前言

在嵌入式系统的开发中࿰c;LED点阵显示器是一种常见的显示设备࿰c;它可以用来显示各种图形和文字࿰c;为用户提供直观的信息反馈。本文将介绍如何使用Proteus软件和class="tags" href="/51DanPianJi.html" title=51class="tags" href="/DanPianJi.html" title=单片机>单片机>51class="tags" href="/DanPianJi.html" title=单片机>单片机来驱动一个8x8的LED点阵显示器。

Proteus是一款强大的电子设计自动化（EDA）工具࿰c;它包含了电路仿真、微处理器仿真、PCB设计等多种功能࿰c;非常适合用于嵌入式系统的开发和学习。而class="tags" href="/51DanPianJi.html" title=51class="tags" href="/DanPianJi.html" title=单片机>单片机>51class="tags" href="/DanPianJi.html" title=单片机>单片机则是一种广泛应用的微控制器࿰c;它的编程语言是C语言࿰c;易于学习和使用。

在本文中࿰c;我们将首先介绍LED点阵显示器的工作原理࿰c;然后讲解如何使用Proteus软件和class="tags" href="/51DanPianJi.html" title=51class="tags" href="/DanPianJi.html" title=单片机>单片机>51class="tags" href="/DanPianJi.html" title=单片机>单片机来驱动LED点阵显示器࿰c;包括硬件连接、软件编程等步骤。我们还将提供一些示例代码࿰c;帮助读者更好地理解和掌握这个过程。

如何点亮led点阵

LED点阵的工作原理基于电平控制。在一个常见的8x8 LED点阵中࿰c;我们有8个行引脚和8个列引脚࿰c;总共16个引脚用于控制64个LED灯。

以下是一个简单的例子来说明如何点亮LED点阵中的特定LED：

假设我们有一个8x8的LED点阵࿰c;我们想要点亮第一行第一列的LED。我们首先需要确定LED点阵是共阳极还是共阴极：

• 共阳极：在这种情况下࿰c;所有LED的阳极（正极）都连接在一起࿰c;形成行或列。要点亮特定的LED࿰c;我们需要将其阳极连接的行引脚设置为高电平࿰c;将其阴极连接的列引脚设置为低电平。所以࿰c;要点亮第一行第一列的LED࿰c;我们将第一行引脚设置为高电平࿰c;第一列引脚设置为低电平。

• 共阴极：在这种情况下࿰c;所有LED的阴极（负极）都连接在一起࿰c;形成行或列。要点亮特定的LED࿰c;我们需要将其阴极连接的行引脚设置为低电平࿰c;将其阳极连接的列引脚设置为高电平。所以࿰c;要点亮第一行第一列的LED࿰c;我们将第一行引脚设置为低电平࿰c;第一列引脚设置为高电平。

这就是如何通过控制电平来点亮LED点阵中的特定LED。要显示更复杂的图案࿰c;我们可以通过快速地改变每一行和每一列的电平࿰c;以控制每一个LED的亮度。由于人眼的视觉暂留效应࿰c;我们看到的将是一个完整的图案࿰c;而不是一闪一闪的LED灯。

仿真图

matrix点阵图搜索方式如下：
c="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/direct/1e679bf0804f4791b82a4f639e6c8c88.png" alt="在这里插入图片描述" />
电路图：
c="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/direct/8e3c3f4e71d64453a20ac26931c1409b.png" alt="在这里插入图片描述" />
其中࿰c;他上面为行࿰c;下面为列

代码点亮led

代码概况：

<code class="prism language-c">class="token macro property">class="token directive-hash">#class="token directive keyword">include class="token string"><regx52.h>  class="token comment">// 包含class="tags" href="/51DanPianJi.html" title=51class="tags" href="/DanPianJi.html" title=单片机>单片机>51class="tags" href="/DanPianJi.html" title=单片机>单片机的头文件class="token comment">// 定义LED点阵的行和列对应的端口
class="token macro property">class="token directive-hash">#class="token directive keyword">define class="token macro-name">LED_MATRIX_ROWS class="token expression">P2
class="token macro property">class="token directive-hash">#class="token directive keyword">define class="token macro-name">LED_MATRIX_COLS class="token expression">P1class="token comment">// 延时函数࿰c;用于控制LED点阵的刷新速度
class="token keyword">void class="token function">delayclass="token punctuation">(class="token keyword">unsigned class="token keyword">int msclass="token punctuation">) class="token punctuation">{class="token keyword">unsigned class="token keyword">int iclass="token punctuation">, jclass="token punctuation">;class="token keyword">forclass="token punctuation">(i class="token operator">= msclass="token punctuation">; i class="token operator">> class="token number">0class="token punctuation">; iclass="token operator">--class="token punctuation">)class="token keyword">forclass="token punctuation">(j class="token operator">= class="token number">120class="token punctuation">; j class="token operator">> class="token number">0class="token punctuation">; jclass="token operator">--class="token punctuation">)class="token punctuation">;
class="token punctuation">}class="token comment">// 8x8 LED点阵的显示缓冲区࿰c;用于存储要显示的图案
class="token keyword">unsigned class="token keyword">char led_matrix_bufferclass="token punctuation">[class="token number">8class="token punctuation">] class="token operator">= class="token punctuation">{class="token number">0class="token punctuation">}class="token punctuation">;class="token comment">// LED点阵的初始化函数࿰c;设置行和列的初始状态
class="token keyword">void class="token function">LedMatrix_Initclass="token punctuation">(class="token punctuation">) class="token punctuation">{class="token comment">// 将行设置为低电平࿰c;列设置为高电平LED_MATRIX_ROWS class="token operator">= class="token number">0x00class="token punctuation">;LED_MATRIX_COLS class="token operator">= class="token number">0xFFclass="token punctuation">;
class="token punctuation">}class="token comment">// LED点阵的刷新函数࿰c;用于更新LED点阵的显示
class="token keyword">void class="token function">LedMatrix_Refreshclass="token punctuation">(class="token punctuation">) class="token punctuation">{class="token keyword">unsigned class="token keyword">char iclass="token punctuation">;class="token keyword">for class="token punctuation">(i class="token operator">= class="token number">0class="token punctuation">; i class="token operator">< class="token number">8class="token punctuation">; iclass="token operator">++class="token punctuation">) class="token punctuation">{LED_MATRIX_COLS class="token operator">= class="token operator">~class="token punctuation">(class="token number">1 class="token operator"><< iclass="token punctuation">)class="token punctuation">; class="token comment">// 选择当前列LED_MATRIX_ROWS class="token operator">= led_matrix_bufferclass="token punctuation">[iclass="token punctuation">]class="token punctuation">; class="token comment">// 输出当前列的数据class="token function">delayclass="token punctuation">(class="token number">1class="token punctuation">)class="token punctuation">; class="token comment">// 延时以提供足够的显示时间LED_MATRIX_COLS class="token operator">= class="token number">0xFFclass="token punctuation">; class="token comment">// 关闭所有列࿰c;准备切换到下一列class="token punctuation">}
class="token punctuation">}class="token comment">// 主函数
class="token keyword">void class="token function">mainclass="token punctuation">(class="token punctuation">) class="token punctuation">{class="token function">LedMatrix_Initclass="token punctuation">(class="token punctuation">)class="token punctuation">; class="token comment">// 初始化LED点阵led_matrix_bufferclass="token punctuation">[class="token number">0class="token punctuation">] class="token operator">= class="token number">0xaaclass="token punctuation">; class="token comment">// 设置要显示的图案class="token keyword">while class="token punctuation">(class="token number">1class="token punctuation">) class="token punctuation">{class="token function">LedMatrix_Refreshclass="token punctuation">(class="token punctuation">)class="token punctuation">; class="token comment">// 不断刷新LED点阵以显示图案class="token punctuation">}
class="token punctuation">}
code>

其中࿰c;最重要的就是LedMatrix_Refresh函数与<code>led_matrix_buffercode>变量

核心代码解析

<code>led_matrix_buffercode>这个数组每一个元素存一行的led亮灭数据࿰c;我们通过写入他到引脚࿰c;就可以点亮led了

<code>LedMatrix_Refreshcode>函数：

<code class="prism language-c">class="token comment">// LED点阵的刷新函数࿰c;用于更新LED点阵的显示
class="token keyword">void class="token function">LedMatrix_Refreshclass="token punctuation">(class="token punctuation">) class="token punctuation">{class="token keyword">unsigned class="token keyword">char iclass="token punctuation">;class="token keyword">for class="token punctuation">(i class="token operator">= class="token number">0class="token punctuation">; i class="token operator">< class="token number">8class="token punctuation">; iclass="token operator">++class="token punctuation">) class="token punctuation">{LED_MATRIX_COLS class="token operator">= class="token operator">~class="token punctuation">(class="token number">1 class="token operator"><< iclass="token punctuation">)class="token punctuation">; class="token comment">// 选择当前列LED_MATRIX_ROWS class="token operator">= led_matrix_bufferclass="token punctuation">[iclass="token punctuation">]class="token punctuation">; class="token comment">// 输出当前列的数据class="token function">delayclass="token punctuation">(class="token number">1class="token punctuation">)class="token punctuation">; class="token comment">// 延时以提供足够的显示时间LED_MATRIX_COLS class="token operator">= class="token number">0xFFclass="token punctuation">; class="token comment">// 关闭所有列࿰c;准备切换到下一列class="token punctuation">}
class="token punctuation">}
code>

这个行数是使用扫描的方式来点亮led的
<code>LED_MATRIX_COLS = ~(1 << i); // 选择当前列code>二进制变化变化：
当i = 0时࿰c;1 << i = 00000001࿰c;取反后~(1 << i) = 11111110
当i = 1时࿰c;1 << i = 00000010࿰c;取反后~(1 << i) = 11111101
当i = 2时࿰c;1 << i = 00000100࿰c;取反后~(1 << i) = 11111011
他进行0~7的扫描࿰c;通过0位的变化࿰c;就可以让有高电平的行亮

然后把<code>led_matrix_buffer[i]code>的数据写入寄存器即可

爱心代码

<code class="prism language-c">class="token macro property">class="token directive-hash">#class="token directive keyword">include class="token string"><regx52.h>class="token comment">// ????????
class="token macro property">class="token directive-hash">#class="token directive keyword">define class="token macro-name">LED_MATRIX_ROWS class="token expression">P2
class="token macro property">class="token directive-hash">#class="token directive keyword">define class="token macro-name">LED_MATRIX_COLS class="token expression">P1class="token keyword">void class="token function">delayclass="token punctuation">(class="token keyword">unsigned class="token keyword">int msclass="token punctuation">) class="token punctuation">{class="token keyword">unsigned class="token keyword">int iclass="token punctuation">, jclass="token punctuation">;class="token keyword">forclass="token punctuation">(i class="token operator">= msclass="token punctuation">; i class="token operator">> class="token number">0class="token punctuation">; iclass="token operator">--class="token punctuation">)class="token keyword">forclass="token punctuation">(j class="token operator">= class="token number">120class="token punctuation">; j class="token operator">> class="token number">0class="token punctuation">; jclass="token operator">--class="token punctuation">)class="token punctuation">;
class="token punctuation">}class="token comment">// 8x8 LED????????
class="token keyword">unsigned class="token keyword">char led_matrix_bufferclass="token punctuation">[class="token number">8class="token punctuation">] class="token operator">= class="token punctuation">{class="token number">0class="token punctuation">}class="token punctuation">;class="token comment">// ?????
class="token keyword">void class="token function">LedMatrix_Initclass="token punctuation">(class="token punctuation">) class="token punctuation">{class="token comment">// ???????????LED_MATRIX_ROWS class="token operator">= class="token number">0x00class="token punctuation">;LED_MATRIX_COLS class="token operator">= class="token number">0xFFclass="token punctuation">;
class="token punctuation">}class="token comment">// ??????
class="token keyword">void class="token function">LedMatrix_Refreshclass="token punctuation">(class="token punctuation">) class="token punctuation">{class="token keyword">unsigned class="token keyword">char iclass="token punctuation">;class="token keyword">for class="token punctuation">(i class="token operator">= class="token number">0class="token punctuation">; i class="token operator">< class="token number">8class="token punctuation">; iclass="token operator">++class="token punctuation">) class="token punctuation">{LED_MATRIX_COLS class="token operator">= class="token operator">~class="token punctuation">(class="token number">1 class="token operator"><< iclass="token punctuation">)class="token punctuation">; class="token comment">// ?????LED_MATRIX_ROWS class="token operator">= led_matrix_bufferclass="token punctuation">[iclass="token punctuation">]class="token punctuation">; class="token comment">// ????????class="token function">delayclass="token punctuation">(class="token number">1class="token punctuation">)class="token punctuation">; class="token comment">// ??????????????LED_MATRIX_COLS class="token operator">= class="token number">0xFFclass="token punctuation">; class="token comment">// ?????,????????class="token punctuation">}
class="token punctuation">}class="token comment">// ???
class="token keyword">void class="token function">mainclass="token punctuation">(class="token punctuation">) class="token punctuation">{class="token function">LedMatrix_Initclass="token punctuation">(class="token punctuation">)class="token punctuation">; class="token comment">// ???LED??led_matrix_bufferclass="token punctuation">[class="token number">0class="token punctuation">] class="token operator">= class="token number">0x00class="token punctuation">; class="token comment">// ?1???led_matrix_bufferclass="token punctuation">[class="token number">1class="token punctuation">] class="token operator">= class="token number">0x66class="token punctuation">; class="token comment">// ?2???led_matrix_bufferclass="token punctuation">[class="token number">2class="token punctuation">] class="token operator">= class="token number">0xFFclass="token punctuation">; class="token comment">// ?3???led_matrix_bufferclass="token punctuation">[class="token number">3class="token punctuation">] class="token operator">= class="token number">0xFFclass="token punctuation">; class="token comment">// ?4???led_matrix_bufferclass="token punctuation">[class="token number">4class="token punctuation">] class="token operator">= class="token number">0x7Eclass="token punctuation">; class="token comment">// ?5???led_matrix_bufferclass="token punctuation">[class="token number">5class="token punctuation">] class="token operator">= class="token number">0x3Cclass="token punctuation">; class="token comment">// ?6???led_matrix_bufferclass="token punctuation">[class="token number">6class="token punctuation">] class="token operator">= class="token number">0x18class="token punctuation">; class="token comment">// ?7???led_matrix_bufferclass="token punctuation">[class="token number">7class="token punctuation">] class="token operator">= class="token number">0x00class="token punctuation">; class="token comment">// ?8???class="token keyword">while class="token punctuation">(class="token number">1class="token punctuation">) class="token punctuation">{class="token function">LedMatrix_Refreshclass="token punctuation">(class="token punctuation">)class="token punctuation">; class="token comment">// ????class="token punctuation">}
class="token punctuation">}
code>

c="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/direct/cc666f2efe27457ba8f6352ca067d954.png" alt="在这里插入图片描述" />

滚动

<code class="prism language-c">class="token macro property">class="token directive-hash">#class="token directive keyword">include class="token string"><regx52.h>class="token comment">// ????????
class="token macro property">class="token directive-hash">#class="token directive keyword">define class="token macro-name">LED_MATRIX_ROWS class="token expression">P2
class="token macro property">class="token directive-hash">#class="token directive keyword">define class="token macro-name">LED_MATRIX_COLS class="token expression">P1class="token keyword">void class="token function">delayclass="token punctuation">(class="token keyword">unsigned class="token keyword">int msclass="token punctuation">) class="token punctuation">{class="token keyword">unsigned class="token keyword">int iclass="token punctuation">, jclass="token punctuation">;class="token keyword">forclass="token punctuation">(i class="token operator">= msclass="token punctuation">; i class="token operator">> class="token number">0class="token punctuation">; iclass="token operator">--class="token punctuation">)class="token keyword">forclass="token punctuation">(j class="token operator">= class="token number">120class="token punctuation">; j class="token operator">> class="token number">0class="token punctuation">; jclass="token operator">--class="token punctuation">)class="token punctuation">;
class="token punctuation">}class="token comment">// 8x8 LED????????
class="token keyword">unsigned class="token keyword">char led_matrix_bufferclass="token punctuation">[class="token number">8class="token punctuation">] class="token operator">= class="token punctuation">{class="token number">0class="token punctuation">}class="token punctuation">;class="token comment">// ?????
class="token keyword">void class="token function">LedMatrix_Initclass="token punctuation">(class="token punctuation">) class="token punctuation">{class="token comment">// ???????????LED_MATRIX_ROWS class="token operator">= class="token number">0x00class="token punctuation">;LED_MATRIX_COLS class="token operator">= class="token number">0xFFclass="token punctuation">;
class="token punctuation">}class="token comment">// ??????
class="token keyword">void class="token function">LedMatrix_Refreshclass="token punctuation">(class="token punctuation">) class="token punctuation">{class="token keyword">unsigned class="token keyword">char iclass="token punctuation">;class="token keyword">for class="token punctuation">(i class="token operator">= class="token number">0class="token punctuation">; i class="token operator">< class="token number">8class="token punctuation">; iclass="token operator">++class="token punctuation">) class="token punctuation">{LED_MATRIX_COLS class="token operator">= class="token operator">~class="token punctuation">(class="token number">1 class="token operator"><< iclass="token punctuation">)class="token punctuation">; class="token comment">// ?????LED_MATRIX_ROWS class="token operator">= led_matrix_bufferclass="token punctuation">[iclass="token punctuation">]class="token punctuation">; class="token comment">// ????????class="token function">delayclass="token punctuation">(class="token number">1class="token punctuation">)class="token punctuation">; class="token comment">// ??????????????LED_MATRIX_COLS class="token operator">= class="token number">0xFFclass="token punctuation">; class="token comment">// ?????,????????class="token punctuation">}
class="token punctuation">}class="token keyword">void class="token function">rollclass="token punctuation">(class="token punctuation">)
class="token punctuation">{class="token keyword">unsigned class="token keyword">char i class="token operator">= class="token number">0class="token punctuation">;class="token keyword">unsigned class="token keyword">char temp class="token operator">= led_matrix_bufferclass="token punctuation">[class="token number">0class="token punctuation">]class="token punctuation">;class="token keyword">for class="token punctuation">(i class="token operator">= class="token number">0class="token punctuation">; i class="token operator">< class="token number">7class="token punctuation">; iclass="token operator">++class="token punctuation">) class="token punctuation">{led_matrix_bufferclass="token punctuation">[iclass="token punctuation">] class="token operator">= led_matrix_bufferclass="token punctuation">[i class="token operator">+ class="token number">1class="token punctuation">]class="token punctuation">;class="token punctuation">}led_matrix_bufferclass="token punctuation">[class="token number">7class="token punctuation">] class="token operator">= tempclass="token punctuation">;
class="token punctuation">}class="token comment">// ???
class="token keyword">void class="token function">mainclass="token punctuation">(class="token punctuation">) class="token punctuation">{class="token function">LedMatrix_Initclass="token punctuation">(class="token punctuation">)class="token punctuation">; class="token comment">// ???LED??led_matrix_bufferclass="token punctuation">[class="token number">0class="token punctuation">] class="token operator">= class="token number">0x00class="token punctuation">; class="token comment">// ?1???led_matrix_bufferclass="token punctuation">[class="token number">1class="token punctuation">] class="token operator">= class="token number">0x66class="token punctuation">; class="token comment">// ?2???led_matrix_bufferclass="token punctuation">[class="token number">2class="token punctuation">] class="token operator">= class="token number">0xFFclass="token punctuation">; class="token comment">// ?3???led_matrix_bufferclass="token punctuation">[class="token number">3class="token punctuation">] class="token operator">= class="token number">0xFFclass="token punctuation">; class="token comment">// ?4???led_matrix_bufferclass="token punctuation">[class="token number">4class="token punctuation">] class="token operator">= class="token number">0x7Eclass="token punctuation">; class="token comment">// ?5???led_matrix_bufferclass="token punctuation">[class="token number">5class="token punctuation">] class="token operator">= class="token number">0x3Cclass="token punctuation">; class="token comment">// ?6???led_matrix_bufferclass="token punctuation">[class="token number">6class="token punctuation">] class="token operator">= class="token number">0x18class="token punctuation">; class="token comment">// ?7???led_matrix_bufferclass="token punctuation">[class="token number">7class="token punctuation">] class="token operator">= class="token number">0x00class="token punctuation">; class="token comment">// ?8???class="token keyword">while class="token punctuation">(class="token number">1class="token punctuation">) class="token punctuation">{class="token function">LedMatrix_Refreshclass="token punctuation">(class="token punctuation">)class="token punctuation">; class="token comment">// ????class="token function">delayclass="token punctuation">(class="token number">10class="token punctuation">)class="token punctuation">;class="token function">rollclass="token punctuation">(class="token punctuation">)class="token punctuation">;class="token punctuation">}
class="token punctuation">}
code>

总结

通过本文的学习࿰c;我们了解了如何使用Proteus软件和class="tags" href="/51DanPianJi.html" title=51class="tags" href="/DanPianJi.html" title=单片机>单片机>51class="tags" href="/DanPianJi.html" title=单片机>单片机来驱动一个8x8的LED点阵显示器。我们学习了LED点阵显示器的工作原理࿰c;掌握了硬件连接和软件编程的方法࿰c;还通过实际的示例代码࿰c;深入了解了这个过程。

虽然本文的内容可能对初学者来说有些复杂࿰c;但只要我们耐心学习࿰c;不断实践࿰c;就一定能够掌握这些知识。同时࿰c;我们也应该注意࿰c;学习嵌入式系统开发不仅仅是学习编程和电路设计࿰c;更重要的是学习解决问题的方法和思维方式。

希望本文能够帮助你入门Proteus和class="tags" href="/51DanPianJi.html" title=51class="tags" href="/DanPianJi.html" title=单片机>单片机>51class="tags" href="/DanPianJi.html" title=单片机>单片机的学习࿰c;为你的嵌入式系统开发之旅打下坚实的基础。如果你在学习过程中遇到任何问题࿰c;或者有任何建议和反馈࿰c;欢迎随时与我们联系。祝你学习愉快࿰c;期待你在嵌入式系统开发的道路上取得更大的进步！