文章目录
前言
在当今数字化教育浪潮中，构建一个高效且用户友好的线上教育平台至关重要。本博客将指导您使用Django作为后端框架，结合Vue 3的强大前端能力，快速搭建平台首页的核心功能，包括导航栏、轮播图、侧边栏、标签栏及分类课程推荐。我们将探讨前后端数据交互、Vue组件化开发等关键技术，轻松构建出既美观又实用的线上教育平台。
最终实现效果图如下：
一、导航功能实现
a.效果图：
b.后端代码
导航表模型类：
python">class NavigationModel(BaseModel):name = models.CharField(max_length=100)url = models.CharField(max_length=100)is_url = models.BooleanField(default=False)def __str__(self):return self.nameclass Meta:verbose_name = '导航表'verbose_name_plural = '导航表'db_table = 'navigation'
导航表序列化器：
python">class NavigationSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):class Meta:model = NavigationModelfields = ('id','name','url','is_url')# fields = '__all__'
获取所有头部导航栏信息:
python">class NavigationView(APIView):def get(self, request):nav_list = NavigationModel.objects.all()ser = NavigationSerializer(nav_list, many=True)return Response({"code":"200", "data":ser.data})
配置url信息:
python">urlpatterns = [path('nav/header/', NavigationView.as_view()),...
]
c.前端代码
components/Header.vue:
<!-- 0.导航栏 --> <ul class="nav"><li v-for="(item,index) in nav.header_nav_list " :key="index"><a :href="item.url" v-if="item.is_url">{{item.name}}</a><router-link :to="item.url" v-else>{{item.name}}</router-link></li> </ul> <script setup> import nav from "../api/nav"// 获取顶部导航菜单nav.get_header_nav() </script>
src/api/nav.js:
import http from "../http"; import {reactive} from "vue"; const nav = reactive({header_nav_list: [], // 头部导航列表get_header_nav(){// 获取头部导航菜单http.get("/home/nav/header/").then(response=>{this.header_nav_list = response.data;})}, }) export default nav;
二、轮播图功能实现
a.效果图
b.后端代码
轮播图模型类：
python">class BannerModel(BaseModel):image = models.CharField(max_length=255)link = models.CharField(max_length=255)is_http = models.BooleanField(default=False)def __str__(self):return self.imageclass Meta:verbose_name = "轮播图表"verbose_name_plural = "轮播图表"db_table = 'banner'
轮播图序列化器：
python">class BannerSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):class Meta:model = BannerModelfields = '__all__'
获取轮播图数据：
python">class BannerView(APIView):def get(self, request):banners = BannerModel.objects.all()ser = BannerSerializer(banners, many=True)return Response({"code":"200", "data":ser.data})
配置url信息：
python"> path('banner/', BannerView.as_view()),
c.前端代码
src/components/Banner.vue：
<!-- 焦点图、轮播图-->
<div class="g-banner-content" @mouseover="state.current_menu = -1"><el-carousel height="382px" indicator-position="bottom" @change="handleCarouselChange"><el-carousel-item v-for="(item, key) in banner.bannerImg" :key="key"><img :src="item.image" alt="" style="width: 100%; height: 100%" /></el-carousel-item></el-carousel>
</div>
<script setup>
import banner from "../api/banner";
banner.get_banner_list();// 轮播图列表 接口数据替换
// http://192.168.56.1:3000/src/assets/img/course1.jpg
const bannerImg = reactive([{image: '/src/assets/img/course1.jpg',link: '',is_http: false,
}])// 当前轮播 banner背景
const nowBannerImg = reactive({ src: bannerImg[0].image });
//轮播切换赋值
const handleCarouselChange = (index) => {// 更新当前banner图片地址nowBannerImg.src = banner.bannerImg[index].image;
};<script>
src/api/banner.js:
import { reactive } from "vue";
import http from "../http";
const banner = reactive({bannerImg: [], // 轮播广告列表get_banner_list() {// 获取轮播广告列表return http.get("/home/banner/").then(response => {// console.log("Bannner---response.data");// console.log(response.data);this.bannerImg = response.data.data;// console.log("bannerImg");// console.log(response.data.data);})},
})export default banner;
三、标签栏功能实现
a.效果图
b.后端代码
标签表模型类：
python">class DirectionModel(BaseModel):direction = models.CharField(max_length=255)desc = models.CharField(max_length=255)icon = models.CharField(max_length=255)def __str__(self):return self.directionclass Meta:verbose_name = "方向表"verbose_name_plural = "标签表"db_table = 'direction'
标签 / 方向表序列化器：
python">class DirectionSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):class Meta:model = DirectionModelfields = ['id','direction','desc','icon']# fields = '__all__'
获取所有标签数据：
python">class DirectionView(APIView):def get(self, request):directions = DirectionModel.objects.all()ser = DirectionSerializer(directions, many=True)return Response({"code":"200", "data":ser.data})
配置urls：
python"> path('directions/', DirectionView.as_view()),
c.前端代码
src/components/Banner.vue：
<!-- 标签表（方向表） --><div class="system-class-show"><a class="show-box" v-for="(item, index) in directions.directions_list" :key="index"><div class="system-class-icon" :style="{ 'background-image': `url('${item.icon}')` }"></div><div class="describe"><h4>{{ item.direction }}</h4><p>{{ item.desc }}</p></div></a><div class="line"></div><a class="all-btn"><div class="mini-title">体系课</div><div class="more-btn">more</div></a></div>
import directions from '../api/directions';directions.get_directions_list();
src/api/directions.js：
import { reactive } from "vue";
import http from "../http";const directions = reactive({directions_list: [], // 标签列表get_directions_list() {// 获取标签列表return http.get("/home/directions/").then(response => {// console.log("11111111111111");// console.log("directions_list---response.data");// console.log(response.data);this.directions_list = response.data.data;// console.log(response.data.data);})},})export default directions;
四、侧边栏功能实现
1.整体效果图
2.侧边栏功能实现
a.效果图
b.后端代码
分类表模型类：
python">class CategoryModel(BaseModel):id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True) # 通常Django会自动为主键添加AutoField，这里显式写出也可以name = models.CharField(max_length=255, unique=True) # 假设分类名最大长度为255个字符parent = models.ForeignKey('self', on_delete=models.CASCADE, null=True, blank=True, related_name='son') # 自关联字段，表示父分类recommend = models.BooleanField(default=False)def __str__(self):return self.nameclass Meta:verbose_name = '分类表'verbose_name_plural = '分类表'db_table = 'category'
父级分类序列化器、子级分类序列化器：
python"># 子类序列化器---二级分类
class SonCategorySerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):class Meta:model = CategoryModelfields = ('id', 'name')# fields = '__all__'# 父类序列化器--一级分类
class CategorySerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):son = SonCategorySerializer(many=True, read_only=True)class Meta:model = CategoryModelfields = '__all__'# fields = ('id','name','son')
获取父级与子级分类：
python"># 2.获取一、二级分类
class CategoryView(APIView):def get(self, request):# 查询所有一级分类：parent is null# query_setcategories = CategoryModel.objects.filter(is_delete=0,parent__id__isnull=True) #query_setclist = [] #侧边栏 二级分类显示几个for category in categories:# 获取一级下面所有的二级分类，操作显示二级分类数据条数sondata = category.son.all()[0:2] #query_set# d对二级数据进行序列化操作son = SonCategorySerializer(sondata, many=True)clist.append({"id": category.id, "name": category.name, "son": son.data})return Response({"code":"200", "data":clist})
配置url：
python"> path('nav/cates/', CategoryView.as_view()), #侧边栏-获取一二级分类
c.前端代码
src/components/Banner.vue：
<!-- 左侧边栏Banner---二级分类 --><div class="menuContent"><divv-for="(item, index) in cates.cates_list":key="index"class="item":class="{ 'js-menu-item-on': state.current_menu == 0 }"@mouseover="fnMethod(item.id)"><!-- item.id 一级分类id --><span class="title">{{ item.name }}:</span><span class="sub-title" v-for="(s, index) in item.son" :key="index"> {{ s.name }} </span><i class="imv2-arrow1_r"></i></div></div>
import cates from "../api/cates";cates.get_cates_list();
// 定义方法-展示侧边栏所有二级分类以及所有分类下的课程
const fnMethod = (cateid) => {state.current_menu = 0;cates.get_coures_list(cateid);
};
src/api/cates.js：
import http from "../http";
import { reactive } from "vue";const cates = reactive({cates_list: [], // Banner---两级分类列表get_cates_list() {// 获取两级分类return http.get("/home/nav/cates/").then(response => {// console.log("左侧边栏获取两级分类response.data：");// console.log(response.data);this.cates_list = response.data.data;})},
})
export default cates;
3.侧边栏展示分类及课程信息功能实现
点击分类(侧边栏触发)，获取此分类下所有的二级分类（@mouseover）以及此分类下推荐的课程
a.效果图
b.后端代码
+课程表模型类：
python">class CourseModel(BaseModel):id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)name = models.CharField(max_length=255, unique=True)# parent 指向 Category 分类idparent = models.ForeignKey(CategoryModel, on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name='course',verbose_name="parent-父级分类")topid = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="topid-顶级分类")recommend = models.BooleanField(default=False)picurl = models.CharField(max_length=100)price = models.FloatField()level = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="1零基础 2中级 3高级")sales = models.IntegerField(default=0,verbose_name="销量")describe = models.TextField()def __str__(self):return self.nameclass Meta:verbose_name = '课程表'verbose_name_plural = '课程表'db_table = 'course'
课程序列化器：
python">class CourseSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):# teacher = TeachersSerializer(many=True, read_only=True)# teacher = TeachersSerializer()class Meta:model = CourseModelfields = '__all__'
获取所有分类及其推荐课程：
python">class CategoryCourseView(APIView):def get(self, request):#获取一级分类idcateid = request.GET.get("cateid")#根据id查询分类：一级分类和二级分类cate = CategoryModel.objects.filter(id=cateid).first()#通过id查询推荐课程ser = CategorySerializer(cate)#返回结果#print(cate.id)courses = CourseModel.objects.filter(topid=cateid,recommend=True)#print(courses)cSer = CourseSerializer(courses, many=True)#print(cSer.data)return Response({"code":"200", "clist":ser.data,"courses":cSer.data})
配置urls：
python"> path('nav/catescourses/', CategoryCourseView.as_view()),#侧边栏-传一级分类id->展示子分类及其所有课程
c.前端代码
src/components/Banner.vue：
<!-- 侧边栏触发显示：分类信息、课程信息 -->
<div class="submenu" v-if="state.current_menu === 0"><!-- 1.2.1侧边栏触发显示：商品课程二级分类信息 --><div class="inner-box"><h2 class="type">{{ cates.cc_list.name }}</h2><div class="tag clearfix"></div><div class="lore"><span class="title">知识点：</span><p class="lores clearfix"><a target="_blank" v-for="(item, index) in cates.cc_list.son" :key="index" href="">{{ item.name }}</a></p></div></div><!-- 1.2.2侧边栏触发显示：分类下的课程信息---><div class="recomment clearfix"><a href="" target="_blank" title="" class="recomment-item" v-for="(c,index) in cates.course_list" :key="index"><div class="img" :style="{ 'background-image': `url('${c.picurl}')`, 'background-size': '100%' }"></div><div class="details"><div class="title-box"><p class="title"><span class="text">{{c.name}}</span><span class="tag tixi">体系</span></p></div><div class="bottom"><span class="discount-name">优惠价:</span><span class="price">￥{{c.price}}</span> ·<span class="difficulty"> {{c.describe}} </span> ·<span class="difficulty" v-if="c.level==1"> 0基础 </span> ·<span class="difficulty" v-if="c.level==2"> 中级 </span> ·<span class="difficulty" v-if="c.level==3"> 高级 </span> ·<span class="num"><i class="imv2-set-sns"></i> {{c.sales}}人</span></div></div></a></div></div>
src/api/cates.js：
import http from "../http";
import { reactive } from "vue";const cates = reactive({cates_list: [], // Banner---两级分类列表cc_list: {}, //Banner---触发显示：显示所有二级分类course_list: [], //Banner ---触发显示：显示分类下的课程get_cates_list() {// 获取两级分类return http.get("/home/nav/cates/").then(response => {this.cates_list = response.data.data;})},get_coures_list(cateid) {// 获取所有二级分类 及其 课程return http.get("/home/nav/catescourses/?cateid=" + cateid).then(response => {// console.log("左侧边栏获取课程分类及课程response.data：");// console.log(response.data);this.cc_list = response.data.clist;this.course_list = response.data.courses;})},})export default cates;
五、分类课程推荐（楼层设计）功能实现
首页分类课程推荐设计：
显示推荐分类，获取不同楼层不同分类下的课程，点击不同分类时获取当前楼层分类下的推荐课程并显示
a.效果图
b.后端代码
为了便于理解，建立三张表：频道表、频道分类表、频道课程表，模型类如下：
python"># a.频道表
class ChannelModel(BaseModel):name = models.CharField(max_length=255, unique=True)picurl = models.CharField(max_length=100)sort = models.IntegerField()def __str__(self):return self.nameclass Meta:verbose_name = '频道表'verbose_name_plural = '频道表'db_table = 'channel'# b.频道分类表 id,name,显示顺序,频道id,类别(1-添加的 2-分类的),分类id
class ChannelCategoryModel(BaseModel):name = models.CharField(max_length=255)sort = models.IntegerField()channel = models.ForeignKey(ChannelModel, on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name='cates')type = models.IntegerField()cateid = models.IntegerField()def __str__(self):return self.nameclass Meta:verbose_name = '频道分类表'verbose_name_plural = '频道分类表'db_table = 'channel_cates'# c.频道分类课程表 id,name,图标,价格,难度,购买人数,频道分类id
class ChannelCoursesModel(BaseModel):name = models.CharField(max_length=255,unique=True)picurl = models.CharField(max_length=100)price = models.FloatField()sales = models.IntegerField(default=0)level = models.IntegerField()ccates = models.ForeignKey(ChannelCategoryModel, on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name='courses')def __str__(self):return self.nameclass Meta:verbose_name = '频道分类课程表'verbose_name_plural = '频道分类课程表'db_table = 'channel_courses'
频道、频道分类、频道课程序列化器：
python"># --
# c.频道分类课程序列化器
class ChannelCourseSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):class Meta:model = ChannelCoursesModelfields = '__all__'# b.频道分类序列化器-
class ChannelCategorySerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):courses = ChannelCourseSerializer(many=True, read_only=True)class Meta:model = ChannelCategoryModelfields = '__all__'# a.频道序列化器
class ChannelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):cates = ChannelCategorySerializer(many=True, read_only=True)class Meta:model = ChannelModelfields = '__all__'
获取首页推荐课程分类信息：
python"># 6.2 楼层-课程卡片--（无顺序版-->直接嵌套序列化器）
class HomeCourseView(APIView):def get(self, request):channels = ChannelModel.objects.order_by('sort').all()ser_channels = ChannelSerializer(channels, many=True)return Response({"code":"200", "data":ser_channels.data})
配置urls：
python"> path('homecourse/', HomeCourseView.as_view()), #首页推荐分类课程
c.前端代码
src/components/NewCourse.vue：
<template><div class="bg000"><div class="container-types new-course" v-for="record,index in course.data" :key="index"><!-- 第一级：pic --><h3class="types-title justify-content_flex-start":style="{ 'background-image': `url('${record.picurl}')` }">{{index}}<!-- 第二级 eg：推荐、前端课程 --><ul class="menu"><li :class="{'curr': state.current_menu[index]==key}"v-for="item,key in record.cates" :key="key"@click="selectTab(item,key,index)"><a>{{ item.name }}</a></li></ul></h3><!-- 对应分类下的课程信息 --><div class="list clearfix show" ><a class="item" v-for="citem,cindex in record.cates[courseList.data[index]].courses" :key="cindex"><div class="img":style="{ 'background-image': `url('${citem.picurl}')` }"></div><div class="title ellipsis2">{{ citem.name }}</div><div class="difficulty">{{ citem.level }} · {{ citem.person }}人报名</div><div class="bottom clearfix"><span class="price l red bold">￥{{ citem.price }}</span></div></a></div></div> </div>
</template>
<script setup>
import {reactive} from "vue"
// 接口取回的数据
import course from "../api/home";course.get_courses_list();// 定义每个频道TAB的下标
let courseList = reactive({data: [0,0,0]})// 点击事件item-cates，key-二级index，index-一级index
const selectTab = (item,key,index) => {courseList.data[index] = keystate.current_menu[index] = key
}
const state = reactive({current_menu: [0,0,0],
})</script>
src/api/home.js：
import { reactive } from "vue";
import http from "../http";
const course = reactive({data: [], // 分类下课程信息get_courses_list() {// 获取分类下课程信息return http.get("/home/homecourse/").then(response => {console.log("response.data.data");console.log(response.data.data);this.data = response.data.data;},})export default course;
