Oracle? Database Administrator's Guide
11g Release 2 (11.2)
E25494-05
3 Starting Up and Shutting Down
一、Starting Up a Database
数据库启动时读取平台默认位置上参数的顺序;
spfileORACLE_SID.ora
spfile.ora
initORACLE_SID.ora
数据库启动读取指定位置的参数文件:
SQLPLUS方式:
STARTUP PFILE = /u01/oracle/dbs/init.ora
SRVCTL方式:
(1):srvctl modify database -d db_unique_name -p spfile_path
(2):srvctl start database -d db_unique_name [options]
数据库启动可选择的状态
NOMOUNT—Start the instance without mounting a database. This does not allow access to the database and usually would be done only for database creation or the re-creation of control files.
MOUNT—Start the instance and mount the database, but leave it closed. This state allows for certain DBA activities, but does not allow general access to the database.
OPEN—Start the instance, and mount and open the database. This can be done in unrestricted mode, allowing access to all users, or in restricted mode, allowing access for database administrators only.
FORCE—Force the instance to start after a startup or shutdown problem.类似shutdown abort然后startup;
OPEN RECOVER—Start the instance and have complete media recovery begin immediately.
各种启动状态命令
open
SQL*PLUS:STARTUP
SRVCTL:srvctl start database -d db_unique_name
NOMOUNT
SQLPLUS:STARTUP NOMOUNT
SRVCTL:srvctl start database -d db_unique_name -o nomount
MOUNT
SQLPLUS:STARTUP MOUNT
SRVCTL:srvctl start database -d db_unique_name -o mount
RESTRICT
SQLPLUS:STARTUP RESTRICT
SRVCTL:srvctl start database -d db_unique_name -o restrict
在mount, nomount, and open 模式下都可切换RESTRICT模式;
切换到正常模式:ALTER SYSTEM DISABLE RESTRICTED SESSION;
切换到RESTRICT模式:ALTER SYSTEM ENABLE RESTRICTED SESSION
FORCE
SQLPLUS:STARTUP FORCE
SRVCTL:srvctl start database -d db_unique_name -o force
RECOVER
SQLPLUS:STARTUP OPEN RECOVER
SRVCTL:srvctl start database -d db_unique_name -o "open,recover"
二、Altering Database Availability
STARTUP NOMOUNT;
ALTER DATABASE MOUNT;
ALTER DATABASE OPEN;
ALTER DATABASE OPEN READ ONLY;
ALTER DATABASE OPEN READ WRITE;
三、Shutting Down a Database
关闭数据库各种方式
Normal Mode
SQL*Plus:SHUTDOWN [NORMAL] ---默认
SRVCTL:srvctl stop database -d db_unique_name -o normal ---默认是immediate
Immediate Mode
SQL*Plus:SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE
SRVCTL:srvctl stop database -d db_unique_name -o immediate
Transactional Mode
SQL*Plus:SHUTDOWN TRANSACTIONAL
SRVCTL:srvctl stop database -d db_unique_name -o transactional
Abort Mode
SQL*Plus:SHUTDOWN ABORT
SRVCTL:srvctl stop database -d db_unique_name -o abort
四、Quiescing a Database
停顿一个数据库是一个较小的限制,因为它消除了中断用户和相关的停机关闭和重新启动数据库。
此模式只允许DBA进行查询、调用、获取,只允许sys或system操作进入该模式,其他用户即使有dba权限也不行;
进入停顿状态命令:
ALTER SYSTEM QUIESCE RESTRICTED;
执行该命令后,所有非DBA用户的进程执行完后从active变成inactive,直到非DBA用户的进程全inactive了,数据库才进入quiesced 状态;
查询阻塞停顿的会话语句:
select bl.sid, user, osuser, type, program from v$blocking_quiesce bl, v$session se where bl.sid = se.sid;
恢复正常状态命令:
ALTER SYSTEM UNQUIESCE;
查询当前数据库状态:
select active_state from v$instance;
状态说明:
NORMAL: Normal unquiesced state.
QUIESCING: Being quiesced, but some non-DBA sessions are still active.
QUIESCED: Quiesced; no non-DBA sessions are active or allowed.
五、Suspending and Resuming a Database
suspend状态将将前面的I/0操作完成,新的I/0操作进入排队状态,停止所有的I/0操作,包括数据库文件和控制文件,所有的操
suspend命令针对集群内所有实例,但命令执行后刚启动的实例不受影响;
suspend命令适合于镜像磁盘或断开镜像磁盘时;不能用户备份表空间,但可在执行suspend命令前先执行ALTER TABLESPACE BEGIN BACKUP;
相关命令:
ALTER SYSTEM SUSPEND;
ALTER SYSTEM RESUME;
select active_state,database_status from v$instance;
11g Release 2 (11.2)
E25494-05
3 Starting Up and Shutting Down
一、Starting Up a Database
数据库启动时读取平台默认位置上参数的顺序;
spfileORACLE_SID.ora
spfile.ora
initORACLE_SID.ora
数据库启动读取指定位置的参数文件:
SQLPLUS方式:
STARTUP PFILE = /u01/oracle/dbs/init.ora
SRVCTL方式:
(1):srvctl modify database -d db_unique_name -p spfile_path
(2):srvctl start database -d db_unique_name [options]
数据库启动可选择的状态
NOMOUNT—Start the instance without mounting a database. This does not allow access to the database and usually would be done only for database creation or the re-creation of control files.
MOUNT—Start the instance and mount the database, but leave it closed. This state allows for certain DBA activities, but does not allow general access to the database.
OPEN—Start the instance, and mount and open the database. This can be done in unrestricted mode, allowing access to all users, or in restricted mode, allowing access for database administrators only.
FORCE—Force the instance to start after a startup or shutdown problem.类似shutdown abort然后startup;
OPEN RECOVER—Start the instance and have complete media recovery begin immediately.
各种启动状态命令
open
SQL*PLUS:STARTUP
SRVCTL:srvctl start database -d db_unique_name
NOMOUNT
SQLPLUS:STARTUP NOMOUNT
SRVCTL:srvctl start database -d db_unique_name -o nomount
MOUNT
SQLPLUS:STARTUP MOUNT
SRVCTL:srvctl start database -d db_unique_name -o mount
RESTRICT
SQLPLUS:STARTUP RESTRICT
SRVCTL:srvctl start database -d db_unique_name -o restrict
在mount, nomount, and open 模式下都可切换RESTRICT模式;
切换到正常模式:ALTER SYSTEM DISABLE RESTRICTED SESSION;
切换到RESTRICT模式:ALTER SYSTEM ENABLE RESTRICTED SESSION
FORCE
SQLPLUS:STARTUP FORCE
SRVCTL:srvctl start database -d db_unique_name -o force
RECOVER
SQLPLUS:STARTUP OPEN RECOVER
SRVCTL:srvctl start database -d db_unique_name -o "open,recover"
二、Altering Database Availability
STARTUP NOMOUNT;
ALTER DATABASE MOUNT;
ALTER DATABASE OPEN;
ALTER DATABASE OPEN READ ONLY;
ALTER DATABASE OPEN READ WRITE;
三、Shutting Down a Database
关闭数据库各种方式
Normal Mode
SQL*Plus:SHUTDOWN [NORMAL] ---默认
SRVCTL:srvctl stop database -d db_unique_name -o normal ---默认是immediate
Immediate Mode
SQL*Plus:SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE
SRVCTL:srvctl stop database -d db_unique_name -o immediate
Transactional Mode
SQL*Plus:SHUTDOWN TRANSACTIONAL
SRVCTL:srvctl stop database -d db_unique_name -o transactional
Abort Mode
SQL*Plus:SHUTDOWN ABORT
SRVCTL:srvctl stop database -d db_unique_name -o abort
四、Quiescing a Database
停顿一个数据库是一个较小的限制,因为它消除了中断用户和相关的停机关闭和重新启动数据库。
此模式只允许DBA进行查询、调用、获取,只允许sys或system操作进入该模式,其他用户即使有dba权限也不行;
进入停顿状态命令:
ALTER SYSTEM QUIESCE RESTRICTED;
执行该命令后,所有非DBA用户的进程执行完后从active变成inactive,直到非DBA用户的进程全inactive了,数据库才进入quiesced 状态;
查询阻塞停顿的会话语句:
select bl.sid, user, osuser, type, program from v$blocking_quiesce bl, v$session se where bl.sid = se.sid;
恢复正常状态命令:
ALTER SYSTEM UNQUIESCE;
查询当前数据库状态:
select active_state from v$instance;
状态说明:
NORMAL: Normal unquiesced state.
QUIESCING: Being quiesced, but some non-DBA sessions are still active.
QUIESCED: Quiesced; no non-DBA sessions are active or allowed.
五、Suspending and Resuming a Database
suspend状态将将前面的I/0操作完成,新的I/0操作进入排队状态,停止所有的I/0操作,包括数据库文件和控制文件,所有的操
suspend命令针对集群内所有实例,但命令执行后刚启动的实例不受影响;
suspend命令适合于镜像磁盘或断开镜像磁盘时;不能用户备份表空间,但可在执行suspend命令前先执行ALTER TABLESPACE BEGIN BACKUP;
相关命令:
ALTER SYSTEM SUSPEND;
ALTER SYSTEM RESUME;
select active_state,database_status from v$instance;
来自 “ ITPUB博客 ” ,链接:http://blog.itpub.net/29519108/viewspace-1427744/,如需转载,请注明出处,否则将追究法律责任。
转载于:http://blog.itpub.net/29519108/viewspace-1427744/