基于vscode的cppcmake调试环境配置

1. 创建项目文件

创建cpp文件及CMakeLists.txt文件

helloOpenCV.cpp

#include <opencv2/opencv.hpp>
int main() {// 创建图像，初始化为黑色cv::Mat image = cv::Mat::zeros(200, 300, CV_8UC3);// 设置为纯绿色 (BGR格式：0, 255, 0)image.setTo(cv::Scalar(0, 255, 0));// 显示图像cv::imshow("Green Image", image);// 等待按键cv::waitKey(0);// 销毁所有窗口cv::destroyAllWindows();return 0;
}

CMakeLists.txt

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.8)
project(helloOpenCV)
set(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE "Debug")
find_package(OpenCV REQUIRED)
add_executable(helloOpenCV helloOpenCV.cpp)
target_link_libraries(helloOpenCV ${OpenCV_LIBS})

若编译过程提示缺少opencv库则执行 sudo apt install libopencv-dev

2. 生成可执行文件

# 在项目根目录下创建build文件夹
mkdir build
cd build
# 生成构建文件makefile
cmake ..
# 基于makefile构建项目生成可执行文件 helloOpencv
make
# 调用可执行程序 弹出图像
./helloOpenCV

vscode__45">3. vscode 调试环境配置

vscode调试环境主要包括三个文件的配置

c_cpp_properties.json负责指定编译器及头文件路径
tasks.json负责编译生成可执行文件
launch.json负责可执行文件的调试

c_cpp_properties.json

快捷键 ctrl+shift+P 后选择 c/c++ : edit configurations(JSON)生成c_cpp_properties.json
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{"configurations": [{"name": "Linux",    "includePath": ["${workspaceFolder}/**"],"defines": [],"compilerPath": "/usr/bin/clang","cStandard": "c17","cppStandard": "c++14","intelliSenseMode": "linux-clang-x64"}],"version": 4
}

其中较重要的字段包括：

includePath：头文件搜索路径
compilerPath：指定C/C++编译器的路径
cppStandard：C++标准
intelliSenseMode：智能补全模式

tasks.json

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点击Terminal-Configure Default Build Task 在上述CMake: ***中任意选择一项生成tasks.json即可

方式1，通过自定义子task的顺序完成构建过程

{"version": "2.0.0","tasks": [{"label": "cmake","type": "shell","command": "cmake","args": ["../"],"options": {"cwd": "${workspaceFolder}/build"},            },{"label": "make","type": "shell","command": "make","args": [],"options": {"cwd": "${workspaceFolder}/build"}, },{"label": "cmake task","dependsOn":["cmake", "make"],"dependsOrder": "sequence"},],
}

方式2，通过调用shell脚本的形式完成构建过程(我更倾向的一种方式，定义更简单)

{"version": "2.0.0","tasks": [{"label": "cmake task","type": "shell","command": "bash","args": ["${workspaceFolder}/build.sh"],"options": {"cwd": "${workspaceFolder}"},"problemMatcher": ["$gcc"],"group": {"kind": "build","isDefault": true},"detail": "Task generated by Debugger."}]
}

其中build.sh内容为

cd build
cmake ..
make

launch.json

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点击Add configuration
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将program改为要拉起的可执行程序，将prelaunchask设置为tasks.json中的label

{"version": "0.2.0","configurations": [{"name": "(gdb) Launch","type": "cppdbg","request": "launch","program": "${workspaceFolder}/build/helloOpenCV","args": [],"stopAtEntry": false,"cwd": "${workspaceFolder}","environment": [],"preLaunchTask": "cmake task"}]
}