gl(object): def __init__(self): pass def sf(self): url="http://www.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/WeatherWebService.asmx/getSupportProvince" jk=s.post(url=url) print(jk.text) def cs(self): url1=r"http://www.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/WeatherWebService.asmx/getSupportCity" data1={'byProvinceName':"浙江"} h1={"Content-Type":"application/x-www-form-urlencoded"} jk1=s.post(url=url1,data=data1,) print(jk1.text) if __name__ == '__main__': dx=Gl() dx.sf() dx.cs()

案例2:

import   requests
import  re
s=requests.Session()
class  Gl(object):def __init__(self):passdef  sf(self):url="http://www.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/WeatherWebService.asmx/getSupportProvince"jk=s.post(url=url)print(jk.text)self.tq=re.findall('<string>(.+?)</string>',jk.text)# print(tq)def  cs(self):url1=r"http://www.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/WeatherWebService.asmx/getSupportCity"data1={'byProvinceName':self.tq[8]}h1={"Content-Type":"application/x-www-form-urlencoded"}jk1=s.post(url=url1,data=data1,headers=h1)print(jk1.text)
if __name__ == '__main__':dx=Gl()dx.sf()dx.cs()