traceroute 命令跟踪路由

它由遍布全球的几万局域网和数百万台计算机组成，并通过用于异构网络的TCP/IP协议进行网间通信。互联网中，信息的传送是通过网中许多段的传输介质和设备（路由器，交换机，服务器，网关等等）从一端到达另一端。每一个连接在Internet上的设备，如主机、路由器、接入服务器等一般情况下都会有一个独立的IP地址。通过Traceroute我们可以知道信息从你的计算机到互联网另一端的主机是走的什么路径。当然每次数据包由某一同样的出发点（source）到达某一同样的目的地(destination)走的路径可能会不一样，但基本上来说大部分时候所走的路由是相同的。UNIX系统中，我们称之为Traceroute，MS Windows中为Tracert。 Traceroute通过发送小的数据包到目的设备直到其返回，来测量其需要多长时间。一条路径上的每个设备Traceroute要测3次。输出结果中包括每次测试的时间(ms)和设备的名称（如有的话）及其IP地址。

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使用鲲鹏云服务器跟踪路由

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系统版本
Huawei Cloud EulerOS 2.0 64bit
Huawei Cloud EulerOS 2.0 Standard 64 bit for ARM

一、traceroute是什么

traceroute (Windows 系统下是tracert) 命令利用ICMP 协议定位您的计算机和目标计算机之间的所有路由器。TTL 值可以反映数据包经过的路由器或网关的数量，通过操纵独立ICMP 呼叫报文的TTL 值和观察该报文被抛弃的返回信息，traceroute命令能够遍历到数据包传输路径上的所有路由器。

二、使用步骤

1.安装

yum install traceroute -y

路由网站(网站google)

[root@ecs-9a9e ~]# traceroute www.google.com
traceroute to www.google.com (142.250.204.100), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets1  100.88.0.1 (100.88.0.1)  11.415 ms  11.207 ms  11.316 ms2  10.231.8.209 (10.231.8.209)  9.601 ms  10.033 ms  10.210 ms3  11.92.129.61 (11.92.129.61)  5.920 ms 11.92.129.41 (11.92.129.41)  6.781 ms  6.851 ms4  * * *5  * * *6  * * *7  * * *8  * * *9  11.92.1.98 (11.92.1.98)  1.564 ms 11.92.129.138 (11.92.129.138)  1.458 ms 11.92.129.146 (11.92.129.146)  0.947 ms
10  * * *
11  172.16.12.38 (172.16.12.38)  1.512 ms 172.16.12.42 (172.16.12.42)  1.911 ms 172.16.12.38 (172.16.12.38)  1.974 ms
12  15169.hkg.equinix.com (36.255.56.12)  2.931 ms  2.516 ms 15169-hk2-ix.equinix.com (36.255.56.55)  2.083 ms
13  108.170.241.1 (108.170.241.1)  2.897 ms  3.517 ms  3.237 ms
14  209.85.143.37 (209.85.143.37)  2.137 ms  2.472 ms  2.010 ms
15  hkg07s40-in-f4.1e100.net (142.250.204.100)  3.249 ms  2.904 ms  2.491 ms
[root@ecs-9a9e ~]# 

路由网站(网站apple)

[root@ecs-9a9e ~]# traceroute www.apple.com
traceroute to www.apple.com (184.31.28.223), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets1  100.88.0.1 (100.88.0.1)  10.363 ms  10.719 ms  10.822 ms2  10.231.8.209 (10.231.8.209)  13.381 ms  13.568 ms  13.140 ms3  11.92.129.61 (11.92.129.61)  6.155 ms  6.261 ms 11.92.129.41 (11.92.129.41)  5.770 ms4  * * *5  * * *6  * * *7  * * *8  * * *9  11.92.129.138 (11.92.129.138)  1.570 ms 11.92.1.90 (11.92.1.90)  1.562 ms 11.92.129.154 (11.92.129.154)  0.885 ms
10  * * *
11  172.16.12.46 (172.16.12.46)  2.211 ms 172.16.12.38 (172.16.12.38)  1.610 ms 172.16.12.50 (172.16.12.50)  1.568 ms
12  * * *
13  a184-31-28-223.deploy.static.akamaitechnologies.com (184.31.28.223)  2.554 ms  2.520 ms  2.095 ms
[root@ecs-9a9e ~]# 

路由网站(网站白宫)

[root@ecs-9a9e ~]# traceroute www.whitehouse.gov
traceroute to www.whitehouse.gov (192.0.66.168), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets1  100.88.0.1 (100.88.0.1)  12.497 ms  12.482 ms  12.545 ms2  10.231.8.209 (10.231.8.209)  7.994 ms  7.874 ms  8.095 ms3  11.92.129.41 (11.92.129.41)  6.049 ms  6.153 ms 11.92.129.61 (11.92.129.61)  5.197 ms4  * * *5  * * *6  * * *7  * * *8  * * *9  11.92.1.150 (11.92.1.150)  1.498 ms 11.92.1.98 (11.92.1.98)  1.519 ms 11.92.1.142 (11.92.1.142)  1.336 ms
10  * * *
11  172.16.12.42 (172.16.12.42)  1.834 ms 172.16.12.50 (172.16.12.50)  2.018 ms 172.16.12.42 (172.16.12.42)  1.931 ms
12  automattic1-10g.hkix.net (123.255.90.71)  2.344 ms 2635.hkg.equinix.com (36.255.56.43)  2.004 ms  1.946 ms
13  * * *
14  * * *
15  * * *
16  * * *
17  * * *
18  * * *
19  * * *
20  * * *
21  * * *
22  * * *
23  * * *
24  * * *
25  * * *
26  * * *
27  * * *
28  * * *
29  * * *
30  * * *
[root@ecs-9a9e ~]# 

路由网站(指定IP)

[root@ecs-9a9e ~]# traceroute  112.80.248.76
traceroute to 112.80.248.76 (112.80.248.76), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets1  100.88.0.1 (100.88.0.1)  8.532 ms  8.545 ms  8.694 ms2  10.231.8.209 (10.231.8.209)  9.887 ms  10.139 ms  9.979 ms3  11.92.129.61 (11.92.129.61)  5.371 ms 11.92.129.41 (11.92.129.41)  6.404 ms  6.510 ms4  * * *5  * * *6  * * *7  * * *8  * * *9  11.92.1.150 (11.92.1.150)  1.509 ms 11.92.1.142 (11.92.1.142)  1.318 ms 11.92.129.94 (11.92.129.94)  1.379 ms
10  * * *
11  172.16.12.42 (172.16.12.42)  2.032 ms 172.16.12.38 (172.16.12.38)  1.509 ms 172.16.12.42 (172.16.12.42)  1.866 ms
12  61.14.203.125 (61.14.203.125)  2.591 ms 202.77.18.177 (202.77.18.177)  4.266 ms 61.14.203.125 (61.14.203.125)  3.031 ms
13  * * 61.14.201.77 (61.14.201.77)  7.715 ms
14  61.14.201.73 (61.14.201.73)  7.385 ms 61.14.201.177 (61.14.201.177)  5.837 ms 61.14.201.197 (61.14.201.197)  6.509 ms
15  61.14.201.197 (61.14.201.197)  5.488 ms 43.252.86.129 (43.252.86.129)  8.449 ms 43.252.86.65 (43.252.86.65)  4.730 ms
16  219.158.10.49 (219.158.10.49)  8.141 ms 43.252.86.129 (43.252.86.129)  5.333 ms  4.247 ms
17  219.158.10.49 (219.158.10.49)  14.846 ms 219.158.103.29 (219.158.103.29)  16.603 ms  20.301 ms
18  * 219.158.103.29 (219.158.103.29)  12.291 ms  12.248 ms
19  * * *
20  219.158.101.182 (219.158.101.182)  37.866 ms 219.158.109.58 (219.158.109.58)  37.351 ms 153.3.228.198 (153.3.228.198)  41.758 ms
21  153.3.228.190 (153.3.228.190)  41.571 ms 153.37.96.242 (153.37.96.242)  42.889 ms 153.37.96.130 (153.37.96.130)  44.057 ms
22  153.37.96.242 (153.37.96.242)  42.832 ms 153.37.96.130 (153.37.96.130)  40.945 ms 153.37.96.242 (153.37.96.242)  43.415 ms
23  * * 182.61.216.0 (182.61.216.0)  36.292 ms
24  * * *
25  * * *
26  * * *
27  * * *
28  * * *
29  * * *
30  * * *
[root@ecs-9a9e ~]# 

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