Django国际化
一、今日学习内容概述
| 学习模块 | 重要程度 | 主要内容 |
|---|---|---|
| 国际化基础 | ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ | 基本概念、配置设置 |
| 字符串翻译 | ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ | 翻译标记、消息文件 |
| 模板国际化 | ⭐⭐⭐⭐ | 模板标签、过滤器 |
| 动态内容翻译 | ⭐⭐⭐⭐ | 模型字段、表单翻译 |
二、国际化基础配置
python"># settings.py# 启用国际化
USE_I18N = True# 启用本地化
USE_L10N = True# 启用时区
USE_TZ = True# 支持的语言
LANGUAGES = [('en', 'English'),('zh-hans', '简体中文'),('ja', '日本語'),
]# 默认语言
LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en'# 翻译文件路径
LOCALE_PATHS = [BASE_DIR / 'locale',
]# 中间件配置
MIDDLEWARE = [# ...'django.middleware.locale.LocaleMiddleware',# ...
]
三、代码中的字符串翻译
python"># models.py
from django.db import models
from django.utils.translation import gettext_lazy as _class Article(models.Model):STATUS_CHOICES = [('draft', _('草稿')),('published', _('已发布')),]title = models.CharField(_('标题'), max_length=200)content = models.TextField(_('内容'))status = models.CharField(_('状态'),max_length=10,choices=STATUS_CHOICES,default='draft')created_at = models.DateTimeField(_('创建时间'), auto_now_add=True)class Meta:verbose_name = _('文章')verbose_name_plural = _('文章')# views.py
from django.utils.translation import gettext as _
from django.contrib import messagesdef article_create(request):if request.method == 'POST':form = ArticleForm(request.POST)if form.is_valid():article = form.save()messages.success(request, _('文章创建成功！'))return redirect('article_detail', pk=article.pk)else:form = ArticleForm()return render(request, 'articles/create.html', {'title': _('创建新文章'),'form': form})
四、模板国际化
<!-- templates/base.html -->
{% load i18n %}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head><title>{% trans "我的网站" %}</title>
</head>
<body><header><h1>{% trans "欢迎访问" %}</h1><div class="language-selector"><form action="{% url 'set_language' %}" method="post">{% csrf_token %}<input name="next" type="hidden" value="{{ request.path }}"><select name="language" onchange="this.form.submit()">{% get_current_language as CURRENT_LANGUAGE %}{% get_available_languages as LANGUAGES %}{% for code, name in LANGUAGES %}<option value="{{ code }}"{% if code == CURRENT_LANGUAGE %}selected{% endif %}>{{ name }}</option>{% endfor %}</select></form></div></header><nav><ul><li><a href="{% url 'home' %}">{% trans "首页" %}</a></li><li><a href="{% url 'about' %}">{% trans "关于" %}</a></li><li><a href="{% url 'contact' %}">{% trans "联系我们" %}</a></li></ul></nav><main>{% block content %}{% endblock %}</main><footer>{% blocktrans %}版权所有 © {{ year }} 我的网站{% endblocktrans %}</footer>
</body>
</html>
五、国际化流程图
六、消息文件管理
6.1 创建和编译消息文件
# 创建/更新消息文件
python manage.py makemessages -l zh_hans
python manage.py makemessages -l ja# 编译消息文件
python manage.py compilemessages
6.2 消息文件示例
# locale/zh_hans/LC_MESSAGES/django.po
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-01-19 10:00+0000\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
"Language: \n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"#: models.py:8
msgid "标题"
msgstr "Title"#: models.py:9
msgid "内容"
msgstr "Content"#: templates/base.html:4
msgid "我的网站"
msgstr "My Website"
七、动态内容翻译
7.1 模型翻译
python"># models.py
from django.db import models
from django.utils.translation import gettext_lazy as _class TranslatableModel(models.Model):"""可翻译内容的基类"""class Meta:abstract = Trueclass ArticleTranslation(models.Model):article = models.ForeignKey('Article', on_delete=models.CASCADE)language = models.CharField(max_length=10, choices=settings.LANGUAGES)title = models.CharField(max_length=200)content = models.TextField()class Meta:unique_together = ('article', 'language')class Article(TranslatableModel):# 基本字段保持原样created_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)def get_translation(self, language=None):"""获取指定语言的翻译"""if language is None:language = get_language()try:return self.articletranslation_set.get(language=language)except ArticleTranslation.DoesNotExist:# 如果没有找到翻译，返回默认语言return self.articletranslation_set.get(language=settings.LANGUAGE_CODE)
7.2 表单翻译
python"># forms.py
from django import forms
from django.utils.translation import gettext_lazy as _class ContactForm(forms.Form):name = forms.CharField(label=_('姓名'),max_length=100,error_messages={'required': _('请输入您的姓名'),'max_length': _('姓名长度不能超过100个字符'),})email = forms.EmailField(label=_('电子邮箱'),error_messages={'required': _('请输入您的电子邮箱'),'invalid': _('请输入有效的电子邮箱地址'),})message = forms.CharField(label=_('留言内容'),widget=forms.Textarea,error_messages={'required': _('请输入留言内容'),})
八、URL国际化
python"># urls.py
from django.conf.urls.i18n import i18n_patterns
from django.urls import path, includeurlpatterns = [path('i18n/', include('django.conf.urls.i18n')),
]urlpatterns += i18n_patterns(path('admin/', admin.site.urls),path('', include('myapp.urls')),
)
九、JavaScript国际化
// static/js/i18n.js
const gettext = function(msgid) {return window.TRANSLATIONS[msgid] || msgid;
};const interpolate = function(fmt, obj) {return fmt.replace(/%\(\w+\)s/g, function(match) {return String(obj[match.slice(2,-2)]);});
};// 使用示例
const message = gettext('欢迎访问，%(name)s！');
const welcomeMessage = interpolate(message, {name: 'John'});
十、日期和数字格式化
python"># views.py
from django.utils.formats import date_format, number_format
from django.utils import translationdef format_example(request):current_language = translation.get_language()# 格式化日期today = date.today()formatted_date = date_format(today, format='DATETIME_FORMAT')# 格式化数字number = 1234567.89formatted_number = number_format(number,decimal_pos=2,use_l10n=True)return render(request, 'format_example.html', {'formatted_date': formatted_date,'formatted_number': formatted_number,})
通过本章学习，你应该能够：
- 配置Django国际化
- 实现字符串翻译
- 处理动态内容翻译
- 使用本地化格式
怎么样今天的内容还满意吗？再次感谢朋友们的观看，关注GZH：凡人的AI工具箱，回复666，送您价值199的AI大礼包。最后，祝您早日实现财务自由，还请给个赞，谢谢！
