golang官方指南[1]给了一些代码片段，层层递进演示了信道的能力:
1>. 信号量
2>. 限流能力
var sem = make(chan int, MaxOutstanding) func Serve(queue chan *Request) {for req := range queue {req:= reqsem <- 1 go func() { // 只会开启MaxOutstanding个并发协程process(req)<-sem}()}
}上面出现了两个信道：
① sem 提供了限制服务端并发处理请求的信号量
② queue 提供了一个客户端请求队列，起媒介/解耦的作用
进一步指南给出了信道的另一个用法： 3>. 解多路复用
多路复用是网络编程中一个耳熟能详的概念，nginx redis等高性能web、内存kv都用到了这个技术 。
这个解多路复用是怎么理解呢？
离散/独立/并发的客户端请求被服务端Serve收敛之后， Serve就起到了多路复用的概念，在Request定义resultChan信道，就给每个客户端请求提供了独立获取请求结果的能力，这便是一种解多路复用。
从实际效果看这就是常见的互联网web服务器：一款具备请求排队功能的并发限流服务器。
官方指南并没有完整实现客户端和服务器端工程。
下面是我的工程化实现， 记录实践中遇到的问题。
并发受限服务器
/* 实现一个有请求队列功能的并发请求受限服务器*/package mainimport ("fmt""sync""time"
)var sem = make(chan int, Maxoutstanding)var wg2 sync.WaitGroupfunc server(queue chan *Request) {fmt.Printf("Server is already, listen req \n")for req := range queue {req := reqsem <- 1wg2.Add(1)go func() {defer wg2.Done()process(req)<-sem}()}
}func process(req *Request) {s := sum(req.args)req.resultChan <- s
}
func sum(a []int) (s int) {for i := 1; i <= a[0]; i++ {s += i}time.Sleep(time.Millisecond * 20)return s
}time.Sleep模拟服务器处理请求单次耗时20ms， 输出数字的累加，
eg： input： 100；
output: (1+100)/2*100 =5050
wg2 sync.WaitGroup是一个动态活跃的Goroutine计数器，注意用法和位置，wg2的作用是：等待所有请求处理完成。
并发客户端请求
for循环开启并发客户端请求，
每个请求入驻一个独立的Goroutine，独立向
信道queue投递请求和接收响应
package mainimport ("fmt""sync"
)type Request struct {args []intresultChan chan int
}var wg1 sync.WaitGroupfunc clients() {fmt.Printf("start %d concurrency client request\n ", concurrencyClients)for i := 1; i <= concurrencyClients; i++ {r := &Request{args: []int{i},resultChan: make(chan int),}wg1.Add(1)go ClientReq(r)}wg1.Wait() }func ClientReq(r *Request) {defer wg1.Done()queue <- rgo func() {res := <-r.resultChanfmt.Printf("current args is %d, the result is %d \n", r.args[0], res)}()
}wg1 WaitGroup的目的是确保所有的客户端请求都已经发出，之后客户端任务结束，所以此处我们新开Goroutine处理响应结果（这里又有闭包的参与）。
工程化
工程化代码的先后顺序，决定了代码是否死锁。
server需要处于监听状态，故先启动。
本处clients在主协程整体上是同步发送，如果放在
clients()的后面，clients内的wg1可能会有部分请求Goroutine阻塞在信道queue, 且没法唤醒, 运行时会检测出报死锁。
package mainimport ("fmt""time"
)var concurrencyClients = 1000
var queueLength = 100
var queue = make(chan *Request, queueLength) // 请求队列长度
var Maxoutstanding int = 10 // 服务器并发受限10func main() {go server(queue)var start = time.Now()clients() // 确保所有的请求都已经发出去wg2.Wait() // 确保服务器处理完所有的请求fmt.Printf("客户端并发%d请求，服务器请求队列长度%d，服务器限流%d，总共耗时%d ms \n", concurrencyClients, queueLength, Maxoutstanding, time.Since(start).Milliseconds())
}上面出现了3个配置变量
1>. 客户端并发请求数量concurrencyClients=100
2>. 服务器排队队列长度queueLength=100， 会作用到信道queue
3>. 服务器并发受限阈值Maxoutstanding=10
start 1000 concurrency client requestServer is already, listen req
current args is 14, the result is 105
current args is 2, the result is 3
current args is 3, the result is 6
current args is 1, the result is 1
current args is 4, the result is 10
current args is 8, the result is 36
current args is 6, the result is 21
current args is 12, the result is 78
current args is 5, the result is 15
current args is 7, the result is 28
current args is 18, the result is 171
current args is 16, the result is 136
current args is 15, the result is 120
current args is 20, the result is 210
current args is 19, the result is 190
current args is 13, the result is 91
current args is 21, the result is 231
current args is 10, the result is 55
current args is 17, the result is 153
current args is 9, the result is 45
current args is 22, the result is 253
current args is 28, the result is 406
current args is 27, the result is 378
current args is 11, the result is 66
current args is 26, the result is 351
current args is 30, the result is 465
current args is 23, the result is 276
current args is 25, the result is 325
current args is 29, the result is 435
current args is 24, the result is 300
current args is 31, the result is 496
current args is 34, the result is 595
current args is 38, the result is 741
current args is 36, the result is 666
current args is 41, the result is 861
current args is 32, the result is 528
current args is 35, the result is 630
current args is 33, the result is 561
current args is 37, the result is 703
current args is 39, the result is 780
current args is 52, the result is 1378
current args is 46, the result is 1081
current args is 47, the result is 1128
current args is 49, the result is 1225
current args is 45, the result is 1035
current args is 43, the result is 946
current args is 48, the result is 1176
current args is 40, the result is 820
current args is 42, the result is 903
current args is 44, the result is 990
current args is 59, the result is 1770
current args is 55, the result is 1540
current args is 53, the result is 1431
current args is 57, the result is 1653
current args is 51, the result is 1326
current args is 54, the result is 1485
current args is 50, the result is 1275
current args is 56, the result is 1596
current args is 58, the result is 1711
current args is 60, the result is 1830
current args is 66, the result is 2211
current args is 63, the result is 2016
current args is 70, the result is 2485
current args is 62, the result is 1953
current args is 61, the result is 1891
current args is 65, the result is 2145
current args is 67, the result is 2278
current args is 64, the result is 2080
current args is 68, the result is 2346
current args is 69, the result is 2415
current args is 76, the result is 2926
current args is 77, the result is 3003
current args is 71, the result is 2556
current args is 80, the result is 3240
current args is 75, the result is 2850
current args is 74, the result is 2775
current args is 73, the result is 2701
current args is 72, the result is 2628
current args is 78, the result is 3081
current args is 81, the result is 3321
current args is 89, the result is 4005
current args is 83, the result is 3486
current args is 88, the result is 3916
current args is 82, the result is 3403
current args is 79, the result is 3160
current args is 86, the result is 3741
current args is 84, the result is 3570
current args is 90, the result is 4095
current args is 85, the result is 3655
current args is 87, the result is 3828
current args is 101, the result is 5151
current args is 92, the result is 4278
current args is 94, the result is 4465
current args is 93, the result is 4371
current args is 98, the result is 4851
current args is 91, the result is 4186
current args is 99, the result is 4950
current args is 100, the result is 5050
current args is 95, the result is 4560
current args is 96, the result is 4656
current args is 109, the result is 5995
current args is 107, the result is 5778
current args is 108, the result is 5886
current args is 102, the result is 5253
current args is 103, the result is 5356
current args is 106, the result is 5671
current args is 105, the result is 5565
current args is 104, the result is 5460
current args is 111, the result is 6216
current args is 97, the result is 4753
current args is 120, the result is 7260
current args is 112, the result is 6328
current args is 113, the result is 6441
current args is 114, the result is 6555
current args is 110, the result is 6105
current args is 119, the result is 7140
current args is 115, the result is 6670
current args is 117, the result is 6903
current args is 116, the result is 6786
current args is 118, the result is 7021
current args is 123, the result is 7626
current args is 122, the result is 7503
current args is 130, the result is 8515
current args is 121, the result is 7381
current args is 126, the result is 8001
current args is 129, the result is 8385
......current args is 988, the result is 488566
current args is 992, the result is 492528
current args is 976, the result is 476776
current args is 984, the result is 484620
current args is 995, the result is 495510
current args is 999, the result is 499500
current args is 1000, the result is 500500
current args is 990, the result is 490545
客户端并发1000请求，服务器请求队列长度100，服务器限流10，总共耗时2099 ms读者可以随意调整3个参数的大小，来感受服务器调参的魅力。
并发客户端请求数concurrencyClients | 服务器请求队列queueLength | 服务器限流阈值 Maxoutstanding | 耗时ms |
|---|---|---|---|
1000 | 100 | 10 | 2067 |
1000 | 100 | 50 | 454 |
1000 | 100 | 100 | 210 |
1000 | 300 | 10 | 2082 |
1000 | 500 | 10 | 2071 |
3000 | 100 | 10 | 6259 |
5000 | 500 | 10 | 10516 |
完整代码传送门[2]
That’s All,本文根据golang有关信道的指南， 实现了一个带有请求队列功能的并发受限服务器， 巩固了信道、WaitGroup的用法。
参考资料
[1]
golang官方指南: https://go.dev/doc/effective_go
[2]完整代码传送门: https://github.com/zwbdzb/go_sample1
本篇文字和图片均为原创，读者可结合图片探索源码， 欢迎反馈 ~。。~。欢迎添加微信号 niumabujuan 交流撕逼。
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