计算机网络配置——路由器的配置

一、实验目的和任务

学习路由器的基本工作原理；
进行路由器命令的操作练习；
进行路由策略的设置。

二、实验原理介绍

重点：路由器和交换机的区别；

路由器功能——实现网络互连，包括存储、转发、寻径；

1、路由器的工作过程

2、路由器的配置模式

1）普通用户模式；

2）特权用户模式；

3）全局配置模式；

4）接口配置模式；

5）路由协议配置模式；

二、路由器的基本配置

实现如下图所示的网络拓扑配置：

三、设计代码（或原理图）、仿真波形及分析

网络拓扑结构如下图所示：

R2配置如下：（有解释）

Would you like to enter the initial configuration dialog? [yes/no]: nPress RETURN to get started!Router>en
Router#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#hostname R2 //命名
R2(config)#int f0/0        //进入以太网接口
R2(config-if)#ip add 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 //给接口fa0/0设置网关 子网掩码
R2(config-if)#no shutdown            //激活接口R2(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to upR2(config-if)#ex
R2(config)#int s0/0/0    //串行接口
R2(config-if)#clock rate 64000    //设置波特率（路由器没锁定时可自由设置）
This command applies only to DCE interfaces
R2(config-if)#ip add 192.168.6.1 255.255.255.0  //给接口s0/0/0设置网关 子网掩码
R2(config-if)#no shutdown%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0/0/0, changed state to down
R2(config-if)#ex
R2(config)#ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.6.2    //设置静态路由
R2(config)#end    //配置结束
R2#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by consoleR2#sh ip int brief //查看接口配置
Interface              IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol 
FastEthernet0/0        192.168.1.1     YES manual up                    up 
FastEthernet0/1        unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down 
Serial0/0/0            192.168.6.1     YES manual down                  down 
Serial0/0/1            unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down 
Vlan1                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down downR2#sh ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGPD - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter areaN1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGPi - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODRP - periodic downloaded static routeGateway of last resort is not setC    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0//*******在配置R3时，R2会[自动]执行下面部分指令*****//
R2#
R2#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
R2(config)#interface Serial0/0/0
R2(config-if)#
R2(config-if)#exit
R2(config)#interface FastEthernet0/1
R2(config-if)#
R2(config-if)#exit
R2(config)#interface Serial0/0/1
R2(config-if)#
R2(config-if)#exit
R2(config)#interface Serial0/0/0
R2(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0/0/0, changed state to up%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/0/0, changed state to upR2(config-if)#end
R2(config-if)#end
R2#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console//******配置完R3后，回到R2执行下面命令,即可到静态路由表*********//
R2#sh ip route //查看路由表
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGPD - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter areaN1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGPi - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODRP - periodic downloaded static routeGateway of last resort is not setC    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0       //前面地址为目的网络，后面Fa...为通往目的网络的接口
S    192.168.2.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.6.2
C    192.168.6.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0R2#
//Codes表示路由项生成的方式，C表示直连路由；S表示静态路由；R表示RIP协议生成；O表示OPSF协议生成。R2>en
R2#sh int f0/0        //查看具体接口的信息
FastEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up (connected)Hardware is Lance, address is 0010.11e0.9d01 (bia 0010.11e0.9d01) //接口物理地址Internet address is 192.168.1.1/24                       //接口IP地址MTU 1500 bytes, BW 100000 Kbit, DLY 100 usec,            //BW为带宽；DLY为延时reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not setFull-duplex, 100Mb/s, media type is RJ45ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 04:00:00, Last input 00:00:08, output 00:00:05, output hang neverLast clearing of "show interface" counters neverInput queue: 0/75/0 (size/max/drops); Total output drops: 0Queueing strategy: fifoOutput queue :0/40 (size/max)5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec5 minute output rate 5 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec12 packets input, 1536 bytes, 0 no bufferReceived 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort0 input packets with dribble condition detected12 packets output, 1212 bytes, 0 underruns0 output errors, 0 collisions, 1 interface resets0 babbles, 0 late collision, 0 deferred0 lost carrier, 0 no carrier0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out

R3配置如下：（解释类同R2）

Would you like to enter the initial configuration dialog? [yes/no]: nPress RETURN to get started!Router>en
Router#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#hostname R2
R2(config)#hostname R3
R3(config)#int f0/0
R3(config-if)#ip addr 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#no shutdownR3(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to upR3(config-if)#int s0/0/0
R3(config-if)#ip addr 192.168.6.2 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#no shutdownR3(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0/0/0, changed state to upR3(config-if)#
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/0/0, changed state to upR3(config-if)#ex
R3(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.6.1
R3(config)#end
R3#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by consoleR3#sh ip int brief
Interface              IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol 
FastEthernet0/0        192.168.2.1     YES manual up                    up 
FastEthernet0/1        unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down 
Serial0/0/0            192.168.6.2     YES manual up                    up 
Serial0/0/1            unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down 
Vlan1                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down
R3#sh ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGPD - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter areaN1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGPi - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODRP - periodic downloaded static routeGateway of last resort is not setS    192.168.1.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.6.1
C    192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
C    192.168.6.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0R3#

PC0连接PC1：