Android Camera软件系统中,每路Stream的Buffer都是DMA-BUF,这种Buffer通常对外暴露的结构是ANativeWindowBuffer或GraphicBuffer(跨进程传递时用的native_handle_t),本文介绍Android系统中AHardwareBuffer、ANativeWindowBuffer和GraphicBuffer的关系。ANativeWindowBuffer、AHardwareBuffer都是GraphicBuffer通过类型转换而来,ANativeWindowBuffer对native_handle_t进行了封装。
ANativeWindowBuffer
ANativeWindowBuffer定义在nativebase.h头文件中。
frameworks/native/libs/nativebase/include/nativebase/nativebase.h
定义如下:
typedef struct ANativeWindowBuffer
{
#ifdef __cplusplusANativeWindowBuffer() {common.magic = ANDROID_NATIVE_BUFFER_MAGIC;common.version = sizeof(ANativeWindowBuffer);memset(common.reserved, 0, sizeof(common.reserved));}// Implement the methods that sp<ANativeWindowBuffer> expects so that it// can be used to automatically refcount ANativeWindowBuffer's.void incStrong(const void* /*id*/) const {common.incRef(const_cast<android_native_base_t*>(&common));}void decStrong(const void* /*id*/) const {common.decRef(const_cast<android_native_base_t*>(&common));}
#endifstruct android_native_base_t common;int width;int height;int stride;int format;int usage_deprecated;uintptr_t layerCount;void* reserved[1];const native_handle_t* handle;uint64_t usage;// we needed extra space for storing the 64-bits usage flags// the number of slots to use from reserved_proc depends on the// architecture.void* reserved_proc[8 - (sizeof(uint64_t) / sizeof(void*))];
} ANativeWindowBuffer_t;typedef struct ANativeWindowBuffer ANativeWindowBuffer;
可以看到它是一个结构体,重要的成员有:
- handle
- width
- height
- stride
- format
- usage
ANativeWindowBuffer描述的是一块DMA Buffer,handle中包含了Buffer的FD,其他成员是该Buffer的一些描述/补充。
GraphicBuffer
GraphicBuffer的头文件分为
– frameworks/native/libs/ui/include_vndk/ui/GraphicBuffer.h
– frameworks/native/libs/ui/include/ui/GraphicBuffer.h
GraphicBuffer继承自ANativeWindowBuffer。
我们可以在Vendor/System分区使用GraphicBuffer,用到的库是libui.so(支持VNDK)。
AHardwareBuffer
AHardwareBuffer定义在
frameworks/native/libs/nativewindow/include/android/hardware_buffer.h
定义如下:
/*** Opaque handle for a native hardware buffer.*/
typedef struct AHardwareBuffer AHardwareBuffer;
所以,AHardwareBuffer是一个抽象的概念,没有具体类型(类似void类型),主要用于在同一进程的不同模块间传递ANativeWindowBuffer。
GraphicBuffer 与 ANativeWindowBuffer相互转换
GraphicBuffer提供了接口来做转换,使用的static_cast。
GraphicBuffer转成ANativeWindowBuffer:
ANativeWindowBuffer* GraphicBuffer::getNativeBuffer() const
{return static_cast<ANativeWindowBuffer*>(const_cast<GraphicBuffer*>(this));
}
ANativeWindowBuffer转换成GraphicBuffer:
sp<GraphicBuffer> GraphicBuffer::from(ANativeWindowBuffer* anwb) {return static_cast<GraphicBuffer *>(anwb);
}
AHardwareBuffer 与 GraphicBuffer 相互转换
GraphicBuffer提供了接口来做转换,使用的reinterpret_cast。
AHardwareBuffer 转换成GraphicBuffer:
GraphicBuffer* GraphicBuffer::fromAHardwareBuffer(AHardwareBuffer* buffer) {return reinterpret_cast<GraphicBuffer*>(buffer);
}
GraphicBuffer转换成AHardwareBuffer:
AHardwareBuffer const* GraphicBuffer::toAHardwareBuffer() const {return reinterpret_cast<AHardwareBuffer const*>(this);
}
AHardwareBuffer 与 ANativeWindowBuffer相互转换
他们两不能直接转换,必须借助GraphicBuffer来作为中间桥梁。
AHardwareBuffer转换成ANativeWindowBuffer:
frameworks/native/libs/nativewindow/AHardwareBuffer.cpp
定义了AHardwareBuffer_to_ANativeWindowBuffer方法完成该转换(注:无法在Vendor分区使用)
ANativeWindowBuffer* AHardwareBuffer_to_ANativeWindowBuffer(AHardwareBuffer* buffer) {return AHardwareBuffer_to_GraphicBuffer(buffer)->getNativeBuffer();
}
先将AHardwareBuffer转换成GraphicBuffer,然后再调用GraphicBuffer的getNativeBuffer。
ANativeWindowBuffer转换成AHardwareBuffer:
先将ANativeWindowBuffer转换成GraphicBuffer,再调用toAHardwareBuffer获取到HardwareBuffer。
sp<GraphicBuffer> GraphicBuffer::from(ANativeWindowBuffer* anwb) {return static_cast<GraphicBuffer *>(anwb);
}AHardwareBuffer* GraphicBuffer::toAHardwareBuffer() {return reinterpret_cast<AHardwareBuffer*>(this);
}
如何创建ANativeWindowBuffer
为了让ANativeWindowBuffer有智能指针的作用,需要定义一个类继承自ANativeWindowBuffer和android::RefBase(如果不想要智能指针的作用则不用做这一步)。
举例:
class NativeBuffer : public ANativeWindowBuffer, public android::RefBase
{
public:void incStrong(const void* id) const { RefBase::incStrong(id); }void decStrong(const void* id) const { RefBase::decStrong(id); }NativeBuffer(INT32 widthIn, INT32 heightIn, INT32 strideIn, INT32 formatIn,INT32 usageIn, native_handle_t *handleIn) :ANativeWindowBuffer(), RefBase(){width = widthIn;height = heightIn;stride = strideIn;format = formatIn;usage = usageIn;handle = handleIn;common.incRef = incRef;common.decRef = decRef;}private:static void incRef(android_native_base_t* base){NativeBuffer *self = static_cast<NativeBuffer*>(reinterpret_cast<ANativeWindowBuffer*>(base));self->incStrong(self);}static void decRef(android_native_base_t* base){NativeBuffer *self = static_cast<NativeBuffer*>(reinterpret_cast<ANativeWindowBuffer*>(base));self->decStrong(self);}
};
这里面主要实现incRef和decRef,会尝试static_cast检查能否正常进行转换,然后调用RefBase相应的接口。
使用时,直接new NativeBuffer
new NativeBuffer(width, height, stride, m_formatInput, m_usage, static_cast<native_handle_t*>(pImage->pNativeHandle));
reinterpret_cast与static_cast的作用和区别
reinterpret_cast用于执行低级别的类型转换,可以将一个指针或引用转换为另一种不同类型的指针或引用。它允许将任何指针类型转换为任何其他指针类型,即使它们之间没有任何关系。这种转换是非常危险的,潜在地导致未定义行为,因此应该谨慎使用。reinterpret_cast通常用于底层编程,例如将指针转换为整数类型或将数据强制转换为特定的内存布局。
static_cast是一种较为安全的类型转换操作符,它主要用于相关类型之间的转换,例如整数之间的转换、父类指针/引用到子类指针/引用的转换等。static_cast会在编译时进行类型检查,并检查是否存在可行的转换路径。如果存在转换,则进行转换,否则会产生编译错误。相对于reinterpret_cast,static_cast提供了更多的类型安全性,并且在一定程度上减少了潜在的错误。
总结一下:
- reinterpret_cast执行低级别的类型转换,允许将任何指针类型转换为任何其他指针类型,但是风险较高,容易导致未定义行为。
- static_cast用于相关类型之间的转换,提供了较为安全的类型转换,并在编译时进行类型检查,如果存在可行的转换路径,则进行转换,否则产生编译错误。