class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>content_views" class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="markdown_views prism-tomorrow-night">

---

class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>c="https://i-blog.class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>csdnimg.class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>cn/direclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>ct/class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>cb7f73class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>cda1a14130840e356class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>cb0b6f9e4.png#piclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>c_class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>center" alt="在这里插入图片描述" width="100" />

<class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>center> 博客主页： [小ᶻ☡꙳ᵃⁱᵍᶜ꙳] class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>center> <class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>center> 本文专栏: C++ class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>center>

---

---

class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>c="https://img-blog.class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>csdnimg.class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>cn/direclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>ct/00d4fdeb7b0d4dbb99e88f325ef249d8.gif#piclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>c_class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>center" alt="在这里插入图片描述" width="1000" height="100" />

---

💯前言

• C++ 是一门广泛应用于各种领域的编程语言࿰class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>c;尤其在高性能和精细化操作场景下占有重要地位。编程的过程不仅是实现功能的过程࿰class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>c;也是对代码逻辑、可读性和优化能力的一种考验。本文将以一个药品名称格式化的编程题为例࿰class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>c;详细分析题目、两种不同的解法、它们的优缺点࿰class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>c;并进行深入的优化与扩展探讨。
  我们将从以下几个方面展开：
  1. 题目描述与需求分析；
  2. 我的解法与详细解析；
  3. 老师的解法与详细解析；
  4. 两种解法的对比与优化建议；
  5. 对相关知识点的拓展。
     希望通过这篇文章࿰class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>c;不仅帮助读者深入理解该问题的实现思路࿰class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>c;还能在代码规范和优化方面有所收获。
     C++ 参考手册
     class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>c="https://i-blog.class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>csdnimg.class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>cn/direclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>ct/f0db7class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>c348331440fa266b3class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>c24f558694.png#piclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>c_class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>center" alt="在这里插入图片描述" />

---

💯题目描述与需求分析

题目要求我们编写一个程序࿰class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>c;将医生书写混乱的药品名称格式化为统一的标准格式࿰class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>c;具体如下：

题目描述

1139：整理药名
class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>c="https://i-blog.class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>csdnimg.class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>cn/direclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>ct/fe359ab23a3046de9b4e721aee29class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>c5f4.png" alt="在这里插入图片描述" />

医生在书写药品名称时经常忽略大小写࿰class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>c;格式比较混乱。现要求你写一个程序࿰class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>c;将医生书写的药品名称整理成统一规范的格式。

• 规范规则：
  • 药品名称的第一个字符如果是字母࿰class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>c;需要大写；
  • 其余字符需要全部小写；

例如：

• 输入 <class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>code>ASPIRINclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>code>࿰class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>c;规范化后为 <class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>code>Aspirinclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>code>；
• 输入 <class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>code>aspirinclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>code>࿰class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>c;规范化后为 <class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>code>Aspirinclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>code>；
• 输入 <class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>code>2-PENICILLINclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>code>࿰class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>c;规范化后为 <class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>code>2-peniclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>cillinclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>code>。

输入格式

1. 第一行一个整数 <class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>code>nclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>code>࿰class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>c;表示有 <class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>code>nclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>code> 个药品名称需要处理（<class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>code>n \leq 100class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>code>）。
2. 接下来 <class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>code>nclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>code> 行࿰class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>c;每行一个单词（药品名称）。药品名称由字母、数字和 <class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>code>-class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>code> 组成࿰class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>c;长度不超过 20。

输出格式

1. 输出 <class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>code>nclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>code> 行࿰class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>c;每行一个规范化后的药品名称。

输入输出样例

输入样例：

<class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>code class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="prism language-plaintext">4
Aspirin
class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>cisapride
2-PENICILLIN
Cefradine-6
class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>code>

输出样例：

<class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>code class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="prism language-plaintext">Aspirin
Cisapride
2-peniclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>cillin
Cefradine-6
class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>code>

需求分析

1. 首字母大写、其余小写的操作本质上是大小写转换问题࿰class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>c;核心是理解字符的 ASCII 编码以及转换方法；
2. 需要遍历字符串进行逐字符判断和转换；
3. 考虑边界情况࿰class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>c;例如药品名称首字符为非字母的情况。

---

💯我的解法与详细解析

代码实现

以下是我的解法：

<class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>code class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="prism language-class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>cpp">class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token maclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>cro property">class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token direclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>ctive-hash">#class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token direclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>ctive keyword">inclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>clude class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token string"><iostream>
class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token keyword">using class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token keyword">namespaclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>ce stdclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token punclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>ctuation">;class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token keyword">class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>const class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token keyword">int N class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token operator">= class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token number">25class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token punclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>ctuation">;
class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token keyword">class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>char class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>chclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token punclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>ctuation">[Nclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token punclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>ctuation">]class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token punclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>ctuation">;class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token keyword">int class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token funclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>ction">mainclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token punclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>ctuation">(class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token punclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>ctuation">)
class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token punclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>ctuation">{class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token keyword">int i class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token operator">= class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token number">0class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token punclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>ctuation">;class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token keyword">int nclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token punclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>ctuation">;class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>cin class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token operator">>> nclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token punclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>ctuation">;class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token keyword">for class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token punclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>ctuation">(i class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token operator">= class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token number">0class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token punclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>ctuation">; i class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token operator">< nclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token punclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>ctuation">; iclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token operator">++class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token punclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>ctuation">)class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token punclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>ctuation">{class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>cin class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token operator">>> class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>chclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token punclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>ctuation">;class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token keyword">if class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token punclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>ctuation">(class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>chclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token punclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>ctuation">[class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token number">0class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token punclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>ctuation">] class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token operator">>= class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>char">'a' class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token operator">&& class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>chclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token punclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>ctuation">[class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token number">0class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token punclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>ctuation">] class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token operator"><= class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>char">'z'class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token punclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>ctuation">)class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>chclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token punclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>ctuation">[class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token number">0class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token punclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>ctuation">] class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token operator">-= class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token number">32class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token punclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>ctuation">;class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token keyword">int j class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token operator">= class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token number">1class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token punclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>ctuation">;class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token keyword">while class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token punclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>ctuation">(class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>chclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token punclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>ctuation">[jclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token punclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>ctuation">] class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token operator">!= class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>char">'\0'class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token punclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>ctuation">)class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token punclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>ctuation">{class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token keyword">if class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token punclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>ctuation">(class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>chclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token punclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>ctuation">[jclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token punclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>ctuation">] class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token operator">>= class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>char">'A' class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token operator">&& class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>chclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token punclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>ctuation">[jclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token punclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>ctuation">] class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token operator"><= class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>char">'Z'class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token punclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>ctuation">)class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>chclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token punclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>ctuation">[jclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token punclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>ctuation">] class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token operator">+= class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token number">32class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token punclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>ctuation">;jclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token operator">++class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token punclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>ctuation">;class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token punclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>ctuation">}class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>cout class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token operator"><< class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>ch class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token operator"><< endlclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token punclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>ctuation">;class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token punclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>ctuation">}class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token keyword">return class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token number">0class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token punclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>ctuation">;
class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token punclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>ctuation">}
class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>code>

class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>c="https://i-blog.class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>csdnimg.class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>cn/direclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>ct/d3f1f8f436944e47ab0d2adb051f4e14.png" alt="在这里插入图片描述" />

代码解析

1. 定义字符数组与常量：

   • 使用 <class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>code>class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>char class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>ch[N]class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>code> 存储药品名称࿰class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>c;<class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>code>N = 25class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>code> 确保数组容量足够（题目中药品名称长度上限为 20）；
   • <class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>code>class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>cin >> nclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>code> 读取药品名称的数量。

2. 首字母处理：

   • 判断首字符是否为小写字母（<class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>code>class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>ch[0] >= 'a' && class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>ch[0] <= 'z'class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>code>）࿰class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>c;如果是࿰class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>c;则通过减去 32 转换为大写（利用 ASCII 编码：小写字母与对应大写字母的差值为 32）。

3. 逐字符遍历：

   • 使用 <class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>code>while (class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>ch[j] != '\0')class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>code> 遍历字符串中的其余字符࿰class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>c;直到遇到字符串结束符 <class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>code>\0class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>code>；
   • 判断当前字符是否为大写字母（<class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>code>class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>ch[j] >= 'A' && class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>ch[j] <= 'Z'class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>code>）࿰class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>c;如果是࿰class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>c;则通过加 32 转换为小写。

4. 输出结果：

   • 每处理一个药品名称࿰class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>c;直接输出结果。

优点

• 逻辑简单清晰࿰class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>c;直接基于 ASCII 编码进行大小写转换；
• 使用基本循环结构࿰class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>c;适合初学者学习与理解。

不足

• 代码可读性不够高：直接操作 ASCII 值࿰class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>c;对初学者可能不够直观；
• 边界情况未处理：如输入字符串长度超过数组容量时可能出现越界问题。

---

💯老师的解法与详细解析

以下是老师的解法：

<class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>code class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="prism language-class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>cpp">class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token maclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>cro property">class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token direclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>ctive-hash">#class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token direclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>ctive keyword">inclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>clude class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token string"><iostream>
class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token maclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>cro property">class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token direclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>ctive-hash">#class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token direclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>ctive keyword">inclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>clude class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token string"><class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>cclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>ctype>
class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token keyword">using class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token keyword">namespaclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>ce stdclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token punclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>ctuation">;class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token keyword">class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>const class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token keyword">int N class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token operator">= class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token number">25class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token punclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>ctuation">;
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punclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>ctuation">]class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token punclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>ctuation">)class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token punclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>ctuation">{class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token keyword">if class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token punclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>ctuation">(class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token funclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>ction">isupperclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token punclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>ctuation">(arrclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token punclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>ctuation">[jclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token punclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>ctuation">]class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token punclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>ctuation">)class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token punclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>ctuation">)arrclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token punclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>ctuation">[jclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token punclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>ctuation">] class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token operator">+= class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token number">32class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token punclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>ctuation">;jclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token operator">++class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token punclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>ctuation">;class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token punclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>ctuation">}class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>cout class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token operator"><< arr class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token operator"><< endlclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token punclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>ctuation">;class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token punclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>ctuation">}class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token keyword">return class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token number">0class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token punclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>ctuation">;
class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token punclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>ctuation">}
class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>code>

class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>c="https://i-blog.class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>csdnimg.class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>cn/direclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>ct/04716fe55dd349728de50902class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>c6b656d2.png" alt="在这里插入图片描述" />

代码解析

1. 使用 <class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>code><class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>cclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>ctype>class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>code> 库函数：

   • <class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>code>islower()class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>code>：判断字符是否为小写字母；
   • <class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>code>isupper()class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>code>：判断字符是否为大写字母；
   • 这些库函数提高了代码可读性࿰class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>c;避免了直接操作 ASCII 值。

2. 输入输出：

   • 使用 <class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>code>sclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>canf("%s", arr)class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>code> 读取药品名称；
   • 使用 <class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>code>class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>coutclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>code> 输出规范化结果。

3. 逐字符遍历：

   • 首字符通过 <class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>code>islower()class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>code> 检查࿰class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>c;若为小写则转换为大写；
   • 非首字符通过 <class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>code>isupper()class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>code> 检查࿰class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>c;若为大写则转换为小写。

优点

• 可读性高：借助 <class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>code><class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>cclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>ctype>class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>code> 库函数实现大小写判断࿰class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>c;逻辑更加直观；
• 代码结构清晰：将首字符和非首字符的处理逻辑分开。

不足

• 混用了 <class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>code>sclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>canfclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>code> 和 <class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>code>class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>coutclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>code> 两种风格的输入输出࿰class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>c;略显不统一；
• 未处理输入字符串长度越界的情况。

---

💯解法对比与优化建议

相同点

1. 两种解法的核心逻辑完全一致：
   • 首字母大写࿰class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>c;其余字母小写；
   • 基于逐字符遍历实现。
2. 都使用了字符数组存储字符串。

不同点

1. 可读性：

   • 老师的代码通过 <class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>code><class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>cclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>ctype>class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>code> 库函数简化了大小写判断࿰class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>c;逻辑更加直观；
   • 我的代码直接基于 ASCII 值࿰class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>c;虽然实现简单࿰class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>c;但可读性略差。

2. 输入输出：

   • 老师的代码使用了 <class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>code>sclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>canfclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>code>࿰class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>c;属于 C 风格输入；
   • 我的代码使用了 <class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>code>class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>cinclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>code>࿰class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>c;属于 C++ 风格输入。

优化建议

1. 统一输入输出风格：

   • 统一使用 C++ 的 <class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>code>class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>cinclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>code> 和 <class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>code>class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>coutclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>code>࿰class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>c;符合现代编程习惯。

2. 边界检查：

   • 对输入字符串长度进行限制࿰class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>c;避免数组越界问题：

     <class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>code class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="prism language-class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>cpp">class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>cin class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token operator">>> class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token funclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>ction">setwclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token punclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>ctuation">(Nclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token punclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>ctuation">) class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token operator">>> arrclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token punclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>ctuation">;
     class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>code>

3. 避免全局变量：

   • 将字符数组定义为局部变量࿰class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>c;减少作用域污染。

4. 代码重构：

   • 使用 <class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>code>toupper()class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>code> 和 <class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>code>tolower()class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>code> 函数替代 ASCII 运算࿰class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>c;进一步提升代码可读性。

优化后的代码

<class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>code class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="prism language-class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>cpp">class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token maclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>cro property">class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token direclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>ctive-hash">#class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token direclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>ctive keyword">inclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>clude class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>class="token string"><iostream>
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class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>code>

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---

💯知识点拓展

1. 字符处理与 ASCII 编码：

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2. <class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>code><class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>cclass="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>ctype>class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>code> 库函数：

   • <class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>code>islower()class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>code>、<class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>code>isupper()class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>code>、<class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>code>toupper()class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>code>、<class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>code>tolower()class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>code> 是常用的字符处理函数࿰class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>c;可以简化代码࿰class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>c;提高可读性。

3. 输入输出优化：

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---

💯小结

通过这道题目࿰class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>c;我们深入探讨了药品名称格式化的实现方法以及不同解法的对比。我的解法和老师的解法各有优缺点࿰class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>c;经过优化后࿰class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>c;我们得到了更加健壮且高可读性的代码。

学习编程的过程࿰class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>c;不仅要实现功能࿰class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>c;还要注重代码的规范性和可维护性࿰class="tags" href="/C.html" title=c>c;希望这篇文章能为读者带来启发。

---

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