Socket编程 (连接,发送消息) (Tcp、Udp)
本篇文章主要实现Socket在Tcp\Udp协议下相互通讯的方式。(服务器端与客户端的通讯)
1.基于Tcp协议的Socket通讯类似于B/S架构,面向连接,但不同的是服务器端可以向客户端主动推送消息。
使用Tcp协议通讯需要具备以下几个条件:
(1).建立一个套接字(Socket)
(2).绑定服务器端IP地址及端口号–服务器端
(3).利用Listen()方法开启监听–服务器端
(4).利用Accept()方法尝试与客户端建立一个连接–服务器端
(5).利用Connect()方法与服务器建立连接–客户端
(5).利用Send()方法向建立连接的主机发送消息
(6).利用Recive()方法接受来自建立连接的主机的消息(可靠连接)
2.基于Udp协议是无连接模式通讯,占用资源少,响应速度快,延时低。至于可靠性,可通过应用层的控制来满足。(不可靠连接)
(1).建立一个套接字(Socket)
(2).绑定服务器端IP地址及端口号–服务器端
(3).通过SendTo()方法向指定主机发送消息(需提供主机IP地址及端口)
(4).通过ReciveFrom()方法接收指定主机发送的消息(需提供主机IP地址及端口)
1、服务端
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
#region 命名空间
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Threading;
#endregionnamespace SocketServerConsole
{class Program{#region 控制台主函数/// <summary>/// 控制台主函数/// </summary>/// <param name="args"></param>static void Main(string[] args){//主机IPIPEndPoint serverIP = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Parse("192.168.1.105"), 8686);Console.WriteLine("请选择连接方式:");Console.WriteLine("A.Tcp");Console.WriteLine("B.Udp");ConsoleKey key;while (true){key = Console.ReadKey(true).Key;if (key == ConsoleKey.A) TcpServer(serverIP);else if (key == ConsoleKey.B) UdpServer(serverIP);else{Console.WriteLine("输入有误,请重新输入:");continue;}break;}}#endregion#region Tcp连接方式/// <summary>/// Tcp连接方式/// </summary>/// <param name="serverIP"></param>public static void TcpServer(IPEndPoint serverIP){Console.WriteLine("客户端Tcp连接模式");Socket tcpServer = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);tcpServer.Bind(serverIP);tcpServer.Listen(100);Console.WriteLine("开启监听...");new Thread(() =>{while (true){try{TcpRecive(tcpServer.Accept());}catch (Exception ex){Console.WriteLine(string.Format("出现异常:{0}", ex.Message));break;}}}).Start();Console.WriteLine("\n\n输入\"Q\"键退出。");ConsoleKey key;do{key = Console.ReadKey(true).Key;} while (key != ConsoleKey.Q);tcpServer.Close();}public static void TcpRecive(Socket tcpClient){new Thread(() =>{while (true){byte[] data = new byte[1024];try{int length = tcpClient.Receive(data);}catch (Exception ex){Console.WriteLine(string.Format("出现异常:{0}", ex.Message));break;}Console.WriteLine(string.Format("收到消息:{0}", Encoding.UTF8.GetString(data)));string sendMsg = "收到消息!";tcpClient.Send(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(sendMsg));}}).Start();}#endregion#region Udp连接方式/// <summary>/// Udp连接方式/// </summary>/// <param name="serverIP"></param>public static void UdpServer(IPEndPoint serverIP){Console.WriteLine("客户端Udp模式");Socket udpServer = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Dgram, ProtocolType.Udp);udpServer.Bind(serverIP);IPEndPoint ipep = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Any, 0);EndPoint Remote = (EndPoint)ipep;new Thread(() =>{while (true){byte[] data = new byte[1024];try{int length = udpServer.ReceiveFrom(data, ref Remote);//接受来自服务器的数据}catch (Exception ex){Console.WriteLine(string.Format("出现异常:{0}", ex.Message));break;}Console.WriteLine(string.Format("{0} 收到消息:{1}", DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"), Encoding.UTF8.GetString(data)));string sendMsg = "收到消息!";udpServer.SendTo(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(sendMsg), SocketFlags.None, Remote);}}).Start();Console.WriteLine("\n\n输入\"Q\"键退出。");ConsoleKey key;do{key = Console.ReadKey(true).Key;} while (key != ConsoleKey.Q);udpServer.Close();}#endregion}
}
2、客户端
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
#region 命名空间
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Net;
using System.Threading;
#endregionnamespace SocketClientConsole
{class Program{#region 控制台主函数/// <summary>/// 控制台主函数/// </summary>/// <param name="args"></param>static void Main(string[] args){//主机IPIPEndPoint serverIP = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Parse("192.168.1.77"), 8686);Console.WriteLine("请选择连接方式:");Console.WriteLine("A.Tcp");Console.WriteLine("B.Udp");ConsoleKey key;while (true){key = Console.ReadKey(true).Key;if (key == ConsoleKey.A) TcpServer(serverIP);else if (key == ConsoleKey.B) UdpClient(serverIP);else{Console.WriteLine("输入有误,请重新输入:");continue;}break;}}#endregion#region Tcp连接方式/// <summary>/// Tcp连接方式/// </summary>/// <param name="serverIP"></param>public static void TcpServer(IPEndPoint serverIP){Console.WriteLine("客户端Tcp连接模式");Socket tcpClient = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);try{tcpClient.Connect(serverIP);}catch (SocketException e){Console.WriteLine(string.Format("连接出错:{0}", e.Message));Console.WriteLine("点击任何键退出!");Console.ReadKey();return;}Console.WriteLine("客户端:client-->server");string message = "我上线了...";tcpClient.Send(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(message));Console.WriteLine(string.Format("发送消息:{0}", message));new Thread(() =>{while (true){byte[] data = new byte[1024];try{int length = tcpClient.Receive(data);}catch (Exception ex){Console.WriteLine(string.Format("出现异常:{0}", ex.Message));break;}Console.WriteLine(string.Format("{0} 收到消息:{1}", DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"), Encoding.UTF8.GetString(data)));}}).Start();Console.WriteLine("\n\n输入\"Q\"键退出。");ConsoleKey key;do{key = Console.ReadKey(true).Key;} while (key != ConsoleKey.Q);tcpClient.Close();}#endregion#region Udp连接方式/// <summary>/// Udp连接方式/// </summary>/// <param name="serverIP"></param>public static void UdpClient(IPEndPoint serverIP){Console.WriteLine("客户端Udp模式");Socket udpClient = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Dgram, ProtocolType.Udp);string message = "我上线了...";udpClient.SendTo(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(message), SocketFlags.None, serverIP);Console.WriteLine(string.Format("发送消息:{0}", message));IPEndPoint sender = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Any, 0);EndPoint Remote = (EndPoint)sender;new Thread(() =>{while (true){byte[] data = new byte[1024];try{int length = udpClient.ReceiveFrom(data, ref Remote);//接受来自服务器的数据}catch (Exception ex){Console.WriteLine(string.Format("出现异常:{0}", ex.Message));break;}Console.WriteLine(string.Format("{0} 收到消息:{1}", DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"), Encoding.UTF8.GetString(data)));}}).Start();Console.WriteLine("\n\n输入\"Q\"键退出。");ConsoleKey key;do{key = Console.ReadKey(true).Key;} while (key != ConsoleKey.Q);udpClient.Close();}#endregion}
}
Tcp协议下通讯效果如下图:
客户端:
服务器端:
基于Udp协议下通讯效果如下图:
客户端:
服务器端:
总结
Tcp协议相对通讯来说相对可靠,信息不易丢失,Tcp协议发送消息,发送失败时会重复发送消息等原因。所以对于要求通讯安全较高的程序来说,选择Tcp协议的通讯相对合适。Upd协议通讯个人是比较推荐的,占用资源小,低延时,响应速度快。至于可靠性是可以通过一些应用层加以封装控制得到相应的满足。