飞机大战Python全代码 + 图片

1.主要是参考《Python编程从入门到实践》作者：Eric Matthes这本书。
2.我大约敲了两天，看到小游戏可以run时，有一点点小成就感。
3.主要是想学习一下python。
4.我把外星人的图片更改了（着实感觉原alien有点丑），但书籍中的图片我也保存了下来。
5.你需要将所有的文件放在一个文件夹里，并运行其中的alien_invasion.py

1.主函数（文件名 alien_invasion.py）

import sys
import pygame
from settings import Settings
from ship import Ship
import game_functions as gf
from pygame.sprite import Group
from game_stats import GameStats
from button import Button
from scoreboard import Scoreboarddef run_game():# 初始化游戏并创建一个屏幕对象pygame.init()ai_settings = Settings()screen = pygame.display.set_mode((ai_settings.screen_width, ai_settings.screen_height))pygame.display.set_caption("Alien Invasion")#创建Play按钮play_button = Button(ai_settings, screen, "Play")#创建一个用于存储游戏统计信息的实例stats = GameStats(ai_settings)sb = Scoreboard(ai_settings, screen, stats)#创建一艘飞船,一个子弹编组，一个外星人编组ship = Ship(ai_settings, screen)bullets = Group()aliens = Group()#创建外星人群gf.create_fleet(ai_settings, screen, ship, aliens)#开始游戏主循环while True:#监视键盘和鼠标事件gf.check_events(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, play_button, ship, aliens, bullets)if stats.game_active:ship.updata()gf.update_bullets(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, ship, aliens, bullets)gf.update_aliens(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, ship, aliens, bullets)gf.update_screen(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, ship, aliens, bullets,play_button)run_game()

2.所有设置的类（文件名 settings.py）

class Settings():""" 存储《飞机大战》的所有设置类"""def __init__(self):"""初始化游戏的静态设置"""#屏幕设置self.screen_width = 1100self.screen_height = 688self.bg_color = (230, 230, 230)#外星人设置self.fleet_drop_speed = 10#加快游戏节奏的速度self.speedup_scale = 1.1#外星人分数的提高速度self.score_scale = 1.5self.initialize_dynamic_settings()# 飞船的设置self.ship_limit = 3#子弹设置self.bullet_width = 5self.bullet_height = 15self.bullet_color = 60, 60, 60self.bullet_allowed = 10def initialize_dynamic_settings(self):"""初始化随游戏进行而变化的设置"""self.ship_speed_factor = 1.5self.bullet_speed_factor = 3self.alien_speed_factor = 1# 一个外星人分值self.alien_points = 50# fleet_direction为1表示向右，-1表示向左self.fleet_direction = 1def increase_speed(self):"""提高速度设置和外星人点数"""self.ship_speed_factor *= self.speedup_scaleself.bullet_speed_factor *= self.speedup_scaleself.alien_speed_factor *= self.speedup_scaleself.alien_points = int(self.alien_points * self.score_scale)

3.飞船的类（文件名 ship.py）

import pygame
from pygame.sprite  import Spriteclass Ship():def __init__(self,ai_settings, screen):"""初始化飞船图像并设置其初始值"""super(Ship, self).__init__()self.screen = screenself.ai_settings = ai_settings#加载飞船图像并获取其外界矩形self.image = pygame.image.load('images/ship.bmp')self.rect = self.image.get_rect()self.screen_rect = screen.get_rect()# 将每艘飞船放在屏幕底部中央self.rect.centerx = self.screen_rect.centerxself.rect.bottom = self.screen_rect.bottom#在飞船的树形center中存储小数值self.center = float(self.rect.centerx)# 移动标志self.moving_right = Falseself.moving_left = Falsedef updata(self):"""根据移动标志调整飞船的位置"""if  self.moving_right and self.rect.right < self.screen_rect.right:self.center += self.ai_settings.ship_speed_factorif  self.moving_left and self.rect.left > 0:self.center -= self.ai_settings.ship_speed_factor# 根据self.centex更新rect对象self.rect.centerx = self.centerdef blitme(self):"""在指定位置绘制飞船"""self.screen.blit(self.image, self.rect)def center_ship(self):"""让飞船在屏幕上居中"""self.center = self.screen_rect.centerx

4.最重要的一个，游戏主功能（文件名 game_functions.py）

import sys
import pygame
from bullet import Bullet
from alien import Alien
from time import sleepdef get_number_aliens_x(ai_settings, alien_width):"""计算一行可容纳多少个外星人"""available_space_x = ai_settings.screen_width - 2 * alien_widthnumber_aliens_x = int(available_space_x / (2 * alien_width))return number_aliens_xdef get_number_rows(ai_settings, ship_height, alien_height):"""计算屏幕可容纳多少行外星人"""available_space_y = (ai_settings.screen_height -(3 * alien_height) - ship_height)number_rows = int(available_space_y / (2 * alien_height))return number_rowsdef creat_alien(ai_settings, screen, aliens, alien_number, row_number):# 创建一个外星人并将其加入当前行alien = Alien(ai_settings, screen)alien_width = alien.rect.widthalien.x = alien_width + 2 * alien_width * alien_numberalien.rect.x = alien.xalien.rect.y = alien.rect.height + 2 * alien.rect.height * row_numberaliens.add(alien)def create_fleet(ai_sittings, screen, ship, aliens):#外星人间距为外星人宽度alien = Alien(ai_sittings, screen)number_aliens_x = get_number_aliens_x(ai_sittings, alien.rect.width)number_rows = get_number_rows(ai_sittings, ship.rect.height, alien.rect.height)#创建外星人群for row_number in range(number_rows):#创建第一个外星人for alien_number in range(number_aliens_x):creat_alien(ai_sittings, screen, aliens, alien_number, row_number)def check_keydown_events(event, ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets):if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:# 向右移动飞船ship.moving_right = Trueelif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:ship.moving_left = Trueelif event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:#创建新子弹并将其加入到编组bullets中fire_bullet(ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets)elif event.key == pygame.K_q:sys.exit()def fire_bullet(ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets):"""如果还没到达限制，就发射一颗子弹"""#创建新子弹并将其加入到编组bullets中if len(bullets) < ai_settings.bullet_allowed:new_bullet = Bullet(ai_settings, screen, ship)bullets.add(new_bullet)def check_keyup_events(event, ship):if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:ship.moving_right = Falseelif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:ship.moving_left = Falsedef check_events(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, play_button, ship, aliens, bullets):"""响应按键和鼠标事件"""for event in pygame.event.get():if event.type == pygame.QUIT:sys.exit()elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:check_keydown_events(event, ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets)elif event.type == pygame.KEYUP:check_keyup_events(event, ship)elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:mouse_x, mouse_y = pygame.mouse.get_pos()check_play_button(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, play_button, ship,aliens, bullets, mouse_x, mouse_y)def check_play_button(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, play_button, ship,aliens, bullets, mouse_x, mouse_y):"""在玩家单击Play按钮时开始游戏"""button_clicked = play_button.rect.collidepoint(mouse_x, mouse_y)if button_clicked and not stats.game_active:#重置游戏设置ai_settings.initialize_dynamic_settings()#隐藏光标pygame.mouse.set_visible(False)# 重置游戏统计信息stats.reset_stats()stats.game_active = True#重置记分牌图像sb.prep_score()sb.prep_high_score()sb.prep_level()sb.prep_ships()# 清空外星人列表和子弹列表aliens.empty()bullets.empty()# 创建一群新的外星人，并让飞船居中create_fleet(ai_settings, screen, ship, aliens)ship.center_ship()def update_screen(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, ship, alien, bullets, play_button):"""更新屏幕上的图像，并切换到新屏幕"""screen.fill(ai_settings.bg_color)#在飞船和外星人后面重绘所有子弹for bullet in bullets.sprites():bullet.draw_bullet()ship.blitme()alien.draw(screen)#显示得分sb.show_score()# 如果游戏处于非活动状态就绘制Play按钮if not stats.game_active:play_button.draw_button()#让最近绘制的屏幕可见pygame.display.flip()def update_bullets(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, ship, aliens, bullets):"""更新子弹的位置，并删除已消失的子弹"""#更新子弹的位置bullets.update()for bullet in bullets.copy():if bullet.rect.bottom <= 0:bullets.remove(bullet)#print(len(bullets))check_bullet_alien_collisions(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, ship, aliens, bullets)def check_bullet_alien_collisions(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, ship, aliens, bullets):#检查是否有子弹击中外星人#如果击中，就删除相应的子弹和外星人collisions = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(bullets, aliens, True, True)if collisions:for aliens in collisions.values():stats.score += ai_settings.alien_pointssb.prep_score()check_high_score(stats, sb)if len(aliens) == 0:#删除现有的子弹，加快游戏节奏，并创建一群新的外星人#如果整群外星人都被消灭就提高一个等级bullets.empty()ai_settings.increase_speed()#提高等级stats.level += 1sb.prep_level()create_fleet(ai_settings, screen, ship, aliens)def check_fleet_edges(ai_settings, aliens):"""有外星人到达边缘时采取相应措施"""for alien in aliens.sprites():if alien.check_edges():change_fleet_direction(ai_settings, aliens)breakdef change_fleet_direction(ai_settings, aliens):"""将整群外星人下移，并改变它们的方向"""for alien in aliens.sprites():alien.rect.y += ai_settings.fleet_drop_speedai_settings.fleet_direction *= -1def ship_hit(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, ship, aliens, bullets):"""响应被外星人撞到的飞船"""if stats.ships_left > 0:# Decrement ships_left.stats.ships_left -= 1#更新记分牌sb.prep_ships()else:stats.game_active = Falsepygame.mouse.set_visible(True)# 清空外星人列表和子弹列表aliens.empty()bullets.empty()# 创建一群新的外星人，并将飞船放到屏幕底端中央create_fleet(ai_settings, screen, ship, aliens)ship.center_ship()# 暂停sleep(0.5)def check_aliens_bottom(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, ship, aliens, bullets):"""检查是否有外星人到达屏幕底端"""screen_rect = screen.get_rect()for alien in aliens.sprites():if alien.rect.bottom >= screen_rect.bottom:# 像飞船被撞到一样处理ship_hit(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, ship, aliens, bullets)breakdef update_aliens(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, ship, aliens, bullets):"""检查是否有外星人位于屏幕边缘，并更新整群外星人的位置"""check_fleet_edges(ai_settings, aliens)aliens.update()#检查外乡人和飞船之间的碰撞if pygame.sprite.spritecollideany(ship, aliens):ship_hit(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, ship, aliens, bullets)#检查是否有外星人到达屏幕底端check_aliens_bottom(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, ship, aliens, bullets)def check_high_score(stats, sb):"""检查是够诞生了最高得分"""if stats.score > stats.high_score:stats.high_score = stats.scoresb.prep_high_score()

5.子弹管理的类（文件名 bullet.py）

import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Spriteclass Bullet(Sprite):"""一个对飞船发射的子弹进行管理的类"""def __init__(self, ai_settings, screen, ship):"""在飞船所处的位置创建一个子弹对象"""super(Bullet, self).__init__()self.screen = screen#在（0，0）处创建一个表示子弹的矩形，再设置正确的位置self.rect = pygame.Rect(0, 0, ai_settings.bullet_width,ai_settings.bullet_height)self.rect.centerx = ship.rect.centerxself.rect.top = ship.rect.top#存储用小数表示的子弹位置self.y = float(self.rect.y)self.color = ai_settings.bullet_colorself.speed_factor = ai_settings.bullet_speed_factordef update(self):"""向上移动子弹"""#更新表示子弹位置的小数值self.y -= self.speed_factor#更新表示子弹的rect的位置self.rect.y = self.ydef draw_bullet(self):"""在屏幕上绘制子弹"""pygame.draw.rect(self.screen, self.color, self.rect)

6.外星人的类（alien.py）

import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Spriteclass Alien(Sprite):"""表示单个外星人的类"""def __init__(self, ai_settings, screen):"""初始化外星人并设置其起始位置"""super(Alien , self).__init__()self.screen = screenself.ai_settings = ai_settings#加载外星人图像，并设置其rect属性self.image = pygame.image.load('images/aliens.bmp')self.rect = self.image.get_rect()#每个外星人最初都在屏幕左上角附近self.rect.x = self.rect.widthself.rect.y = self.rect.height#存储外星人的准确位置self.x = float(self.rect.x)def blitme(self):"""在指定位置绘制外星人"""self.screen.blit(self.image, self.rect)def check_edges(self):"""Return True if alien is at edge of screen."""screen_rect = self.screen.get_rect()if self.rect.right >= screen_rect.right:return Trueelif self.rect.left <= 0:return Truedef update(self):"""向右移动外星人"""self.x += (self.ai_settings.alien_speed_factor *self.ai_settings.fleet_direction)self.rect.x = self.x

7.游戏统计信息的类（文件名 game_stats.py）

class GameStats():"""跟踪游戏的统计信息"""def __init__(self, ai_settings):"""初始化统计信息"""self.ai_settings = ai_settingsself.reset_stats()# 游戏刚启动时处于活动状态self.game_active = False#在任何情况都不重置最高得分self.high_score = 0def reset_stats(self):"""初始化随游戏运行可能变化的统计信息"""self.ships_left = self.ai_settings.ship_limitself.score = 0self.level = 1

8.按钮的类（文件名 button.py）

import pygame.fontclass Button():def __init__(self, ai_settings, screen, msg):"""初始化按钮的属性"""self.screen = screenself.screen_rect = screen.get_rect()# 设置按钮的尺寸和其它属性self.width, self.height = 200, 50self.button_color = (0, 255, 0)self.text_color = (255, 255, 255)self.font = pygame.font.SysFont(None, 48)# 创建按钮的rect对象，并使其居中self.rect = pygame.Rect(0, 0, self.width, self.height)self.rect.center = self.screen_rect.center# 按钮标签只需创建一次self.prep_msg(msg)def prep_msg(self, msg):""" 将msg渲染为图像，并使其在按钮上居中"""self.msg_image = self.font.render(msg, True, self.text_color,self.button_color)self.msg_image_rect = self.msg_image.get_rect()self.msg_image_rect.center = self.rect.centerdef draw_button(self):# 绘制一个用颜色填充的按钮，再绘制文本self.screen.fill(self.button_color, self.rect)self.screen.blit(self.msg_image, self.msg_image_rect)

9.显示得分的类（文件名 scoreboard.py）

import pygame.font
from pygame.sprite import Group
from ship import Shipclass Scoreboard():"""显示得分信息的类"""def __init__(self, ai_settings, screen, stats):"""初始化显示得分的属性"""self.screen = screenself.screen_rect = screen.get_rect()self.ai_settings = ai_settingsself.stats = stats# 显示得分时使用的字体设置self.text_color = (30, 30, 30)self.font = pygame.font.SysFont(None, 48)#准备包含最高得分和当前得分的图像self.prep_score()self.prep_high_score()self.prep_level()self.prep_ships()def prep_score(self):"""将得分转换为一幅渲染的图像"""rounded_score = int(round(self.stats.score, -1))score_str = "Score: {:,}".format(rounded_score)self.score_image = self.font.render(score_str, True, self.text_color,self.ai_settings.bg_color)# 将得分放在屏幕右上角self.score_rect = self.score_image.get_rect()self.score_rect.right = self.screen_rect.right - 20self.score_rect.top = 20def prep_high_score(self):"""将最高得分转换为一幅渲染的图像"""high_score = int(round(self.stats.high_score, -1))high_score_str = "High score:{:,}".format(high_score)self.high_score_image = self.font.render(high_score_str, True,self.text_color, self.ai_settings.bg_color)#将最高得分放在屏幕顶部中央self.high_score_rect = self.high_score_image.get_rect()self.high_score_rect.centerx = self.screen_rect.centerxself.high_score_rect.top = self.score_rect.topdef prep_level(self):"""将等级转换为渲染的图像"""self.level_image = self.font.render(str(self.stats.level), True,self.text_color, self.ai_settings.bg_color)# 将等级放在得分下面self.level_rect = self.level_image.get_rect()self.level_rect.right = self.score_rect.rightself.level_rect.top = self.score_rect.bottom + 10def prep_ships(self):"""显示剩余多少飞船."""self.ships = Group()for ship_number in range(self.stats.ships_left):ship = Ship(self.ai_settings, self.screen)ship.rect.x = 10 + ship_number * ship.rect.widthship.rect.y = 10self.ships.add_internal(ship)def show_score(self):"""在屏幕上显示飞船和得分"""self.screen.blit(self.score_image, self.score_rect)self.screen.blit(self.high_score_image, self.high_score_rect)self.screen.blit(self.level_image, self.level_rect)# 绘制飞船self.ships.draw(self.screen)