Oracle? Database Quick Installation Guide
11g Release 2 (11.2) for Linux x86
E24324-05

参考部分：http://blog.csdn.net/rlhua/article/details/23865527

本机器环境：oracle linux 5.4 x32,准备安装的oracle 11.2.0.3 x32

1 Logging In to the System as root

检测是否能打开图形窗口
2 Checking the Hardware Requirements
2.1 Memory Requirements
The following are the memory requirements for installing Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2):
    Minimum: 1 GB of RAM
    Recommended: 2 GB of RAM or more

    查看内存大小
    # grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo
    Note:On Linux, the HugePages feature allocates non-swappable memory for large page tables using memory-mapped files. If you enable HugePages, then you should deduct the memory allocated to HugePages from the available RAM before calculating swap space.

交换区大小要求：
Between 1 GB and 2 GB    1.5 times the size of the RAM
Between 2 GB and 16 GB    Equal to the size of the RAM
More than 16 GB    16 GB
查看交换区大小命令：
# grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo

自动内存管理
Automatic Memory Management
Starting with Oracle Database 11g, the Automatic Memory Management feature requires more shared memory (/dev/shm)and file descriptors. The shared memory should be sized to be at least the greater of MEMORY_MAX_TARGET and MEMORY_TARGET for each Oracle instance on that computer.
To determine the amount of shared memory available, enter the following command:
# df -h /dev/shm/

Note:MEMORY_MAX_TARGET and MEMORY_TARGET cannot be used when LOCK_SGA is enabled or with HugePages on Linux.


2.2 Disk Space Requirements
The following are the disk space requirements for installing Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2):
1 GB of disk space in the /tmp directory.

2.3 System Architecture
To determine if the system architecture can run the software, enter the following command:
# uname -m
Verify that the processor architecture matches the Oracle software release to install. If you do not see the expected output, then you cannot install the software on this system

2.4 Display Requirements
The minimum resolution for Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2) is 1024 x 768 or higher.


3 Checking the Software Requirements
3.1 Operating System Requirements
The following or later versions of the operating system are required for Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2):
    Asianux Server 3 SP2
    Oracle Linux 4 Update 7
    Oracle Linux 5 Update 2
    Oracle Linux 6
    Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4 Update 7
    Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 Update 2
    Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
    SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10 SP2
    SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11

To determine the distribution and version of Linux installed, enter the following command:
# cat /proc/version

3.2 Kernel Requirements
The following are the Kernel requirements for Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2):
    For Oracle Linux 4 and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4:
    2.6.9 or later
    For Asianux Server 3, Oracle Linux 5, and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5:
    2.6.18 or later
    For Oracle Linux 6:
    2.6.32.100 or later
    For Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6:
    2.6.32-71 or later
    For SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10:
    2.6.16.21 or later
    On SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11:
    2.6.27.19 or later

To determine whether the required kernel is installed, enter the following command:
# uname -r
The following is a sample output displayed by running this command on an Oracle Linux 5.0 system:
2.6.18-128.el5PAE
In this example, the output shows the kernel version (2.6.18) and errata level (-128.el5PAE) on the system.

If the kernel version does not meet the requirement specified earlier in this section, then contact the operating system vendor for information about obtaining and installing kernel updates.

3.3 Package Requirements
通过yum配置，来快速安装所需要的软件包；
安装系统需要的软件包，可参考：http://blog.itpub.net/29519108/viewspace-1424101/

(1).创建介质装载目录/media/disk:
[root@OL541 media]# mkdir /media/disk
(2).插入OEL DVD光盘
(3).装载目录:
[root@OL541 dev]# mount /dev/cdrom /media/disk
(4). 创建yum 配置文件：
[root@ocm1 ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@ocm1 yum.repos.d]# vi public-yum-el5.repo
[oel5]
name=Oracle Liunx server 5.4 i386 dvd
baseurl=file:///media/disk/Server/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1

(5).安装oracle-validated软件包
正式安装oracle-validated软件包环境，使用yum install oracle-validated 命令:
使用oracle-validated包来配置oracle搭建所需的系统环境。
这个是oracle linux特有的包，减少大家在搭建oracle时安装各种系统包，调整系统参数，建用户和组等。
[root@OL541 yum.repos.d]# yum install oracle-validated

4 Creating Required Operating System Groups and Users
通过执行 yum install oracle-validated将创建oracle用户和组oinstall,dba；但是没有创建oper组；
创建组oper，并将oracle加入组中
[root@OL541 etc]# groupadd oper
[root@OL541 etc]# usermod -g oinstall -G dba,oper oracle
[root@OL541 etc]# id oracle
uid=500(oracle) gid=501(oinstall) groups=501(oinstall),500(dba),502(oper) context=root:system_r:unconfined_t:SystemLow-SystemHigh
更改oracle用户的密码
passwd oracle


5 Configuring Kernel Parameters and Resource Limits
查看/etc/sysctl.conf中是否为下列推荐值：
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 536870912
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

如用yum安装，则下列参数需修改：
file-max
wmem_max
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range 的最小值

查看/etc/security/limits.conf
无须修改

修改参数后，执行/sbin/sysctl -p 后重启电脑；
执行/sbin/sysctl -a 可显示当前值；

suse系统需要特别操作的：
On SUSE Linux Enterprise Server systems only, you must enter the GID of the oinstall group as the value for the parameter /proc/sys/vm/hugetlb_shm_group. Doing this grants members of oinstall a group permission to create shared memory segments.
    For example, where the oinstall group GID is 501:
    # echo 501 > /proc/sys/vm/hugetlb_shm_group
    After running this command, use vi to add the following text to /etc/sysctl.conf, and enable the boot.sysctl script to run on system restart:
    vm.hugetlb_shm_group=501
    Note: Only one group can be defined as the vm.hugetlb_shm_group.
    On SUSE Linux Enterprise Server systems only, enter the following command to cause the system to read the /etc/sysctl.conf file when it restarts:
    # /sbin/chkconfig boot.sysctl on
然后执行sysctl -p使参生效，或重启suse系统。建议重启系统。


6. Creating Required Directories

# mkdir -p /u01/app/
# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/
# chmod -R 775 /u01/app/

7 Configuring the oracle User's Environment
    $ su - oracle
    To determine the default shell for the oracle user, enter the following command:
    $ echo $SHELL
    To run the shell startup script, enter one of the following commands:
        Bash shell:
        $ . ./.bash_profile
        Bourne or Korn shell:
        $ . ./.profile
        C shell:
        % source ./.login

在创建好的.bash_profile中添加用户环境变量
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
export ORACLE_SID=sales


8 Installing Oracle Database

[root@OL541 orasoft]# ll
total 5169296
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root     649854 Jan 20 15:05 ora11g linux32  11203 .bmp
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1337967916 Jan 20 15:10 p10404530_112030_LINUX_1of7.zip
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1142289834 Jan 20 15:10 p10404530_112030_LINUX_2of7.zip
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  960703760 Jan 20 15:11 p10404530_112030_LINUX_3of7.zip
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  647539224 Jan 20 15:05 p10404530_112030_LINUX_4of7.zip
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  605344648 Jan 20 15:04 p10404530_112030_LINUX_5of7.zip
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  479785178 Jan 20 15:06 p10404530_112030_LINUX_6of7.zip
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  113811593 Jan 20 15:05 p10404530_112030_LINUX_7of7.zip

解压文件：
unzip p10404530_112030_LINUX_1of7.zip
unzip p10404530_112030_LINUX_2of7.zip
修改解压后文件属主
[root@OL541 orasoft]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /orasoft


切换到oracle用户，测试是否能出现图形界面；
执行xclock看能否出现钟表图形；
开始安装
[oracle@OL541 database]$ ./runInstaller
图形界面出来，安装检测过程应当无报警。

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