本文转载自:http://blog.csdn.net/billpig/article/details/6728573
我们在项目过程中或多或少会使用到设备的唯一识别码,我们希望能够得到一个稳定、可靠的设备唯一识别码。今天我们将介绍几种方式。
1. DEVICE_ID
假设我们确实需要用到真实设备的标识,可能就需要用到DEVICE_ID。在以前,我们的Android设备是手机,这个DEVICE_ID可以同通过 TelephonyManager.getDeviceId()获取,它根据不同的手机设备返回IMEI,MEID或者ESN码,但它在使用的过程中会遇到很多问题:
- 非手机设备: 如果只带有Wifi的设备或者音乐播放器没有通话的硬件功能的话就没有这个DEVICE_ID
- 权限: 获取DEVICE_ID需要READ_PHONE_STATE权限,但如果我们只为了获取它,没有用到其他的通话功能,那这个权限有点大才小用
- bug:在少数的一些手机设备上,该实现有漏洞,会返回垃圾,如:zeros或者asterisks的产品
2. MAC ADDRESS
我们也可以通过手机的Wifi或者蓝牙设备获取MAC ADDRESS作为DEVICE ID,但是并不建议这么做,因为并不是所有的设备都有Wifi,并且,如果Wifi没有打开,那硬件设备无法返回MAC ADDRESS.
3. Serial Number
在Android 2.3可以通过android.os.Build.SERIAL获取,非手机设备可以通过该接口获取。
4. ANDROID_ID
ANDROID_ID是设备第一次启动时产生和存储的64bit的一个数,当设备被wipe后该数重置
ANDROID_ID似乎是获取Device ID的一个好选择,但它也有缺陷:
- 它在Android <=2.1 or Android >=2.3的版本是可靠、稳定的,但在2.2的版本并不是100%可靠的
- 在主流厂商生产的设备上,有一个很经常的bug,就是每个设备都会产生相同的ANDROID_ID:9774d56d682e549c
5. Installtion ID : UUID
以上四种方式都有或多或少存在的一定的局限性或者bug,在这里,有另外一种方式解决,就是使用UUID,该方法无需访问设备的资源,也跟设备类型无关。
这种方式是通过在程序安装后第一次运行后生成一个ID实现的,但该方式跟设备唯一标识不一样,它会因为不同的应用程序而产生不同的ID,而不是设备唯一ID。因此经常用来标识在某个应用中的唯一ID(即Installtion ID),或者跟踪应用的安装数量。很幸运的,Google Developer Blog提供了这样的一个框架:
public class Installation {private static String sID = null;private static final String INSTALLATION = "INSTALLATION";public synchronized static String id(Context context) {if (sID == null) { File installation = new File(context.getFilesDir(), INSTALLATION);try {if (!installation.exists())writeInstallationFile(installation);sID = readInstallationFile(installation);} catch (Exception e) {throw new RuntimeException(e);}}return sID;}private static String readInstallationFile(File installation) throws IOException {RandomAccessFile f = new RandomAccessFile(installation, "r");byte[] bytes = new byte[(int) f.length()];f.readFully(bytes);f.close();return new String(bytes);}private static void writeInstallationFile(File installation) throws IOException {FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(installation);String id = UUID.randomUUID().toString();out.write(id.getBytes());out.close();} }
总结
综合以上所述,为了实现在设备上更通用的获取设备唯一标识,我们可以实现这样的一个类,为每个设备产生唯一的UUID,以ANDROID_ID为基础,在获取失败时以TelephonyManager.getDeviceId()为备选方法,如果再失败,使用UUID的生成策略。
重申下,以下方法是生成Device ID,在大多数情况下Installtion ID能够满足我们的需求,但是如果确实需要用到Device ID,那可以通过以下方式实现:
import android.content.Context; import android.content.SharedPreferences; import android.provider.Settings.Secure; import android.telephony.TelephonyManager;import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException; import java.util.UUID;public class DeviceUuidFactory {protected static final String PREFS_FILE = "device_id.xml";protected static final String PREFS_DEVICE_ID = "device_id";protected static UUID uuid;public DeviceUuidFactory(Context context) {if( uuid ==null ) {synchronized (DeviceUuidFactory.class) {if( uuid == null) {final SharedPreferences prefs = context.getSharedPreferences( PREFS_FILE, 0);final String id = prefs.getString(PREFS_DEVICE_ID, null );if (id != null) {// Use the ids previously computed and stored in the prefs fileuuid = UUID.fromString(id);} else {final String androidId = Secure.getString(context.getContentResolver(), Secure.ANDROID_ID);// Use the Android ID unless it's broken, in which case fallback on deviceId,// unless it's not available, then fallback on a random number which we store// to a prefs filetry {if (!"9774d56d682e549c".equals(androidId)) {uuid = UUID.nameUUIDFromBytes(androidId.getBytes("utf8"));} else {final String deviceId = ((TelephonyManager) context.getSystemService( Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE )).getDeviceId();uuid = deviceId!=null ? UUID.nameUUIDFromBytes(deviceId.getBytes("utf8")) : UUID.randomUUID();}} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {throw new RuntimeException(e);}// Write the value out to the prefs fileprefs.edit().putString(PREFS_DEVICE_ID, uuid.toString() ).commit();}}}}}/*** Returns a unique UUID for the current android device. As with all UUIDs, this unique ID is "very highly likely"* to be unique across all Android devices. Much more so than ANDROID_ID is.** The UUID is generated by using ANDROID_ID as the base key if appropriate, falling back on* TelephonyManager.getDeviceID() if ANDROID_ID is known to be incorrect, and finally falling back* on a random UUID that's persisted to SharedPreferences if getDeviceID() does not return a* usable value.** In some rare circumstances, this ID may change. In particular, if the device is factory reset a new device ID* may be generated. In addition, if a user upgrades their phone from certain buggy implementations of Android 2.2* to a newer, non-buggy version of Android, the device ID may change. Or, if a user uninstalls your app on* a device that has neither a proper Android ID nor a Device ID, this ID may change on reinstallation.** Note that if the code falls back on using TelephonyManager.getDeviceId(), the resulting ID will NOT* change after a factory reset. Something to be aware of.** Works around a bug in Android 2.2 for many devices when using ANDROID_ID directly.** @see http://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=10603** @return a UUID that may be used to uniquely identify your device for most purposes.*/public UUID getDeviceUuid() {return uuid;} }
Reference:http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2011/03/identifying-app-installations.html
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/5088474/how-can-i-get-the-uuid-of-my-android-phone-in-an-application
版权所有,转载请出明出处!