- 代码实现自动化相关理论
- 代码编写脚本和工具实现脚本区别是啥?
- 代码:
- 优点:代码灵活方便
- 缺点:学习成本高
- 工具:
- 优点:易上手
- 缺点:灵活度低,有局限性。
- 总结:
- 功能脚本:工具
- 自动化脚本:代码
- 代码接口自动化怎么做的?
第一步:python+request+unittest;
具体描述?
第二步:封装、调用、数据驱动、日志、报告;
详细举例:
第三步:api\scripts\data\log\report\until…
- 脚本实现
- 使用代码编写自动化脚本的流程
1、抽取功能用例转为自动化用例
2、搭建环境(测试工具、)
3、搭建目录结构
4、编写脚本
5、执行脚本
6、配置持续集成
-
抽取功能转为自动化用例
-
搭建环境(测试工具)
1、python、Pycharm、requests、pymysql、parametrize
2、jenkins、jdk
提示:由于编写的自动化脚本,而自动化脚本编写之前功能已测试完毕,所以不需要在单独搭建项目环境。
- 搭建目录结构
- 代码编写
- config.py
import os
# 服务器地址
HPST = "http://user-p2p-test.itheima.net"# 项目目录路径
dir_path = os.path.dirname(__file__)
- api(api_register_login.py)
from config import HOST
class ApiRegisterLogin:# 初始化def __init__(self, session):# 获取session对象self.session = session # 实例化session,类下面的其他接口就能使用自己的session# 图片验证码urlself.__url_img_code = HOST + "/common/public/verifycode1/{}" # {}是随机变量,用{}占用# 短信验证码urlself.__url_phone_code = HOST + "/member/public/sendSms"# 注册urlself.__url_register = HOST + "/member/public/reg"# 登录urlself.__url_login = HOST + "/member/public/login"# 登录状态urlself.__url_login_status = HOST + "/member/public/islogin"# 获取图片验证码接口 封装def api_img_code(self):pass# 获取短信验证码接口 封装def api_phone_code(self):pass# 注册接口 封装def api_register(self):pass# 登录接口 封装def api_login(self):pass# 查询登录状态接口 封装def api_login_status(self):pass
加上__,只能在当千模块里调用,其他py文件调用不了
- 接口封装 实现
# 获取图片验证码接口 封装def api_img_code(self, random):# 调用get方法,返回响应对象res = self.session.get(url=self.__url_img_code.format(random))return res# 获取短信验证码接口 封装def api_phone_code(self, phone, imgVerifyCode):# 1、定义请求参数data = {"phone": phone,"imgVerifyCode": imgVerifyCode,"type": "reg"}# 2、调用请求方法res = self.session.post(url=self.__url_phone_code, data=data)return res# 注册接口 封装def api_register(self, phone, password, verifycode, phone_code):# 1、定义请求参数data = {"phone": phone,"password": password,"verifycode": verifycode,"phone_code": phone_code,"dy_server": "on","invite_phone": ""}# 2、调用请求方法res = self.session.post(url=self.__url_register, data=data)return res# 登录接口 封装def api_login(self, keywords, password):# 1、定义请求参数data = {"keywords": keywords,"password": password}# 2、调用请求方法res = self.session.post(url=self.__url_login, data=data)return res# 查询登录状态接口 封装def api_login_status(self):res = self.session.post(self.__url_login_status)
- script(test01_register_login.py)
import unittestimport requestsfrom api.api_register_login import ApiRegisterLoginclass TestRegisterLogin(unittest.TestCase):# 初始化def setUp(self):# 获取session对象self.session = requests.session()# 获取ApiRegisterLogin实例self.reg = ApiRegisterLogin(self.session)# 结束def tearDown(self):# 关闭session对象self.session.close()# 获取图片验证码接口 测试def test01_img_code(self):pass# 获取短信验证码接口 测试def test02_phone_code(self):pass# 注册接口测试def test03_register(self):pass# 登录接口 测试def test04_login(self):pass# 查询登录状态 测试def test05_login_status(self):pass
- 注册登录接口调试测试
import unittestimport requestsfrom api.api_register_login import ApiRegisterLoginclass TestRegisterLogin(unittest.TestCase):# 初始化def setUp(self):# 获取session对象self.session = requests.session()# 获取ApiRegisterLogin实例self.reg = ApiRegisterLogin(self.session)# 结束def tearDown(self):# 关闭session对象self.session.close()# 获取图片验证码接口 测试def test01_img_code(self):# 1、调用图片验证码接口r = self.reg.api_img_code(123)# 2、查看响应状态码print(r.status_code)# 获取短信验证码接口 测试def test02_phone_code(self, phone=13600001111, imgVerifyCode=8888):# 1、调用获取图片验证码接口----目的:让session记住cookieself.reg.api_img_code(123)# 2、调用短信验证码接口r = self.reg.api_phone_code(phone=phone, imgVerifyCode=imgVerifyCode)# 3、查看响应结果print(r.json())# 注册接口测试def test03_register(self, phone=13600001111, imgVerifyCode=8888, password="test123", phone_code=666666):# 1、图片验证码接口self.reg.api_img_code(123)# 2、短信验证码接口self.reg.api_phone_code(phone=phone, imgVerifyCode=imgVerifyCode)# 3、注册接口r = self.reg.api_register(phone=phone, password=password, verifycode=imgVerifyCode, phone_code=phone_code)# 4、查看结果print(r.json())# 登录接口 测试def test04_login(self, keywords=13600001111, password="test123"):# 1、登录接口r = self.reg.api_login(keywords=keywords, password=password)# 2、查询结果print(r.json())# 查询登录状态 测试def test05_login_status(self, keywords=13600001111, password="test123"):# 1、调用登录接口self.reg.api_login(keywords=keywords, password=password)# 2、调用查询登录结果接口r = self.reg.api_login_status()print(r.json())
- 断言
说明:判断程序执行
实际结果是否符合预期结果
- 示例:
- 提示:
捕获异常的目的
是为了将错误信息记录下来
,- 捕获信息完成后,
必须抛出异常
import unittestimport requestsfrom api.api_register_login import ApiRegisterLoginclass TestRegisterLogin(unittest.TestCase):# 初始化def setUp(self):# 获取session对象self.session = requests.session()# 获取ApiRegisterLogin实例self.reg = ApiRegisterLogin(self.session)# 结束def tearDown(self):# 关闭session对象self.session.close()# 获取图片验证码接口 测试def test01_img_code(self):try:# 1、调用图片验证码接口r = self.reg.api_img_code(123)# 2、查看响应状态码self.assertEqual(200, r.status_code)except Exception as e:# 日志print(e)# 抛出异常raise# 获取短信验证码接口 测试def test02_phone_code(self, phone=13600001111, imgVerifyCode=8888, expect_text="发送成功"):try:# 1、调用获取图片验证码接口----目的:让session记住cookieself.reg.api_img_code(123)# 2、调用短信验证码接口r = self.reg.api_phone_code(phone=phone, imgVerifyCode=imgVerifyCode)# 3、查看响应结果self.assertIn(expect_text, r.text)except Exception as e:# 日志print(e)# 抛出异常raise# 注册接口测试def test03_register(self, phone=13600001111, imgVerifyCode=8888, password="test123", phone_code=666666, expect_text="注册成功"):try:# 1、图片验证码接口self.reg.api_img_code(123)# 2、短信验证码接口self.reg.api_phone_code(phone=phone, imgVerifyCode=imgVerifyCode)# 3、注册接口r = self.reg.api_register(phone=phone, password=password, verifycode=imgVerifyCode, phone_code=phone_code)# 4、查看结果self.assertIn(expect_text, r.text)except Exception as e:# 日志print(e)# 抛出异常raise# 登录接口 测试def test04_login(self, keywords=13600001111, password="test123", expect_text="登录成功"):try:# 1、登录接口r = self.reg.api_login(keywords=keywords, password=password)# 2、查询结果self.assertIn(expect_text, r.text)except Exception as e:# 日志print(e)# 抛异常raise# 查询登录状态 测试def test05_login_status(self, keywords=13600001111, password="test123", expect_text="OK"):try:# 1、调用登录接口self.reg.api_login(keywords=keywords, password=password)# 2、调用查询登录结果接口r = self.reg.api_login_status()self.assertIn(expect_text, r.text)except Exception as e:# 日志print(e)# 抛出异常raise
-
参数化
-
步骤
1.编写
数据存储文件json
2.编写读取工具方法read_json()
3.使用参数化
组件进行引用
parametrize
- 1 .编写参数化文件(register_login.json)
心得:
1、根据模块来新建json文件
(1个模块1个json文件
)
2、最外侧使用{}
,模块下几个接口,编写几个key
,值为列表
3、列表值中
,有几组数据,就写几个{}
4、每组数据{}中
,组成格式:说明+参数+预期结果
- 几个接口几个key,这里有五个接口(图片验证码、短信验证码、注册、登录、登录状态接口)
- 每组数据组成格式:说明+参数+预期结果
{"img_code": [{"desc": "获取图片验证码成功(随机小数)","random": "0.123","expect_code": 200},{"desc": "获取图片验证码成功(随机整数)","random": "123","expect_code": 200},{"desc": "获取图片验证码成功(随机数为空)","random": "","expect_code": 404},{"desc": "获取图片验证码成功(随机数为字符串)","random": "heloo123","expect_code": 400}],"phone_code": [{"desc": "获取短信验证码成功","phone": "13600001111","imgVerifyCode": "8888","expect_text": "发送成功"},{"desc": "获取短信验证码失败","phone": "13600001111","imgVerifyCode": "8889","expect_text": "验证码错误"}],"register": [{"desc": "注册成功(必填参数)","phone": "13600001111","password": "test123","verifycode": 8888,"phone_code": 666666,"dy_server": "on","expect_text": "注册成功"},{"desc": "注册失败(图片验证码错误)","phone": "13600001112","password": "test123","verifycode": 8889,"phone_code": 666666,"dy_server": "on","expect_text": "验证码错误"},{"desc": "注册失败(短信验证码错误)","phone": "13600001112","password": "test123","verifycode": 8888,"phone_code": 666667,"dy_server": "on","expect_text": "验证码错误"},{"desc": "注册失败(手机号已存在)","phone": "13600001111","password": "test123","verifycode": 8888,"phone_code": 666666,"dy_server": "on","expect_text": "已存在"}],"login": [{"desc": "登录成功","keywords": "13600001111","password": "test123","expect_text": "登录成功"}, {"desc": "登录失败(密码为空)","keywords": "13600001111","password": "","expect_text": "不能为空"}, {"desc": "登录失败(解锁)","keywords": "13600001111","password": "errror123","expect_text": "登录成功"}],"login_status": [{"desc": "查询登录状态(已登录)","status": "已登录","expect_text": "OK"}, {"desc": "查询登录状态(未登录)","status": "未登录","expect_text": "未登"}]
}
- 2、编写读取数据工具(util.py)
from config import DIR_PATHdef read_json(filename, key):# 拼接读取文件的完整路径 os.sep动态获取/ 还是 \ ,根据电脑的操作系统file_path = DIR_PATH + os.sep + "data" + os.sep + filenamearr = []with open(file_path, 'r', encoding="utf-8") as f:# print(json.load(f))# print(json.load(f).get(key)) [{},{},{}]----->[(),(),()]for data in json.load(f).get(key):arr.append(tuple(data.values())[1:])print(arr)if __name__ == '__main__':read_json("register_login.json", "img_code")# [('0.123', 200), ('123', 200), ('', 404), ('heloo123', 400)]
- 参数化引用
- 难点1:错误次数锁定
# 登录接口 测试@parameterized.expand(read_json("register_login.json", "login"))def test04_login(self, keywords, password, expect_text):try:i = 1if "error" in password:while i <= 3:r = self.reg.api_login(keywords=keywords, password=password)i += 1# 断言锁定print("测试锁定:", r.text)self.assertIn("锁定", r.text)# 暂停60ssleep(60)# 测试登录成功r = self.reg.api_login(keywords="13600001111", password="test123")self.assertIn(expect_text, r.text)# 1、登录接口r = self.reg.api_login(keywords=keywords, password=password)# 2、查询结果self.assertIn(expect_text, r.text)except Exception as e:# 日志print(e)# 抛异常raise
- 查询登录状态,不同结果。
# 查询登录状态 测试@parameterized.expand(read_json("register_login.json", "login_status"))def test05_login_status(self, status, expect_text):try:if status == "已登录":# 1、调用登录接口self.reg.api_login(keywords="13600001111", password="test123")# 2、调用查询登录结果接口r = self.reg.api_login_status()self.assertIn(expect_text, r.text)except Exception as e:# 日志print(e)# 抛出异常raise
- 断言代码示例:(test01_register_login.py)
import unittestimport requestsfrom api.api_register_login import ApiRegisterLoginfrom parameterized import parameterizedfrom util import read_jsonfrom time import sleepclass TestRegisterLogin(unittest.TestCase):# 初始化def setUp(self):# 获取session对象self.session = requests.session()# 获取ApiRegisterLogin实例self.reg = ApiRegisterLogin(self.session)# 结束def tearDown(self):# 关闭session对象self.session.close()# 获取图片验证码接口 测试@parameterized.expand(read_json("register_login.json", "img_code"))def test01_img_code(self, random, expect_code):try:# 1、调用图片验证码接口r = self.reg.api_img_code(random)# 2、查看响应状态码self.assertEqual(expect_code, r.status_code)except Exception as e:# 日志print(e)# 抛出异常raise# 获取短信验证码接口 测试@parameterized.expand(read_json("register_login.json", "phone_code"))def test02_phone_code(self, phone, imgVerifyCode, expect_text):try:# 1、调用获取图片验证码接口----目的:让session记住cookieself.reg.api_img_code(123)# 2、调用短信验证码接口r = self.reg.api_phone_code(phone=phone, imgVerifyCode=imgVerifyCode)# 3、查看响应结果self.assertIn(expect_text, r.text)except Exception as e:# 日志print(e)# 抛出异常raise# 注册接口测试@parameterized.expand(read_json("register_login.json", "register"))def test03_register(self, phone, password, imgVerifyCode, phone_code, expect_text):try:# 1、图片验证码接口self.reg.api_img_code(123)# 2、短信验证码接口self.reg.api_phone_code(phone=phone, imgVerifyCode=imgVerifyCode)# 3、注册接口r = self.reg.api_register(phone=phone, password=password, verifycode=imgVerifyCode, phone_code=phone_code)# 4、查看结果self.assertIn(expect_text, r.text)except Exception as e:# 日志print(e)# 抛出异常raise# 登录接口 测试@parameterized.expand(read_json("register_login.json", "login"))def test04_login(self, keywords, password, expect_text):try:i = 1if "error" in password:while i <= 3:r = self.reg.api_login(keywords=keywords, password=password)i += 1# 断言锁定print("测试锁定:", r.text)self.assertIn("锁定", r.text)# 暂停60ssleep(60)# 测试登录成功r = self.reg.api_login(keywords="13600001111", password="test123")self.assertIn(expect_text, r.text)# 1、登录接口r = self.reg.api_login(keywords=keywords, password=password)# 2、查询结果self.assertIn(expect_text, r.text)except Exception as e:# 日志print(e)# 抛异常raise# 查询登录状态 测试@parameterized.expand(read_json("register_login.json", "login_status"))def test05_login_status(self, status, expect_text):try:if status == "已登录":# 1、调用登录接口self.reg.api_login(keywords="13600001111", password="test123")# 2、调用查询登录结果接口r = self.reg.api_login_status()self.assertIn(expect_text, r.text)except Exception as e:# 日志print(e)# 抛出异常raise