目录
1、Template Method模式
2、范例: Android + TM模式
3、基于TM模式的扩充:以游戏的绘图循环(Game Loop)为例
4、Android中处处可见TM模型的应用
1、Template Method模式
在前面各节里,我们介绍过,控制反转(IoC:Inversion of Control)是<基类/子类>结构里的重要机制。 Template Method模式是实现IoC的一种基本模式。
2、范例: Android + TM模式
Android的绘图是使用画布(Canvas)来把图显示于View的窗口里,并且从View类别而衍生子类别,提供更多功能来将图形或图片绘制于画布上。
在View类别里有个onDraw()函数, View类别体系里的每一个类别都必须覆写(Override) 这个onDraw()函数,来执行实际绘图的动作。
// myView.java
//…….
public class myView extends View {private Paint paint= new Paint();private int line_x = 100, line_y = 100;private float count = 0;myView(Context ctx) { super(ctx); }@Override protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {super.onDraw(canvas);if( count > 12)count = 0;int x = (int) (75.0 * Math.cos(2*Math.PI * count/12.0));int y = (int) (75.0 * Math.sin(2*Math.PI * count/12.0));count++;canvas.drawColor(Color.WHITE);paint.setColor(Color.BLACK);paint.setStrokeWidth(3);canvas.drawLine(line_x, line_y, line_x+x, line_y+y, paint);paint.setStrokeWidth(2);paint.setColor(Color.RED);canvas.drawRect(line_x-5, line_y - 5,line_x+5, line_y + 5, paint);paint.setColor(Color.YELLOW);canvas.drawRect(line_x-3, line_y - 3, line_x+3,line_y + 3, paint);}
}
3、基于TM模式的扩充:以游戏的绘图循环(Game Loop)为例
游戏的基本动作就是不断的进行:绘图和刷新(Refresh)画面。其中, onDraw()函数实践画图,将图形绘制于View的画布(Canvas)上,并显示出来;而invalidate()函数则启动画面的刷新,重新呼叫一次onDraw()函数。
// myView.java
// …….
public class myView extends View {private Paint paint= new Paint();private int line_x = 100, line_y = 100;myView(Context ctx) { super(ctx); }@Override protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {super.onDraw(canvas);//-----------------------------------------------------if( count > 12) count = 0;int x = (int) (75.0 * Math.cos(2*Math.PI * count/12.0));int y = (int) (75.0 * Math.sin(2*Math.PI * count/12.0));count++;//---------------------------------------------canvas.drawColor(Color.WHITE);paint.setColor(Color.BLACK);paint.setStrokeWidth(3);canvas.drawLine(line_x, line_y, line_x+x, line_y+y, paint);paint.setStrokeWidth(2);paint.setColor(Color.RED);canvas.drawRect(line_x-5, line_y - 5, line_x+5, line_y + 5, paint);paint.setColor(Color.YELLOW);canvas.drawRect(line_x-3, line_y - 3, line_x+3, line_y + 3, paint);try {Thread.sleep(1000);}catch (InterruptedException ie) {}invalidate();}
}// myActivity.java
// ……
public class myActivity extends Activity implements OnClickListener {private myView mv = null;private Button ibtn;@Overrideprotected void onCreate(Bundle icicle) {super.onCreate(icicle);public void show_layout_01(){LinearLayout layout = new LinearLayout(this);layout.setOrientation(LinearLayout.VERTICAL);mv = new myView(this);LinearLayout.LayoutParams param =new LinearLayout.LayoutParams(200, 200);param.topMargin = 10; param.leftMargin = 10;layout.addView(mv, param);ibtn = new Button(this);ibtn.setOnClickListener(this);ibtn.setText("Exit");ibtn.setBackgroundResource(R.drawable.gray);LinearLayout.LayoutParams param1 =new LinearLayout.LayoutParams(200, 65);param1.topMargin = 10; param1.leftMargin = 10;layout.addView(ibtn, param1);//-----------------------------------------------setContentView(layout);}public void onClick(View v) {finish();}
}
4、Android中处处可见TM模型的应用