驱动开发：内核特征码扫描PE代码段

在笔者上一篇文章《驱动开发：内核特征码搜索函数封装》中为了定位特征的方便我们封装实现了一个可以传入数组实现的SearchSpecialCode定位函数，该定位函数其实还不能算的上简单，本章LyShark将对特征码定位进行简化，让定位变得更简单，并运用定位代码实现扫描内核PE的.text代码段，并从代码段中得到某个特征所在内存位置。

老样子为了后续教程能够继续，先来定义一个lyshark.h头文件，该头文件中包含了我们本篇文章所必须要使用到的结构体定义，这些定义的函数如果不懂请去看LyShark以前的文章，这里就不罗嗦了。

#include <ntifs.h>
#include <ntimage.h>typedef struct _KLDR_DATA_TABLE_ENTRY
{LIST_ENTRY64 InLoadOrderLinks;ULONG64 __Undefined1;ULONG64 __Undefined2;ULONG64 __Undefined3;ULONG64 NonPagedDebugInfo;ULONG64 DllBase;ULONG64 EntryPoint;ULONG SizeOfImage;UNICODE_STRING FullDllName;UNICODE_STRING BaseDllName;ULONG   Flags;USHORT  LoadCount;USHORT  __Undefined5;ULONG64 __Undefined6;ULONG   CheckSum;ULONG   __padding1;ULONG   TimeDateStamp;ULONG   __padding2;
}KLDR_DATA_TABLE_ENTRY, *PKLDR_DATA_TABLE_ENTRY;typedef struct _RTL_PROCESS_MODULE_INFORMATION
{HANDLE Section;PVOID MappedBase;PVOID ImageBase;ULONG ImageSize;ULONG Flags;USHORT LoadOrderIndex;USHORT InitOrderIndex;USHORT LoadCount;USHORT OffsetToFileName;UCHAR  FullPathName[256];
} RTL_PROCESS_MODULE_INFORMATION, *PRTL_PROCESS_MODULE_INFORMATION;typedef struct _RTL_PROCESS_MODULES
{ULONG NumberOfModules;RTL_PROCESS_MODULE_INFORMATION Modules[1];
} RTL_PROCESS_MODULES, *PRTL_PROCESS_MODULES;typedef enum _SYSTEM_INFORMATION_CLASS
{SystemBasicInformation = 0x0,SystemProcessorInformation = 0x1,SystemPerformanceInformation = 0x2,SystemTimeOfDayInformation = 0x3,SystemPathInformation = 0x4,SystemProcessInformation = 0x5,SystemCallCountInformation = 0x6,SystemDeviceInformation = 0x7,SystemProcessorPerformanceInformation = 0x8,SystemFlagsInformation = 0x9,SystemCallTimeInformation = 0xa,SystemModuleInformation = 0xb,SystemLocksInformation = 0xc,SystemStackTraceInformation = 0xd,SystemPagedPoolInformation = 0xe,SystemNonPagedPoolInformation = 0xf,SystemHandleInformation = 0x10,SystemObjectInformation = 0x11,SystemPageFileInformation = 0x12,SystemVdmInstemulInformation = 0x13,SystemVdmBopInformation = 0x14,SystemFileCacheInformation = 0x15,SystemPoolTagInformation = 0x16,SystemInterruptInformation = 0x17,SystemDpcBehaviorInformation = 0x18,SystemFullMemoryInformation = 0x19,SystemLoadGdiDriverInformation = 0x1a,SystemUnloadGdiDriverInformation = 0x1b,SystemTimeAdjustmentInformation = 0x1c,SystemSummaryMemoryInformation = 0x1d,SystemMirrorMemoryInformation = 0x1e,SystemPerformanceTraceInformation = 0x1f,SystemObsolete0 = 0x20,SystemExceptionInformation = 0x21,SystemCrashDumpStateInformation = 0x22,SystemKernelDebuggerInformation = 0x23,SystemContextSwitchInformation = 0x24,SystemRegistryQuotaInformation = 0x25,SystemExtendServiceTableInformation = 0x26,SystemPrioritySeperation = 0x27,SystemVerifierAddDriverInformation = 0x28,SystemVerifierRemoveDriverInformation = 0x29,SystemProcessorIdleInformation = 0x2a,SystemLegacyDriverInformation = 0x2b,SystemCurrentTimeZoneInformation = 0x2c,SystemLookasideInformation = 0x2d,SystemTimeSlipNotification = 0x2e,SystemSessionCreate = 0x2f,SystemSessionDetach = 0x30,SystemSessionInformation = 0x31,SystemRangeStartInformation = 0x32,SystemVerifierInformation = 0x33,SystemVerifierThunkExtend = 0x34,SystemSessionProcessInformation = 0x35,SystemLoadGdiDriverInSystemSpace = 0x36,SystemNumaProcessorMap = 0x37,SystemPrefetcherInformation = 0x38,SystemExtendedProcessInformation = 0x39,SystemRecommendedSharedDataAlignment = 0x3a,SystemComPlusPackage = 0x3b,SystemNumaAvailableMemory = 0x3c,SystemProcessorPowerInformation = 0x3d,SystemEmulationBasicInformation = 0x3e,SystemEmulationProcessorInformation = 0x3f,SystemExtendedHandleInformation = 0x40,SystemLostDelayedWriteInformation = 0x41,SystemBigPoolInformation = 0x42,SystemSessionPoolTagInformation = 0x43,SystemSessionMappedViewInformation = 0x44,SystemHotpatchInformation = 0x45,SystemObjectSecurityMode = 0x46,SystemWatchdogTimerHandler = 0x47,SystemWatchdogTimerInformation = 0x48,SystemLogicalProcessorInformation = 0x49,SystemWow64SharedInformationObsolete = 0x4a,SystemRegisterFirmwareTableInformationHandler = 0x4b,SystemFirmwareTableInformation = 0x4c,SystemModuleInformationEx = 0x4d,SystemVerifierTriageInformation = 0x4e,SystemSuperfetchInformation = 0x4f,SystemMemoryListInformation = 0x50,SystemFileCacheInformationEx = 0x51,SystemThreadPriorityClientIdInformation = 0x52,SystemProcessorIdleCycleTimeInformation = 0x53,SystemVerifierCancellationInformation = 0x54,SystemProcessorPowerInformationEx = 0x55,SystemRefTraceInformation = 0x56,SystemSpecialPoolInformation = 0x57,SystemProcessIdInformation = 0x58,SystemErrorPortInformation = 0x59,SystemBootEnvironmentInformation = 0x5a,SystemHypervisorInformation = 0x5b,SystemVerifierInformationEx = 0x5c,SystemTimeZoneInformation = 0x5d,SystemImageFileExecutionOptionsInformation = 0x5e,SystemCoverageInformation = 0x5f,SystemPrefetchPatchInformation = 0x60,SystemVerifierFaultsInformation = 0x61,SystemSystemPartitionInformation = 0x62,SystemSystemDiskInformation = 0x63,SystemProcessorPerformanceDistribution = 0x64,SystemNumaProximityNodeInformation = 0x65,SystemDynamicTimeZoneInformation = 0x66,SystemCodeIntegrityInformation = 0x67,SystemProcessorMicrocodeUpdateInformation = 0x68,SystemProcessorBrandString = 0x69,SystemVirtualAddressInformation = 0x6a,SystemLogicalProcessorAndGroupInformation = 0x6b,SystemProcessorCycleTimeInformation = 0x6c,SystemStoreInformation = 0x6d,SystemRegistryAppendString = 0x6e,SystemAitSamplingValue = 0x6f,SystemVhdBootInformation = 0x70,SystemCpuQuotaInformation = 0x71,SystemNativeBasicInformation = 0x72,SystemErrorPortTimeouts = 0x73,SystemLowPriorityIoInformation = 0x74,SystemBootEntropyInformation = 0x75,SystemVerifierCountersInformation = 0x76,SystemPagedPoolInformationEx = 0x77,SystemSystemPtesInformationEx = 0x78,SystemNodeDistanceInformation = 0x79,SystemAcpiAuditInformation = 0x7a,SystemBasicPerformanceInformation = 0x7b,SystemQueryPerformanceCounterInformation = 0x7c,SystemSessionBigPoolInformation = 0x7d,SystemBootGraphicsInformation = 0x7e,SystemScrubPhysicalMemoryInformation = 0x7f,SystemBadPageInformation = 0x80,SystemProcessorProfileControlArea = 0x81,SystemCombinePhysicalMemoryInformation = 0x82,SystemEntropyInterruptTimingInformation = 0x83,SystemConsoleInformation = 0x84,SystemPlatformBinaryInformation = 0x85,SystemThrottleNotificationInformation = 0x86,SystemHypervisorProcessorCountInformation = 0x87,SystemDeviceDataInformation = 0x88,SystemDeviceDataEnumerationInformation = 0x89,SystemMemoryTopologyInformation = 0x8a,SystemMemoryChannelInformation = 0x8b,SystemBootLogoInformation = 0x8c,SystemProcessorPerformanceInformationEx = 0x8d,SystemSpare0 = 0x8e,SystemSecureBootPolicyInformation = 0x8f,SystemPageFileInformationEx = 0x90,SystemSecureBootInformation = 0x91,SystemEntropyInterruptTimingRawInformation = 0x92,SystemPortableWorkspaceEfiLauncherInformation = 0x93,SystemFullProcessInformation = 0x94,SystemKernelDebuggerInformationEx = 0x95,SystemBootMetadataInformation = 0x96,SystemSoftRebootInformation = 0x97,SystemElamCertificateInformation = 0x98,SystemOfflineDumpConfigInformation = 0x99,SystemProcessorFeaturesInformation = 0x9a,SystemRegistryReconciliationInformation = 0x9b,MaxSystemInfoClass = 0x9c,
} SYSTEM_INFORMATION_CLASS;// 声明函数
// By: Lyshark.com
NTSYSAPI PIMAGE_NT_HEADERS NTAPI RtlImageNtHeader(_In_ PVOID Base);
NTSTATUS NTAPI ZwQuerySystemInformation(SYSTEM_INFORMATION_CLASS SystemInformationClass, PVOID SystemInformation, ULONG SystemInformationLength, PULONG ReturnLength);typedef VOID(__cdecl *PMiProcessLoaderEntry)(PKLDR_DATA_TABLE_ENTRY section, IN LOGICAL Insert);
typedef NTSTATUS(*NTQUERYSYSTEMINFORMATION)(IN ULONG SystemInformationClass, OUT PVOID SystemInformation, IN ULONG_PTR SystemInformationLength, OUT PULONG_PTR ReturnLength OPTIONAL);

我们继续，首先实现特征码字符串的解析与扫描实现此处UtilLySharkSearchPattern函数就是LyShark封装过的，这里依次介绍一下参数传递的含义。

pattern 用于传入一段字符串特征值(以\x开头)
len 代表输入特征码长度(除去\x后的长度)
base 代表扫描内存的基地址
size 代表需要向下扫描的长度
ppFound 代表扫描到首地址以后返回的内存地址

这段代码该如何使用，如下我们以定位IoInitializeTimer为例，演示UtilLySharkSearchPattern如何定位特征的，如下代码pattern变量中就是我们需要定位的特征值，pattern_size则是需要定位的特征码长度，在address地址位置向下扫描128字节，找到则返回到find_address变量内。

// 署名
// PowerBy: LyShark
// Email: me@lyshark.com
#include "lyshark.h"PVOID GetIoInitializeTimerAddress()
{PVOID VariableAddress = 0;UNICODE_STRING uioiTime = { 0 };RtlInitUnicodeString(&uioiTime, L"IoInitializeTimer");VariableAddress = (PVOID)MmGetSystemRoutineAddress(&uioiTime);if (VariableAddress != 0){return VariableAddress;}return 0;
}// 对指定内存执行特征码扫描
NTSTATUS UtilLySharkSearchPattern(IN PUCHAR pattern, IN ULONG_PTR len, IN const VOID* base, IN ULONG_PTR size, OUT PVOID* ppFound)
{// 计算匹配长度// LyShark.com 特征码扫描NT_ASSERT(ppFound != 0 && pattern != 0 && base != 0);if (ppFound == 0 || pattern == 0 || base == 0){return STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER;}__try{for (ULONG_PTR i = 0; i < size - len; i++){BOOLEAN found = TRUE;for (ULONG_PTR j = 0; j < len; j++){if (pattern[j] != ((PUCHAR)base)[i + j]){found = FALSE;break;}}if (found != FALSE){*ppFound = (PUCHAR)base + i;DbgPrint("[LyShark.com] 特征码匹配地址: %p \n", (PUCHAR)base + i);return STATUS_SUCCESS;}}}__except (EXCEPTION_EXECUTE_HANDLER){return STATUS_UNHANDLED_EXCEPTION;}return STATUS_NOT_FOUND;
}VOID UnDriver(PDRIVER_OBJECT driver)
{DbgPrint(("Uninstall Driver Is OK \n"));
}NTSTATUS DriverEntry(IN PDRIVER_OBJECT Driver, PUNICODE_STRING RegistryPath)
{DbgPrint(("hello lyshark.com \n"));// 返回匹配长度5CHAR pattern[] = "\x48\x89\x6c\x24\x10";PVOID *find_address = NULL;int pattern_size = sizeof(pattern) - 1;DbgPrint("匹配长度: %d \n", pattern_size);// 得到基地址PVOID address = GetIoInitializeTimerAddress();// 扫描特征NTSTATUS nt = UtilLySharkSearchPattern((PUCHAR)pattern, pattern_size, address, 128, &find_address);DbgPrint("[LyShark 返回地址 => ] 0x%p \n", (ULONG64)find_address);Driver->DriverUnload = UnDriver;return STATUS_SUCCESS;
}

运行驱动程序完成特征定位，并对比定位效果。

如上述所示定位函数我们已经封装好了，相信你也能感受到这种方式要比使用数组更方便，为了能定位到内核PE结构我们需要使用RtlImageNtHeader来解析，这个内核函数专门用来得到内核程序的PE头部结构的，在下方案例中首先我们使用封装过的LySharkToolsUtilKernelBase函数拿到内核基址，如果你不懂函数实现细节请阅读《驱动开发：内核取ntoskrnl模块基地址》这篇文章，拿到基址以后可以直接使用RtlImageNtHeader对其PE头部进行解析，如下所示。

// 署名
// PowerBy: LyShark
// Email: me@lyshark.com
#include "lyshark.h"// 定义全局变量
static PVOID g_KernelBase = 0;
static ULONG g_KernelSize = 0;// 得到KernelBase基地址
// lyshark.com
PVOID LySharkToolsUtilKernelBase(OUT PULONG pSize)
{NTSTATUS status = STATUS_SUCCESS;ULONG bytes = 0;PRTL_PROCESS_MODULES pMods = 0;PVOID checkPtr = 0;UNICODE_STRING routineName;if (g_KernelBase != 0){if (pSize){*pSize = g_KernelSize;}return g_KernelBase;}RtlInitUnicodeString(&routineName, L"NtOpenFile");checkPtr = MmGetSystemRoutineAddress(&routineName);if (checkPtr == 0)return 0;__try{status = ZwQuerySystemInformation(SystemModuleInformation, 0, bytes, &bytes);if (bytes == 0){return 0;}pMods = (PRTL_PROCESS_MODULES)ExAllocatePoolWithTag(NonPagedPoolNx, bytes, L"LyShark");RtlZeroMemory(pMods, bytes);status = ZwQuerySystemInformation(SystemModuleInformation, pMods, bytes, &bytes);if (NT_SUCCESS(status)){PRTL_PROCESS_MODULE_INFORMATION pMod = pMods->Modules;for (ULONG i = 0; i < pMods->NumberOfModules; i++){if (checkPtr >= pMod[i].ImageBase && checkPtr < (PVOID)((PUCHAR)pMod[i].ImageBase + pMod[i].ImageSize)){g_KernelBase = pMod[i].ImageBase;g_KernelSize = pMod[i].ImageSize;if (pSize){*pSize = g_KernelSize;}break;}}}}__except (EXCEPTION_EXECUTE_HANDLER){return 0;}if (pMods){ExFreePoolWithTag(pMods, L"LyShark");}DbgPrint("KernelBase = > %p \n", g_KernelBase);return g_KernelBase;
}VOID UnDriver(PDRIVER_OBJECT driver)
{DbgPrint(("Uninstall Driver Is OK \n"));
}NTSTATUS DriverEntry(IN PDRIVER_OBJECT Driver, PUNICODE_STRING RegistryPath)
{DbgPrint(("hello lyshark.com \n"));// 获取内核第一个模块的基地址PVOID base = LySharkToolsUtilKernelBase(0);if (!base)return STATUS_NOT_FOUND;// 得到NT头部PE32+结构// lyshark.comPIMAGE_NT_HEADERS64 pHdr = RtlImageNtHeader(base);if (!pHdr)return STATUS_INVALID_IMAGE_FORMAT;// 首先寻找代码段PIMAGE_SECTION_HEADER pFirstSection = (PIMAGE_SECTION_HEADER)(pHdr + 1);for (PIMAGE_SECTION_HEADER pSection = pFirstSection; pSection < pFirstSection + pHdr->FileHeader.NumberOfSections; pSection++){ANSI_STRING LySharkSection, LySharkName;RtlInitAnsiString(&LySharkSection, ".text");RtlInitAnsiString(&LySharkName, (PCCHAR)pSection->Name);DbgPrint("[LyShark.PE] 名字: %Z | 地址: %p | 长度: %d \n", LySharkName, (PUCHAR)base + pSection->VirtualAddress, pSection->Misc.VirtualSize);}Driver->DriverUnload = UnDriver;return STATUS_SUCCESS;
}

运行这段驱动程序，你会得到当前内核的所有PE节信息，枚举效果如下所示。

既然能够得到PE头部数据了，那么我们只需要扫描这段空间并得到匹配到的数据即可，其实很容易实现，如下代码所示。

// 署名
// PowerBy: LyShark
// Email: me@lyshark.com
#include "lyshark.h"// 定义全局变量
static PVOID g_KernelBase = 0;
static ULONG g_KernelSize = 0;// 得到KernelBase基地址
// lyshark.com
PVOID LySharkToolsUtilKernelBase(OUT PULONG pSize)
{NTSTATUS status = STATUS_SUCCESS;ULONG bytes = 0;PRTL_PROCESS_MODULES pMods = 0;PVOID checkPtr = 0;UNICODE_STRING routineName;if (g_KernelBase != 0){if (pSize){*pSize = g_KernelSize;}return g_KernelBase;}RtlInitUnicodeString(&routineName, L"NtOpenFile");checkPtr = MmGetSystemRoutineAddress(&routineName);if (checkPtr == 0)return 0;__try{status = ZwQuerySystemInformation(SystemModuleInformation, 0, bytes, &bytes);if (bytes == 0){return 0;}pMods = (PRTL_PROCESS_MODULES)ExAllocatePoolWithTag(NonPagedPoolNx, bytes, L"LyShark");RtlZeroMemory(pMods, bytes);status = ZwQuerySystemInformation(SystemModuleInformation, pMods, bytes, &bytes);if (NT_SUCCESS(status)){PRTL_PROCESS_MODULE_INFORMATION pMod = pMods->Modules;for (ULONG i = 0; i < pMods->NumberOfModules; i++){if (checkPtr >= pMod[i].ImageBase && checkPtr < (PVOID)((PUCHAR)pMod[i].ImageBase + pMod[i].ImageSize)){g_KernelBase = pMod[i].ImageBase;g_KernelSize = pMod[i].ImageSize;if (pSize){*pSize = g_KernelSize;}break;}}}}__except (EXCEPTION_EXECUTE_HANDLER){return 0;}if (pMods){ExFreePoolWithTag(pMods, L"LyShark");}DbgPrint("KernelBase = > %p \n", g_KernelBase);return g_KernelBase;
}// 对指定内存执行特征码扫描
NTSTATUS UtilLySharkSearchPattern(IN PUCHAR pattern, IN UCHAR wildcard, IN ULONG_PTR len, IN const VOID* base, IN ULONG_PTR size, OUT PVOID* ppFound)
{NT_ASSERT(ppFound != 0 && pattern != 0 && base != 0);if (ppFound == 0 || pattern == 0 || base == 0){return STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER;}__try{for (ULONG_PTR i = 0; i < size - len; i++){BOOLEAN found = TRUE;for (ULONG_PTR j = 0; j < len; j++){if (pattern[j] != wildcard && pattern[j] != ((PUCHAR)base)[i + j]){found = FALSE;break;}}if (found != FALSE){*ppFound = (PUCHAR)base + i;DbgPrint("[LyShark] 特征码匹配地址: %p \n", (PUCHAR)base + i);return STATUS_SUCCESS;}}}__except (EXCEPTION_EXECUTE_HANDLER){return STATUS_UNHANDLED_EXCEPTION;}return STATUS_NOT_FOUND;
}// 扫描代码段中的指令片段
NTSTATUS ByLySharkComUtilScanSection(IN PCCHAR section, IN PUCHAR pattern, IN UCHAR wildcard, IN ULONG_PTR len, OUT PVOID* ppFound)
{NT_ASSERT(ppFound != 0);if (ppFound == 0)return STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER;// 获取内核第一个模块的基地址PVOID base = LySharkToolsUtilKernelBase(0);if (!base)return STATUS_NOT_FOUND;// 得到NT头部PE32+结构PIMAGE_NT_HEADERS64 pHdr = RtlImageNtHeader(base);if (!pHdr)return STATUS_INVALID_IMAGE_FORMAT;// 首先寻找代码段PIMAGE_SECTION_HEADER pFirstSection = (PIMAGE_SECTION_HEADER)(pHdr + 1);for (PIMAGE_SECTION_HEADER pSection = pFirstSection; pSection < pFirstSection + pHdr->FileHeader.NumberOfSections; pSection++){ANSI_STRING LySharkSection, LySharkText;RtlInitAnsiString(&LySharkSection, section);RtlInitAnsiString(&LySharkText, (PCCHAR)pSection->Name);// 判断是不是我们要找的.text节if (RtlCompareString(&LySharkSection, &LySharkText, TRUE) == 0){// 如果是则开始匹配特征码return UtilLySharkSearchPattern(pattern, wildcard, len, (PUCHAR)base + pSection->VirtualAddress, pSection->Misc.VirtualSize, ppFound);}}return STATUS_NOT_FOUND;
}VOID UnDriver(PDRIVER_OBJECT driver)
{DbgPrint(("Uninstall Driver Is OK \n"));
}NTSTATUS DriverEntry(IN PDRIVER_OBJECT Driver, PUNICODE_STRING RegistryPath)
{DbgPrint("hello lyshark.com \n");PMiProcessLoaderEntry m_MiProcessLoaderEntry = NULL;RTL_OSVERSIONINFOW Version = { 0 };Version.dwOSVersionInfoSize = sizeof(Version);RtlGetVersion(&Version);//获取内核版本号DbgPrint("主版本: %d -->次版本: %d --> 编译版本: %d", Version.dwMajorVersion, Version.dwMinorVersion, Version.dwBuildNumber);if (Version.dwMajorVersion == 10){// 如果是 win10 18363 则匹配特征if (Version.dwBuildNumber == 18363){CHAR pattern[] = "\x48\x89\x5c\x24\x08";int pattern_size = sizeof(pattern) - 1;ByLySharkComUtilScanSection(".text", (PUCHAR)pattern, 0xCC, pattern_size, (PVOID *)&m_MiProcessLoaderEntry);DbgPrint("[LyShark] 输出首地址: %p", m_MiProcessLoaderEntry);}}Driver->DriverUnload = UnDriver;return STATUS_SUCCESS;
}