Cloud computing has been very boring for a long time. Everything is inside the data center and you don’t even see the systems that you are working on. But not anymore. With Edge Computing, the server is no longer confined to inside the data center. It is out there touching our daily life and computing is happening in real world and real time.

长期以来，云计算一直很无聊。 一切都在数据中心内部，甚至看不到您正在使用的系统。 但现在不再。 使用Edge Computing，服务器不再局限于数据中心内部。 它在那里触及我们的日常生活，并且计算在现实世界中实时发生。

Unlike the servers inside the data center which never see the sunlight, edge computer can be covered in snow or exposed to scorching heat in the middle of a desert.

与数据中心内部的服务器永远看不到阳光不同，边缘计算机可以在积雪中或在沙漠中暴露于炎热的环境中。

室内与室外 (Indoor versus Outdoor)

Compare with an outdoor edge server, a server hosted in the data center is like living in a sheltered environment. With outdoor edge server, it is subjected to random events which cannot be predicted e.g. natural disaster and vandalism. Hence, the design of the outdoor edge server has to be weather proof, water proof and temper proof etc.

与室外边缘服务器相比，数据中心中托管的服务器就像生活在一个庇护环境中。 对于室外边缘服务器，它会遭受无法预测的随机事件，例如自然灾害和故意破坏。 因此，室外边缘服务器的设计必须是防风雨，防水和防暴风雨的。

To provide guidance to designers, a two-digit number system was created by the International Electro Technical Commission. Please see the IP Ratings guide below from NEMA Enclosures on how to decode the two-digit number.

为了向设计人员提供指导，国际电子技术委员会创建了一个两位数的编号系统。 请参阅下面NEMA机箱中的IP等级指南，了解如何解码两位数。

The IP Code, or Ingress Protection Code, IEC standard 60529, sometimes interpreted as International Protection Code, classifies and rates the degree of protection provided by mechanical casings and electrical enclosures against intrusion, dust, accidental contact, and water. It is published by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). The equivalent European standard is EN 60529.

IP规范 (或称为Ingress Protection Code ， IEC标准60529)，有时也解释为International Protection Code ( 国际保护规范) ，对机械外壳和电气外壳提供的防止侵入， 灰尘 ，意外接触和进水的防护等级进行分类和分级。 它由国际电工委员会 (IEC)发布。 等效的欧洲标准是EN 60529。

The standard aims to provide users more detailed information than vague marketing terms such as waterproof. For example, a cellular phone rated at IP68 is “dust resistant” and can be “immersed in 1.5 meters of freshwater for up to 30 minutes”. Similarly, an electrical socket rated IP22 is protected against insertion of fingers and will not be damaged or become unsafe during a specified test in which it is exposed to vertically or nearly vertically dripping water. IP22 or IP2X are typical minimum requirements for the design of electrical accessories for indoor use. For more details, please visit the web page below.

该标准旨在为用户提供比模糊的营销术语(例如防水)更详细的信息。 例如，防护等级为IP68的手机具有“防尘性”，可以“浸入1.5米的淡水中长达30分钟”。 同样，防护等级为IP22的电源插座也可防止手指插入，并且在指定的测试中(垂直或几乎垂直滴水)，不会损坏或变得不安全。 IP22或IP2X是设计室内电气附件的典型最低要求。 有关更多详细信息，请访问下面的网页。

As an example, the picture below is an IP65 design for 5G. That means the design is protected from total dust ingress and from low pressure water jets from any direction.

例如，下图是5G的IP65设计。 这意味着可以保护设计免受总灰尘进入和任何方向的低压喷水的侵害。

Credit: Supermicro

信用：Supermicro

边缘服务器内部有什么 (What Is Inside the Edge Server)

An edge server can be a standalone system that handles all the processing locally without being connected to the cloud or data centers. With most of the outdoor edge servers, it will interact with the outside world. What is inside the edge server will depend on the applications. Using different add on cards and software, the edge server can support different applications.

边缘服务器可以是独立的系统，可以在不连接到云或数据中心的情况下本地处理所有处理。 使用大多数户外边缘服务器，它将与外界交互。 边缘服务器内部的内容取决于应用程序。 使用不同的附加卡和软件，边缘服务器可以支持不同的应用程序。

Here is an example of a 5G O-RAN Distribution Unit (DU). In a distributed 5G cloud RAN architecture the DU is collocated with the Remote Radio Unit (RRU). Inside the server, there are two add on cards.

这是5G O-RAN分配单元(DU)的示例。 在分布式5G云RAN体系结构中，DU与远程无线电单元(RRU)并置。 在服务器内部，有两个附加卡。

The first card is the Intel® Ethernet 700 Series Network Adapter with Hardware-Enhanced Precision Time Protocol (PTP) which brings higher accuracy IEEE 1588 PTP synchronization signaling to the Ethernet and onto the Edge platform to provide more precise clock synchronization for 5G use cases.

第一张卡是具有硬件增强的精确时间协议(PTP)的英特尔®以太网700系列网络适配器，该适配器将更高精度的IEEE 1588 PTP同步信号传送到以太网和Edge平台，以为5G用例提供更精确的时钟同步。

The second card is the Intel FPGA Programmable Acceleration Card N3000. The DU in this example will support 12 sectors of RRUs requiring a large amount of digital signal processing in real-time to perform the CPRI-to-eCPRI conversion. This task can be offloaded to the FPGA card. This card accelerates network traffic up to 100Gbps to support low latency and high bandwidth tasks such as FEC acceleration at the PHY layer. (Note. CPRI stands for Common Public Radio Interface and eCPRI stands for Enhanced Common Public Radio Interface.)

第二张卡是英特尔FPGA可编程加速卡N3000。 此示例中的DU将支持需要实时进行大量数字信号处理以执行CPRI到eCPRI转换的12个RRU扇区。 可以将该任务卸载到FPGA卡。 该卡可将网络流量加速至100Gbps，以支持低延迟和高带宽任务，例如PHY层的FEC加速。 (注意。CPRI代表通用公共无线电接口，eCPRI代表 增强的公共公用无线电接口。)

Now that we have figured out the hardware inside the edge server, the next step is making it work in an outdoor environment. And this is where the fun begins!

现在我们已经弄清了边缘服务器内部的硬件，下一步是使其在室外环境中工作。 这就是乐趣的开始！

户外边缘服务器 (Outdoor Edge Server)

To make the edge server ready for outdoor, the first thing we have to do is to match it with an IP65 enclosure so that it can handle the harsh outdoor environments. Since this is for telecom usage, it has to be compliant with the GR-3108-CORE and GR-487-CORE requirements.

为了使边缘服务器能够在室外使用，我们要做的第一件事就是将其与IP65机箱相匹配，以使其能够应对恶劣的室外环境。 由于这是用于电信用途，因此必须符合GR-3108-CORE和GR-487-CORE的要求。

After the enclosure is chosen, we need to figure out how to make the edge server work when it is freezing cold or under extreme heat. In this example, the operating temperature range is -40°C ~ 50°C (-40°F ~ 122°F.) To make it work, the design has a high-efficiency heat exchanger and a 300W heater.

选择机柜后，我们需要弄清楚边缘服务器在寒冷或极热的情况下如何工作。 在此示例中，工作温度范围为-40°C〜50°C(-40°F〜122°F。)为了使其工作，该设计具有高效的热交换器和300W的加热器。

To meet the IP65 requirements, the design also has to be tamper-proof. The enclosure is designed to have lockable buckles, cabinet intrusion detection, and self-diagnosis.

为了满足IP65要求，设计还必须防篡改。 机箱设计为具有可锁定的带扣，机柜入侵检测和自我诊断功能。

Hardware cannot work without software. While it is not the scope of this article to go into details on the application software that goes inside the edge server, it is important to have robust remote management software as the edge server could be located somewhere that is hard to reach.

没有软件，硬件将无法运行。 尽管不在边缘服务器内部的应用程序软件的详细讨论不在本文的范围之内，但是拥有强大的远程管理软件也很重要，因为边缘服务器可能位于难以访问的位置。

汇集全部 (Bringing It All Together)

Designing an outdoor edge server can be very challenging. However, making it all work together is the fun part. On top of the hardware and software integration, depending on the type of applications, it’ll have to pass a number of certifications before it can be deployed. And there are a lot of different variables such as how it is being connected to the network, how it is being powered, and how it is being secured, etc?

设计室外边缘服务器可能非常具有挑战性。 但是，使它们一起工作是有趣的部分。 除了硬件和软件集成之外，根据应用程序的类型，还必须通过许多认证才能部署。 而且有许多不同的变量，例如如何将其连接到网络，如何为其供电以及如何对其进行保护等？

Compare with doing cookie-cutter server designs for the data center, the increased complexity in designing an outdoor edge server can be very daunting. But it can also be so much more fun once you get everything working.

与为数据中心进行曲奇切割服务器设计相比，设计室外边缘服务器所增加的复杂性可能非常艰巨。 但是，一旦一切正常，它也会变得更加有趣。