本节重点介绍 :

• sidercar 都干了什么
  • 执行prometheus的探活
  • 继承所有prometheus v1的查询方法，封装成http-client
  • 用上面的http-client 注册grpc-server，外部可以调grpc方法通过sidecar查询prometheus数据
  • 初始化对象存储的bkt
  • 用bkt创建shipper对象，扫描prometheus data目录下的block，进行上传到对象存储
  • 不包括 prometheus 的chunk_head，也就是最近两小时的数据要通过sidecar的grpc接口查询prometheus v1接口获得

执行入口 runSidecar ，初始化操作

• 代码位置 D:\go_path\src\github.com\thanos-io\thanos\cmd\thanos\sidecar.go

prometheus_meta_13">初始化探活prometheus 的meta对象

	var m = &promMetadata{promURL: conf.prometheus.url,// Start out with the full time range. The shipper will constrain it later.// TODO(fabxc): minimum timestamp is never adjusted if shipping is disabled.mint: conf.limitMinTime.PrometheusTimestamp(),maxt: math.MaxInt64,limitMinTime: conf.limitMinTime,client:       promclient.NewWithTracingClient(logger, "thanos-sidecar"),}

根据是否配置了 存储决定开启upload

• 存储命令行参数 --objstore.config-file

	confContentYaml, err := conf.objStore.Content()if err != nil {return errors.Wrap(err, "getting object store config")}var uploads = trueif len(confContentYaml) == 0 {level.Info(logger).Log("msg", "no supported bucket was configured, uploads will be disabled")uploads = false}

初始化grpc http探活

	grpcProbe := prober.NewGRPC()httpProbe := prober.NewHTTP()statusProber := prober.Combine(httpProbe,grpcProbe,prober.NewInstrumentation(comp, logger, extprom.WrapRegistererWithPrefix("thanos_", reg)),)

启动httpserver

• 默认端口 10902

	srv := httpserver.New(logger, reg, comp, httpProbe,httpserver.WithListen(conf.http.bindAddress),httpserver.WithGracePeriod(time.Duration(conf.http.gracePeriod)),httpserver.WithTLSConfig(conf.http.tlsConfig),)g.Add(func() error {statusProber.Healthy()return srv.ListenAndServe()}, func(err error) {statusProber.NotReady(err)defer statusProber.NotHealthy(err)srv.Shutdown(err)})

探活的任务组

prometheus__79">先校验prometheus 参数

		g.Add(func() error {// Only check Prometheus's flags when upload is enabled.if uploads {// Check prometheus's flags to ensure same sidecar flags.if err := validatePrometheus(ctx, m.client, logger, conf.shipper.ignoreBlockSize, m); err != nil {return errors.Wrap(err, "validate Prometheus flags")}}

关闭Prometheus采集器的本地数据压实

• 使用sidecar模式时，需要关闭Prometheus采集器的本地数据压实
• 对应参数为
  • –storage.tsdb.min-block-duration=2h
  • –storage.tsdb.max-block-duration=2h

sidecar启动的时候也会check

• 代码位置 D:\go_path\src\github.com\thanos-io\thanos\cmd\thanos\sidecar.go
• 对应请求的是 prometheus的 /api/v1/status/flags接口获取其启动的命令行参数
• 检查 storage.tsdb.min-block-duration是否设置是2h
• 如果参数配置错误sidecar启动失败

func validatePrometheus(ctx context.Context, client *promclient.Client, logger log.Logger, ignoreBlockSize bool, m *promMetadata) error {var (flagErr errorflags   promclient.Flags)if err := runutil.Retry(2*time.Second, ctx.Done(), func() error {if flags, flagErr = client.ConfiguredFlags(ctx, m.promURL); flagErr != nil && flagErr != promclient.ErrFlagEndpointNotFound {level.Warn(logger).Log("msg", "failed to get Prometheus flags. Is Prometheus running? Retrying", "err", flagErr)return errors.Wrapf(flagErr, "fetch Prometheus flags")}return nil}); err != nil {return errors.Wrapf(err, "fetch Prometheus flags")}if flagErr != nil {level.Warn(logger).Log("msg", "failed to check Prometheus flags, due to potentially older Prometheus. No extra validation is done.", "err", flagErr)return nil}// Check if compaction is disabled.if flags.TSDBMinTime != flags.TSDBMaxTime {if !ignoreBlockSize {return errors.Errorf("found that TSDB Max time is %s and Min time is %s. "+"Compaction needs to be disabled (storage.tsdb.min-block-duration = storage.tsdb.max-block-duration)", flags.TSDBMaxTime, flags.TSDBMinTime)}level.Warn(logger).Log("msg", "flag to ignore Prometheus min/max block duration flags differing is being used. If the upload of a 2h block fails and a Prometheus compaction happens that block may be missing from your Thanos bucket storage.")}// Check if block time is 2h.if flags.TSDBMinTime != model.Duration(2*time.Hour) {level.Warn(logger).Log("msg", "found that TSDB block time is not 2h. Only 2h block time is recommended.", "block-time", flags.TSDBMinTime)}return nil
}

prometheus_142">获取prometheus的版本信息

• 调用prometheus 接口 /api/v1/status/buildinfo

// We retry infinitely until we reach and fetch BuildVersion from our Prometheus.err := runutil.Retry(2*time.Second, ctx.Done(), func() error {if err := m.BuildVersion(ctx); err != nil {level.Warn(logger).Log("msg", "failed to fetch prometheus version. Is Prometheus running? Retrying","err", err,)return err}level.Info(logger).Log("msg", "successfully loaded prometheus version",)return nil})if err != nil {return errors.Wrap(err, "failed to get prometheus version")}

prometheus_external_labels_166">获取prometheus配置的 external labels

• 调用 prometheus /api/v1/status/config 接口

			// Blocking query of external labels before joining as a Source Peer into gossip.// We retry infinitely until we reach and fetch labels from our Prometheus.err = runutil.Retry(2*time.Second, ctx.Done(), func() error {if err := m.UpdateLabels(ctx); err != nil {level.Warn(logger).Log("msg", "failed to fetch initial external labels. Is Prometheus running? Retrying","err", err,)promUp.Set(0)statusProber.NotReady(err)return err}level.Info(logger).Log("msg", "successfully loaded prometheus external labels","external_labels", m.Labels().String(),)promUp.Set(1)statusProber.Ready()lastHeartbeat.SetToCurrentTime()return nil})if err != nil {return errors.Wrap(err, "initial external labels query")}

• sidecar要求prometheus 采集器一定要配置 external label

			if len(m.Labels()) == 0 {return errors.New("no external labels configured on Prometheus server, uniquely identifying external labels must be configured; see https://thanos.io/tip/thanos/storage.md#external-labels for details.")}

• 文档地址 https://thanos.io/tip/thanos/storage.md/#external-labels
• 唯一标签用来区分不同sidecar的数据，和后续的查询工作，这些标签会被后面的一堆组件使用

最后启动一个持续探测 external-label的任务

			// Periodically query the Prometheus config. We use this as a heartbeat as well as for updating// the external labels we apply.return runutil.Repeat(30*time.Second, ctx.Done(), func() error {iterCtx, iterCancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)defer iterCancel()if err := m.UpdateLabels(iterCtx); err != nil {level.Warn(logger).Log("msg", "heartbeat failed", "err", err)promUp.Set(0)} else {promUp.Set(1)lastHeartbeat.SetToCurrentTime()}return nil})

启动配置热更新监听

	{ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())g.Add(func() error {return reloader.Watch(ctx)}, func(error) {cancel()})}

prometheus_240">新建PrometheusStore，使用http-client和prometheus交互

• 这个PrometheusStore对外通过grpc 提供服务
• 对内通过prometheus 的api 接口和prometheus通信

		t := exthttp.NewTransport()t.MaxIdleConnsPerHost = conf.connection.maxIdleConnsPerHostt.MaxIdleConns = conf.connection.maxIdleConnsc := promclient.NewClient(&http.Client{Transport: tracing.HTTPTripperware(logger, t)}, logger, thanoshttp.ThanosUserAgent)promStore, err := store.NewPrometheusStore(logger, reg, c, conf.prometheus.url, component.Sidecar, m.Labels, m.Timestamps, m.Version)if err != nil {return errors.Wrap(err, "create Prometheus store")}

new函数

// NewPrometheusStore returns a new PrometheusStore that uses the given HTTP client
// to talk to Prometheus.
// It attaches the provided external labels to all results. Provided external labels has to be sorted.
func NewPrometheusStore(logger log.Logger,reg prometheus.Registerer,client *promclient.Client,baseURL *url.URL,component component.StoreAPI,externalLabelsFn func() labels.Labels,timestamps func() (mint int64, maxt int64),promVersion func() string,
) (*PrometheusStore, error) {if logger == nil {logger = log.NewNopLogger()}p := &PrometheusStore{logger:                        logger,base:                          baseURL,client:                        client,component:                     component,externalLabelsFn:              externalLabelsFn,timestamps:                    timestamps,promVersion:                   promVersion,remoteReadAcceptableResponses: []prompb.ReadRequest_ResponseType{prompb.ReadRequest_STREAMED_XOR_CHUNKS, prompb.ReadRequest_SAMPLES},buffers: sync.Pool{New: func() interface{} {b := make([]byte, 0, initialBufSize)return &b}},framesRead: promauto.With(reg).NewHistogram(prometheus.HistogramOpts{Name:    "prometheus_store_received_frames",Help:    "Number of frames received per streamed response.",Buckets: prometheus.ExponentialBuckets(10, 10, 5),},),}return p, nil
}

初始化 grpc服务端并启动

		tlsCfg, err := tls.NewServerConfig(log.With(logger, "protocol", "gRPC"),conf.grpc.tlsSrvCert, conf.grpc.tlsSrvKey, conf.grpc.tlsSrvClientCA)if err != nil {return errors.Wrap(err, "setup gRPC server")}s := grpcserver.New(logger, reg, tracer, grpcLogOpts, tagOpts, comp, grpcProbe,grpcserver.WithServer(store.RegisterStoreServer(promStore)),grpcserver.WithServer(rules.RegisterRulesServer(rules.NewPrometheus(conf.prometheus.url, c, m.Labels))),grpcserver.WithServer(targets.RegisterTargetsServer(targets.NewPrometheus(conf.prometheus.url, c, m.Labels))),grpcserver.WithServer(meta.RegisterMetadataServer(meta.NewPrometheus(conf.prometheus.url, c))),grpcserver.WithServer(exemplars.RegisterExemplarsServer(exemplars.NewPrometheus(conf.prometheus.url, c, m.Labels))),grpcserver.WithListen(conf.grpc.bindAddress),grpcserver.WithGracePeriod(time.Duration(conf.grpc.gracePeriod)),grpcserver.WithTLSConfig(tlsCfg),)g.Add(func() error {statusProber.Ready()return s.ListenAndServe()}, func(err error) {statusProber.NotReady(err)s.Shutdown(err)})

prometheus___thanosStore_325">注册一个grpc service ：prometheus 查询数据 服务 thanos.Store

grpcserver.WithServer(store.RegisterStoreServer(promStore)),

服务thanos.Store

• D:\go_path\src\github.com\thanos-io\thanos\pkg\store\storepb\rpc.pb.go

var _Store_serviceDesc = grpc.ServiceDesc{ServiceName: "thanos.Store",HandlerType: (*StoreServer)(nil),Methods: []grpc.MethodDesc{{MethodName: "Info",Handler:    _Store_Info_Handler,},{MethodName: "LabelNames",Handler:    _Store_LabelNames_Handler,},{MethodName: "LabelValues",Handler:    _Store_LabelValues_Handler,},},Streams: []grpc.StreamDesc{{StreamName:    "Series",Handler:       _Store_Series_Handler,ServerStreams: true,},},Metadata: "store/storepb/rpc.proto",
}

• 有3个方法 ，对应实现在 D:\go_path\src\github.com\thanos-io\thanos\pkg\store\prometheus.go
  • Info 获取prometheus信息的
  • LabelNames 通过 prometheus 的/api/v1/labels接口获取标签的名称列表
  • LabelValues
    • 没有 Matchers就用 /api/v1/label/<label_name>/values
    • 有 Matchers就用series
• 有1个流
  • Series

prometheus_368">注册 第二个 grpc service : rules.Prometheus 获取prometheus的告警或聚合配置

• 代码

grpcserver.WithServer(rules.RegisterRulesServer(rules.NewPrometheus(conf.prometheus.url, c, m.Labels))),

• D:\go_path\src\github.com\thanos-io\thanos\pkg\rules\rulespb\rpc.pb.go

var _Rules_serviceDesc = grpc.ServiceDesc{ServiceName: "thanos.Rules",HandlerType: (*RulesServer)(nil),Methods:     []grpc.MethodDesc{},Streams: []grpc.StreamDesc{{StreamName:    "Rules",Handler:       _Rules_Rules_Handler,ServerStreams: true,},},Metadata: "rules/rulespb/rpc.proto",
}

• 通过 /api/v1/rules 获取prometheus 的告警和聚合配置

prometheus_target_393">注册 第3个 grpc service : targets.Prometheus. 获取prometheus的 采集target

grpcserver.WithServer(targets.RegisterTargetsServer(targets.NewPrometheus(conf.prometheus.url, c, m.Labels))),

• D:\go_path\src\github.com\thanos-io\thanos\pkg\targets\targetspb\rpc.pb.go

var _Targets_serviceDesc = grpc.ServiceDesc{ServiceName: "thanos.Targets",HandlerType: (*TargetsServer)(nil),Methods:     []grpc.MethodDesc{},Streams: []grpc.StreamDesc{{StreamName:    "Targets",Handler:       _Targets_Targets_Handler,ServerStreams: true,},},Metadata: "targets/targetspb/rpc.proto",
}

• 实现 D:\go_path\src\github.com\thanos-io\thanos\pkg\targets\prometheus.go
• 通过 /api/v1/targets 接口获取target

func (p *Prometheus) Targets(r *targetspb.TargetsRequest, s targetspb.Targets_TargetsServer) error {var stateTargets stringif r.State != targetspb.TargetsRequest_ANY {stateTargets = strings.ToLower(r.State.String())}targets, err := p.client.TargetsInGRPC(s.Context(), p.base, stateTargets)if err != nil {return err}// Prometheus does not add external labels, so we need to add on our own.enrichTargetsWithExtLabels(targets, p.extLabels())if err := s.Send(&targetspb.TargetsResponse{Result: &targetspb.TargetsResponse_Targets{Targets: targets}}); err != nil {return err}return nil
}

prometheus_metrics_438">注册 第4个 grpc service : metadata.Prometheus. 获取prometheus的 采集metrics的元信息

grpcserver.WithServer(meta.RegisterMetadataServer(meta.NewPrometheus(conf.prometheus.url, c))),

• 实现 D:\go_path\src\github.com\thanos-io\thanos\pkg\metadata\prometheus.go
• 通过/api/v1/metadata 接口获取信息

// MetricMetadata returns all specified metric metadata from Prometheus.
func (p *Prometheus) MetricMetadata(r *metadatapb.MetricMetadataRequest, s metadatapb.Metadata_MetricMetadataServer) error {md, err := p.client.MetricMetadataInGRPC(s.Context(), p.base, r.Metric, int(r.Limit))if err != nil {return err}tracing.DoInSpan(s.Context(), "send_metadata_response", func(_ context.Context) {err = s.Send(&metadatapb.MetricMetadataResponse{Result: &metadatapb.MetricMetadataResponse_Metadata{Metadata: metadatapb.FromMetadataMap(md)}})})return err
}

注册 第5个 grpc service : exemplars.Prometheus.

grpcserver.WithServer(exemplars.RegisterExemplarsServer(exemplars.NewPrometheus(conf.prometheus.url, c, m.Labels))),

• 实现 D:\go_path\src\github.com\thanos-io\thanos\pkg\exemplars\prometheus.go
• 通过 /api/v1/query_exemplars获取

// Exemplars returns all specified exemplars from Prometheus.
func (p *Prometheus) Exemplars(r *exemplarspb.ExemplarsRequest, s exemplarspb.Exemplars_ExemplarsServer) error {exemplars, err := p.client.ExemplarsInGRPC(s.Context(), p.base, r.Query, r.Start, r.End)if err != nil {return err}// Prometheus does not add external labels, so we need to add on our own.extLset := p.extLabels()for _, e := range exemplars {// Make sure the returned series labels are sorted.e.SetSeriesLabels(labelpb.ExtendSortedLabels(e.SeriesLabels.PromLabels(), extLset))var err errortracing.DoInSpan(s.Context(), "send_exemplars_response", func(_ context.Context) {err = s.Send(&exemplarspb.ExemplarsResponse{Result: &exemplarspb.ExemplarsResponse_Data{Data: e}})})if err != nil {return err}}return nil
}

如果配置了存储，开启上传任务

初始化对象存储的bkt

		bkt, err := client.NewBucket(logger, confContentYaml, reg, component.Sidecar.String())if err != nil {return err}

prometheus_external_label_504">检查prometheus的 external label

			promReadyTimeout := conf.prometheus.readyTimeoutextLabelsCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, promReadyTimeout)defer cancel()if err := runutil.Retry(2*time.Second, extLabelsCtx.Done(), func() error {if len(m.Labels()) == 0 {return errors.New("not uploading as no external labels are configured yet - is Prometheus healthy/reachable?")}return nil}); err != nil {return errors.Wrapf(err, "aborting as no external labels found after waiting %s", promReadyTimeout)}

用bkt创建托运人

• 代码注释中也说明了 shipper会持续的扫描 data目录，上传数据

		// The background shipper continuously scans the data directory and uploads// new blocks to Google Cloud Storage or an S3-compatible storage service.s := shipper.New(logger, reg, conf.tsdb.path, bkt, m.Labels, metadata.SidecarSource,conf.shipper.uploadCompacted, conf.shipper.allowOutOfOrderUpload, metadata.HashFunc(conf.shipper.hashFunc))

开启后台扫描上传任务

			return runutil.Repeat(30*time.Second, ctx.Done(), func() error {if uploaded, err := s.Sync(ctx); err != nil {level.Warn(logger).Log("err", err, "uploaded", uploaded)}minTime, _, err := s.Timestamps()if err != nil {level.Warn(logger).Log("msg", "reading timestamps failed", "err", err)return nil}m.UpdateTimestamps(minTime, math.MaxInt64)return nil})

sync函数解读

读取 tsdb.path 下面的 thanos.shipper.json ,读取已经上传的block id

• 这个文件记录了已经通过sidecar上传的 block id

	meta, err := ReadMetaFile(s.dir)if err != nil {// If we encounter any error, proceed with an empty meta file and overwrite it later.// The meta file is only used to avoid unnecessary bucket.Exists call,// which are properly handled by the system if their occur anyway.if !os.IsNotExist(err) {level.Warn(s.logger).Log("msg", "reading meta file failed, will override it", "err", err)}meta = &Meta{Version: MetaVersion1}}// Build a map of blocks we already uploaded.hasUploaded := make(map[ulid.ULID]struct{}, len(meta.Uploaded))for _, id := range meta.Uploaded {hasUploaded[id] = struct{}{}}// Reset the uploaded slice so we can rebuild it only with blocks that still exist locally.meta.Uploaded = nil

• thanos.shipper.json解读

{"version": 1,"uploaded": 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}

prometheus_chunk_headblock_765">读取prometheus 非chunk_head的所有block元信息

• 判断依据就是目录是否为32位字符串的 ulid格式
• 形如01FEGG81Q85M7H267SPVRTERQV

	metas, err := s.blockMetasFromOldest()
func IsBlockDir(path string) (id ulid.ULID, ok bool) {id, err := ulid.Parse(filepath.Base(path))return id, err == nil
}

prometheus_block_777">遍历prometheus 存储的block判断是否要上传

• 如果在之前的 thanos.shipper.json中记录上传过了就 忽略

		if _, uploaded := hasUploaded[m.ULID]; uploaded {meta.Uploaded = append(meta.Uploaded, m.ULID)continue}

• 如果 sample数=0，就忽略

		if m.Stats.NumSamples == 0 {// Ignore empty blocks.level.Debug(s.logger).Log("msg", "ignoring empty block", "block", m.ULID)continue}

• 如果level>1，代表已压实过就忽略，命令行参数shipper.upload-compacted为false，意思是不上传已压实的block

		// We only ship of the first compacted block level as normal flow.if m.Compaction.Level > 1 {if !s.uploadCompacted {continue}}

• 检查这个block是否已经在对象存储中了，如果在就忽略

		ok, err := s.bucket.Exists(ctx, path.Join(m.ULID.String(), block.MetaFilename))if err != nil {return 0, errors.Wrap(err, "check exists")}if ok {meta.Uploaded = append(meta.Uploaded, m.ULID)continue}

调用upload 函数上传

		if err := s.upload(ctx, m); err != nil {if !s.allowOutOfOrderUploads {return 0, errors.Wrapf(err, "upload %v", m.ULID)}// No error returned, just log line. This is because we want other blocks to be uploaded even// though this one failed. It will be retried on second Sync iteration.level.Error(s.logger).Log("msg", "shipping failed", "block", m.ULID, "err", err)uploadErrs++continue}

upload函数

• 会在tsdb的data目录下创建 thanos/upload目录
• 然后以block文件夹的名字创建目录
• 再创建硬链接操作，避免上传过程中数据被tsdb其他动作占用删除等

	level.Info(s.logger).Log("msg", "upload new block", "id", meta.ULID)// We hard-link the files into a temporary upload directory so we are not affected// by other operations happening against the TSDB directory.updir := filepath.Join(s.dir, "thanos", "upload", meta.ULID.String())// Remove updir just in case.if err := os.RemoveAll(updir); err != nil {return errors.Wrap(err, "clean upload directory")}if err := os.MkdirAll(updir, 0750); err != nil {return errors.Wrap(err, "create upload dir")}defer func() {if err := os.RemoveAll(updir); err != nil {level.Error(s.logger).Log("msg", "failed to clean upload directory", "err", err)}}()dir := filepath.Join(s.dir, meta.ULID.String())if err := hardlinkBlock(dir, updir); err != nil {return errors.Wrap(err, "hard link block")}// Attach current labels and write a new meta file with Thanos extensions.if lset := s.labels(); lset != nil {meta.Thanos.Labels = lset.Map()}meta.Thanos.Source = s.sourcemeta.Thanos.SegmentFiles = block.GetSegmentFiles(updir)if err := meta.WriteToDir(s.logger, updir); err != nil {return errors.Wrap(err, "write meta file")}return block.Upload(ctx, s.logger, s.bucket, updir, s.hashFunc)

最终的上传函数 upload

• D:\go_path\src\github.com\thanos-io\thanos\pkg\block\block.go
• 依次上传 chunks目录，index文件 ,meta.json

	if err := bkt.Upload(ctx, path.Join(DebugMetas, fmt.Sprintf("%s.json", id)), strings.NewReader(metaEncoded.String())); err != nil {return cleanUp(logger, bkt, id, errors.Wrap(err, "upload debug meta file"))}if err := objstore.UploadDir(ctx, logger, bkt, path.Join(bdir, ChunksDirname), path.Join(id.String(), ChunksDirname)); err != nil {return cleanUp(logger, bkt, id, errors.Wrap(err, "upload chunks"))}if err := objstore.UploadFile(ctx, logger, bkt, path.Join(bdir, IndexFilename), path.Join(id.String(), IndexFilename)); err != nil {return cleanUp(logger, bkt, id, errors.Wrap(err, "upload index"))}// Meta.json always need to be uploaded as a last item. This will allow to assume block directories without meta file to be pending uploads.if err := bkt.Upload(ctx, path.Join(id.String(), MetaFilename), strings.NewReader(metaEncoded.String())); err != nil {// Don't call cleanUp here. Despite getting error, meta.json may have been uploaded in certain cases,

本节重点总结 :

• sidercar 都干了什么
  • 执行prometheus的探活
  • 继承所有prometheus v1的查询方法，封装成http-client
  • 用上面的http-client 注册grpc-server，外部可以调grpc方法通过sidecar查询prometheus数据
  • 初始化对象存储的bkt
  • 用bkt创建shipper对象，扫描prometheus data目录下的block，进行上传到对象存储
  • 不包括 prometheus 的chunk_head，也就是最近两小时的数据要通过sidecar的grpc接口查询prometheus v1接口获得