2025-spring boot 之多数据源管理

1、是使用Spring提供的AbstractRoutingDataSource抽象类
注入多个数据源。

创建 DataSourceConfig 配置类通过spring jdbc 提供的带路由的抽象数据源 AbstractRoutingDataSource


import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Primary;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.lookup.AbstractRoutingDataSource;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;@Component
@Primary   // 将该Bean设置为主要注入Bean
public class DynamicDataSource extends AbstractRoutingDataSource {// 当前使用的数据源标识public static ThreadLocal<String> name = new ThreadLocal<>();// 写@AutowiredDataSource dataSource1;// 读@AutowiredDataSource dataSource2;// 返回当前数据源标识@Overrideprotected Object determineCurrentLookupKey() {return name.get();}@Overridepublic void afterPropertiesSet() {// 为targetDataSources初始化所有数据源Map<Object, Object> targetDataSources = new HashMap<>();targetDataSources.put("W", dataSource1);targetDataSources.put("R", dataSource2);super.setTargetDataSources(targetDataSources);// 为defaultTargetDataSource 设置默认的数据源super.setDefaultTargetDataSource(dataSource1);super.afterPropertiesSet();}
}

读取配置文件数据源

import com.alibaba.druid.spring.boot.autoconfigure.DruidDataSourceBuilder;
import com.tuling.dynamic.datasource.DynamicDataSource;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager;import javax.sql.DataSource;@Configuration
public class DataSourceConfig {@Bean@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource.datasource1")public DataSource dataSource1() {// 底层会自动拿到spring.datasource中的配置， 创建一个DruidDataSourcereturn DruidDataSourceBuilder.create().build();}@Bean@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource.datasource2")public DataSource dataSource2() {// 底层会自动拿到spring.datasource中的配置， 创建一个DruidDataSourcereturn DruidDataSourceBuilder.create().build();}@Beanpublic DataSourceTransactionManager transactionManager1(DynamicDataSource dataSource) {DataSourceTransactionManager dataSourceTransactionManager = new DataSourceTransactionManager();dataSourceTransactionManager.setDataSource(dataSource);return dataSourceTransactionManager;}@Beanpublic DataSourceTransactionManager transactionManager2(DynamicDataSource dataSource) {DataSourceTransactionManager dataSourceTransactionManager = new DataSourceTransactionManager();dataSourceTransactionManager.setDataSource(dataSource);return dataSourceTransactionManager;}
}

配置文件

spring:datasource:type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSourcedatasource1:url: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/datasource1?serverTimezone=UTC&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF8&useSSL=falseusername: rootpassword: 123456initial-size: 1min-idle: 1max-active: 20test-on-borrow: truedriver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driverdatasource2:url: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/datasource2?serverTimezone=UTC&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF8&useSSL=falseusername: rootpassword: 123456initial-size: 1min-idle: 1max-active: 20test-on-borrow: truedriver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver

自定义数据源注解


import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;@Target({ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.TYPE})
// 保留方式
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface WR {String value() default "W";
}

注解的实现方法

import com.tuling.dynamic.datasource.DynamicDataSource;
import com.tuling.dynamic.datasource.annotation.WR;
import org.aspectj.lang.JoinPoint;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Before;
import org.springframework.core.Ordered;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;@Component
@Aspect
public class DynamicDataSourceAspect implements Ordered {// 前置@Before("within(com.tuling.dynamic.datasource.service.impl.*) && @annotation(wr)")public void before(JoinPoint point, WR wr) {String name = wr.value();DynamicDataSource.name.set(name);System.out.println(name);}@Overridepublic int getOrder() {return 0;}// 环绕通知
}

2、使用dynamic-datasource框架

dynamic-datasource是MyBaits-plus作者设计的一个多数据源开源方案。使用这个框架需要引入对应的pom依赖

引入依赖

<dependency><groupId>com.baomidou</groupId><artifactId>dynamic-datasource-spring-boot-starter</artifactId><version>3.5.0</version>
</dependency>

添加配置文件

spring:datasource:dynamic:#设置默认的数据源或者数据源组,默认值即为masterprimary: master#严格匹配数据源,默认false. true未匹配到指定数据源时抛异常,false使用默认数据源strict: falsedatasource:master:url: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/datasource1?serverTimezone=UTC&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF8&useSSL=falseusername: rootpassword: 123456initial-size: 1min-idle: 1max-active: 20test-on-borrow: truedriver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driverslave_1:url: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/datasource2?serverTimezone=UTC&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF8&useSSL=falseusername: rootpassword: 123456initial-size: 1min-idle: 1max-active: 20test-on-borrow: truedriver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver