STM32模拟I2C协议获取HDC1080温度和湿度传感器数据
HDC1080是一款温湿度传感器，具有如下特点：
其中温度和湿度经过出厂校准。这里介绍STM32模拟I2C总线协议访问HDC1080的HAL库实现范例。
HDC1080电路连接
HDC1080的内部原理及电路连接如下：
HDC1080具有低功耗特征，每次触发检测转换后进入睡眠状态，另外内部有一个加热电阻，在环境湿度高时，可以出发加热去湿度，从而增强温度检测部分的准确性。
HDC1080可以检测供电电压阀值，判断供电电压是否高于或低于2.8V，对于简单电池供电场合可以进行供电判断处理。
HDC1080寄存器说明
HDC1080有如下的一些寄存器，按作用分为读数，配置，读ID三种：
在触发读取温度寄存器操作时，除了会触发温度转换也会触发湿度转换，从而可以一次性将温度和湿度都读出来。
原始数据和常见格式的转换关系为：
这里采用STM32CUBEIDE开发环境，以STM32F103CBT6为例，介绍 HDC1080的访问和温湿度数据获取。
STM32工程基本配置
首先建立基本工程并初始化时钟系统：
选择两个管脚作为模拟I2C协议的管脚：
并配置USB虚拟串口作为打印输出接口：
保存并生成基本工程代码：
STM32工程代码
代码实现HDC1080访问函数，循环读取并打印出HDC1080的设备码，温度和湿度原始数据，温度和湿度的常见格式。
代码里所用的微秒延时函数，参考：STM32 HAL us delay（微秒延时）的指令延时实现方式及优化
代码里所用的浮点转字符处理函数，参考： STM32 UART串口printf函数应用及浮点打印代码空间节省 (HAL)
完整的main.c代码如下：
/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/********************************************************************************* @file : main.c* @brief : Main program body******************************************************************************* @attention** Copyright (c) 2023 STMicroelectronics.* All rights reserved.** This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file* in the root directory of this software component.* If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.********************************************************************************/
//Written by Pegasus Yu in 2023
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include "usb_device.h"/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
#include <string.h>
/* USER CODE END Includes *//* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD */
__IO float usDelayBase;
void PY_usDelayTest(void)
{__IO uint32_t firstms, secondms;__IO uint32_t counter = 0;firstms = HAL_GetTick()+1;secondms = firstms+1;while(uwTick!=firstms) ;while(uwTick!=secondms) counter++;usDelayBase = ((float)counter)/1000;
}void PY_Delay_us_t(uint32_t Delay)
{__IO uint32_t delayReg;__IO uint32_t usNum = (uint32_t)(Delay*usDelayBase);delayReg = 0;while(delayReg!=usNum) delayReg++;
}void PY_usDelayOptimize(void)
{__IO uint32_t firstms, secondms;__IO float coe = 1.0;firstms = HAL_GetTick();PY_Delay_us_t(1000000) ;secondms = HAL_GetTick();coe = ((float)1000)/(secondms-firstms);usDelayBase = coe*usDelayBase;
}void PY_Delay_us(uint32_t Delay)
{__IO uint32_t delayReg;__IO uint32_t msNum = Delay/1000;__IO uint32_t usNum = (uint32_t)((Delay%1000)*usDelayBase);if(msNum>0) HAL_Delay(msNum);delayReg = 0;while(delayReg!=usNum) delayReg++;
}/* USER CODE END PTD *//* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD */
#define us_num 10#define SCL_OUT_H HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOB, GPIO_PIN_0, GPIO_PIN_SET)
#define SCL_OUT_L HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOB, GPIO_PIN_0, GPIO_PIN_RESET)
#define SDA_OUT_H HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOB, GPIO_PIN_1, GPIO_PIN_SET)
#define SDA_OUT_L HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOB, GPIO_PIN_1, GPIO_PIN_RESET)
#define SDA_IN HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOB, GPIO_PIN_1)void I2C_Init(void)
{SDA_OUT_H;SCL_OUT_H;PY_Delay_us_t(1000000) ;
}void I2C_Start(void)
{PY_Delay_us_t(us_num) ;SDA_OUT_H;SCL_OUT_H;PY_Delay_us_t(us_num/2) ;SDA_OUT_L;PY_Delay_us_t(us_num/2) ;SCL_OUT_L;
}void I2C_Stop(void)
{SCL_OUT_L;PY_Delay_us_t(us_num) ;SDA_OUT_L;PY_Delay_us_t(us_num) ;SCL_OUT_H;PY_Delay_us_t(us_num) ;SDA_OUT_H;PY_Delay_us_t(us_num) ;
}void I2C_Write_Ack(void)
{PY_Delay_us_t(us_num/2) ;SDA_OUT_L;PY_Delay_us_t(us_num/2) ;SCL_OUT_H;PY_Delay_us_t(us_num) ;SCL_OUT_L;SDA_OUT_H;}uint8_t I2C_Read_Ack(void)
{uint8_t status=0;SCL_OUT_L;PY_Delay_us_t(us_num/2) ;SDA_OUT_H;PY_Delay_us_t(us_num/2) ;status = SDA_IN;SCL_OUT_H;PY_Delay_us_t(us_num) ;SCL_OUT_L;SDA_OUT_L;return status;}void I2C_Send_Byte(uint8_t txd)
{for(uint8_t i=0;i<8;i++){PY_Delay_us_t(us_num/2) ;if((txd&0x80)>>7) SDA_OUT_H;else SDA_OUT_L;txd<<=1;PY_Delay_us_t(us_num/2) ;SCL_OUT_H;PY_Delay_us_t(us_num) ;SCL_OUT_L;}SDA_OUT_L;
}uint8_t I2C_Read_Byte(unsigned char rdack)
{uint8_t rxd=0;for(uint8_t i=0;i<8;i++ ){SCL_OUT_L;PY_Delay_us_t(us_num/2) ;SDA_OUT_H;PY_Delay_us_t(us_num/2) ;SCL_OUT_H;rxd<<=1;if(SDA_IN) rxd++;PY_Delay_us_t(us_num) ;}SCL_OUT_L;SDA_OUT_H;if (rdack) I2C_Write_Ack();return rxd;
}
void HDC1080_WRITE_REG(uint8_t WrAddr, uint16_t data)
{uint8_t daddr = 0x80; //HDC1080 device address (0x40<<1)I2C_Start();I2C_Send_Byte(daddr);I2C_Read_Ack();I2C_Send_Byte(WrAddr);I2C_Read_Ack();I2C_Send_Byte(data>>8);I2C_Read_Ack();I2C_Send_Byte(data);I2C_Read_Ack();I2C_Stop();}uint16_t HDC1080_READ_REG(uint8_t RdAddr)
{uint8_t D[2];uint8_t daddr = 0x80; //HDC1080 device address (0x40<<1)I2C_Start();I2C_Send_Byte(daddr);I2C_Read_Ack();I2C_Send_Byte(RdAddr);I2C_Read_Ack();I2C_Start();I2C_Send_Byte(daddr+1);I2C_Read_Ack();D[0]=I2C_Read_Byte(1);D[1]=I2C_Read_Byte(0);I2C_Stop();return (D[0]<<8|D[1]);
}uint16_t HDC1080_READ_REG_DEVICE_ID(void)
{return HDC1080_READ_REG(0xFF); //0x1050
}#define Retrieve_Modevoid HDC1080_Heater_Enable(void)
{uint16_t reg_content;reg_content = HDC1080_READ_REG(0x02);reg_content |= 0x2000;HDC1080_WRITE_REG(0x02, reg_content);
}void HDC1080_Heater_Disable(void)
{uint16_t reg_content;reg_content = HDC1080_READ_REG(0x02);reg_content &= 0xdfff;HDC1080_WRITE_REG(0x02, reg_content);
}uint8_t HDC1080_READ_REG_Battery_Vol(void)
{uint16_t reg_content;reg_content = HDC1080_READ_REG(0x02);if(reg_content&0x0800) return 1; //Battery voltage < 2.8V (read only)else return 0; //Battery voltage > 2.8V
}#define OP_Delay_us 20000
void HDC1080_READ_DATA(uint16_t * temperature, uint16_t * moisture)
{uint8_t daddr = 0x80; //HDC1080 device address (0x40<<1)uint8_t D[4];I2C_Start();I2C_Send_Byte(daddr);I2C_Read_Ack();I2C_Send_Byte(0x00);I2C_Read_Ack();I2C_Stop();PY_Delay_us_t(OP_Delay_us); //Conversion Time, RHCT>=6.5ms for 14 bit resolutionI2C_Start();I2C_Send_Byte(daddr+1);I2C_Read_Ack();D[0]=I2C_Read_Byte(1);D[1]=I2C_Read_Byte(1);D[2]=I2C_Read_Byte(1);D[3]=I2C_Read_Byte(0);I2C_Stop();*temperature = (D[0]<<8|D[1]);*moisture = (D[2]<<8|D[3]);}/* USER CODE END PD *//* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM */
/*
*Convert float to string type
*Written by Pegasus Yu in 2022
*stra: string address as mychar from char mychar[];
*float: float input like 12.345
*flen: fraction length as 3 for 12.345
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <math.h>
void py_f2s4printf(char * stra, float x, uint8_t flen)
{uint32_t base;int64_t dn;char mc[32];base = pow(10,flen);dn = x*base;sprintf(stra, "%d.", (int)(dn/base));dn = abs(dn);if(dn%base==0){for(uint8_t j=1;j<=flen;j++){stra = strcat(stra, "0");}return;}else{if(flen==1){sprintf(mc, "%d", (int)(dn%base));stra = strcat(stra, mc);return;}for(uint8_t j=1;j<flen;j++){if((dn%base)<pow(10,j)){for(uint8_t k=1;k<=(flen-j);k++){stra = strcat(stra, "0");}sprintf(mc, "%d", (int)(dn%base));stra = strcat(stra, mc);return;}}sprintf(mc, "%d", (int)(dn%base));stra = strcat(stra, mc);return;}
}/* USER CODE END PM *//* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*//* USER CODE BEGIN PV *//* USER CODE END PV *//* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
static void MX_GPIO_Init(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP *//* USER CODE END PFP *//* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */
char * degree = "°";
/* USER CODE END 0 *//*** @brief The application entry point.* @retval int*/
int main(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */uint16_t DEVID;char console[256];char fconsole[256];uint16_t D_T;uint16_t D_M;float F_T;float F_M;/* USER CODE END 1 *//* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*//* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */HAL_Init();/* USER CODE BEGIN Init *//* USER CODE END Init *//* Configure the system clock */SystemClock_Config();/* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit *//* USER CODE END SysInit *//* Initialize all configured peripherals */MX_GPIO_Init();MX_USB_DEVICE_Init();/* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */PY_usDelayTest();PY_usDelayOptimize();/* USER CODE END 2 *//* Infinite loop *//* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */while (1){DEVID = HDC1080_READ_REG_DEVICE_ID();sprintf(console, "\r\nDevice ID = 0x%x\r\n", DEVID);while(CDC_Transmit_FS((uint8_t* )console, strlen(console))==USBD_BUSY) PY_Delay_us_t(1);PY_Delay_us_t(500000);HDC1080_READ_DATA(&D_T, &D_M);sprintf(console, "\r\nTemperature Read Value = 0x%x\r\nMoisture Read Value = 0x%x", D_T, D_M);while(CDC_Transmit_FS((uint8_t* )console, strlen(console))==USBD_BUSY) PY_Delay_us_t(1);F_T = (float)D_T*165/65536-40;py_f2s4printf(fconsole, F_T, 2);sprintf(console, "\r\nTemperature = %s%s", fconsole, degree);while(CDC_Transmit_FS((uint8_t* )console, strlen(console))==USBD_BUSY) PY_Delay_us_t(1);F_M = (float)D_M*100/65536;py_f2s4printf(fconsole, F_M, 2);sprintf(console, "\r\nMoisture = %s%%\r\n", fconsole);while(CDC_Transmit_FS((uint8_t* )console, strlen(console))==USBD_BUSY) PY_Delay_us_t(1);PY_Delay_us_t(500000);/* USER CODE END WHILE *//* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */}/* USER CODE END 3 */
}/*** @brief System Clock Configuration* @retval None*/
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};RCC_PeriphCLKInitTypeDef PeriphClkInit = {0};/** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters* in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.*/RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE;RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON;RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEPredivValue = RCC_HSE_PREDIV_DIV1;RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLMUL = RCC_PLL_MUL9;if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}/** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks*/RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2;RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_2) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}PeriphClkInit.PeriphClockSelection = RCC_PERIPHCLK_USB;PeriphClkInit.UsbClockSelection = RCC_USBCLKSOURCE_PLL_DIV1_5;if (HAL_RCCEx_PeriphCLKConfig(&PeriphClkInit) != HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}
}/*** @brief GPIO Initialization Function* @param None* @retval None*/
static void MX_GPIO_Init(void)
{GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct = {0};
/* USER CODE BEGIN MX_GPIO_Init_1 */
/* USER CODE END MX_GPIO_Init_1 *//* GPIO Ports Clock Enable */__HAL_RCC_GPIOD_CLK_ENABLE();__HAL_RCC_GPIOB_CLK_ENABLE();__HAL_RCC_GPIOA_CLK_ENABLE();/*Configure GPIO pin Output Level */HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOB, GPIO_PIN_0|GPIO_PIN_1, GPIO_PIN_SET);/*Configure GPIO pins : PB0 PB1 */GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_0|GPIO_PIN_1;GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT_OD;GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_PULLUP;GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_HIGH;HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOB, &GPIO_InitStruct);/* USER CODE BEGIN MX_GPIO_Init_2 */
/* USER CODE END MX_GPIO_Init_2 */
}/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 *//* USER CODE END 4 *//*** @brief This function is executed in case of error occurrence.* @retval None*/
void Error_Handler(void)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug *//* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */__disable_irq();while (1){}/* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}#ifdef USE_FULL_ASSERT
/*** @brief Reports the name of the source file and the source line number* where the assert_param error has occurred.* @param file: pointer to the source file name* @param line: assert_param error line source number* @retval None*/
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{/* USER CODE BEGIN 6 *//* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) *//* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */测试效果
代码的打印输出：
例程下载
STM32F103模拟I2C协议获取HDC1080温湿度传感器数据例程
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