Socket编程UDP

server/2024/12/15 0:02:14/

Socket–UDP

我们先认识udp接口，做一个小实验，实现udp通信

1. version1-udp通信

代码链接：gitee

main.cc

#include"udpserver.hpp"
#include"log.hpp"
#include<memory>
void usage(std::string str)
{std::cout<<"usage: "<<str<<" server_port"<<std::endl;
}
int main(int argc,char* argv[])
{if(argc != 2){usage(argv[0]);exit(USAGE_ERROR);}EnableScrean();//在屏幕上打印日志uint16_t server_port = std::stoi(argv[1]);std::unique_ptr<udpserver> server_ptr = std::make_unique<udpserver>(server_port);server_ptr->init_server();server_ptr->start();return 0;
}

udpserver.hpp

#pragma once
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<sys/socket.h>
#include<cstring>
#include<arpa/inet.h>
#include<netinet/in.h>
#include"log.hpp"
#include"InetAddr.hpp"
enum
{SOCKET_ERROR = 1,BIND_ERROR,USAGE_ERROR
};
const static int defaultsockfd = -1;
class udpserver
{
public:udpserver(uint16_t port):_port(port),_sockfd(defaultsockfd),_isrunning(false){}~udpserver(){}void init_server(){//1. 创建socket 套接字//sockfd 唯一表示套接字//AF_INET:address family internetd, 创建 IPv4 套接字,AF_INET6 用于 IPv6 地址族//SOCK_DGRAM:这是一个宏，指定了套接字的类型,用与udp通信_sockfd = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_DGRAM,0);if(_sockfd < 0){LOG(FATAL,"socket error ,%s,%d\n",strerror(errno),errno);exit(SOCKET_ERROR);}LOG(INFO,"socket success,socket is : %d \n",_sockfd);//2. 填充sockaddr_in 结构struct sockaddr_in local;// struct sockaddr_in 系统提供的数据类型用于IPv4。local是变量，用户栈上开辟空间。bzero(&local,sizeof(local));local.sin_family = AF_INET;local.sin_port = htons(_port);//port要经过网络传输给对面，先到网络，_port：主机序列-> 主机序列，转成网络序列// local.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(_ip.c_str()); // "192.168.3.1" -> 字符串风格的点分十进制的IP地址 -> 4字节local.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;//任意ip绑定//3. bind sockfd 和 网络信息(ip + port)//addr 需要是一个指向 sockaddr 结构体的指针,在使用的时候需要强制转化成sockaddr_in//这样的好处是程序的通用性, 可以接收IPv4, IPv6int n = bind(_sockfd,(struct sockaddr * )&local,sizeof(local));if(n < 0){LOG(FATAL,"bind error,%s, %d\n",strerror(errno),errno);exit(BIND_ERROR);}LOG(INFO,"sockfd bind success\n");}void start(){_isrunning = true;while(_isrunning){char buffer[1024];struct sockaddr_in peer;socklen_t len = sizeof(peer);ssize_t n = recvfrom(_sockfd,buffer,sizeof(buffer)-1,0,(struct sockaddr*)&peer,&len);if(n > 0){buffer[n] = 0;InetAddr addr(peer);LOG(DEBUG,"get message from [%s %d]: %s\n",addr.Ip().c_str(),addr.Port(),buffer);sendto(_sockfd,buffer,sizeof(buffer)-1,0,(struct sockaddr*)&peer,len);} }_isrunning = false;}private:int _sockfd;     // 文件描述符uint16_t _port;  // 服务器端口号bool _isrunning; // 服务器是否在运行
};

udpclient.cc

#include <iostream>
#include "udpserver.hpp"
void usage(std::string str)
{std::cout << "usage: " << str << "  server_ip server_port" << std::endl;
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{if (argc != 3){usage(argv[0]);exit(USAGE_ERROR);}std::string server_ip = argv[1];uint16_t server_port = std::stoi(argv[2]);int sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);if (sockfd < 0){LOG(FATAL, "socket error ,%s,%d\n", strerror(errno), errno);exit(SOCKET_ERROR);}struct sockaddr_in local; // struct sockaddr_in 系统提供的数据类型用于IPv4。local是变量，用户栈上开辟空间。bzero(&local, sizeof(local));local.sin_family = AF_INET;local.sin_port = htons(server_port); // port要经过网络传输给对面，先到网络，_port：主机序列-> 主机序列，转成网络序列// local.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(_ip.c_str()); // "192.168.3.1" -> 字符串风格的点分十进制的IP地址 -> 4字节local.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(server_ip.c_str());std::string message;while(true){std::cout<<"please enter#";std::getline(std::cin,message);sendto(sockfd,message.c_str(),message.size(),0,(struct sockaddr* )&local,sizeof(local));struct sockaddr_in peer;socklen_t len = sizeof(peer);char buffer[1024];ssize_t n = recvfrom(sockfd,buffer,sizeof(buffer),0,(struct sockaddr*)&peer,&len);if(n > 0){buffer[n] = 0;std::cout<<"server echo#"<<buffer<<std::endl;}}return 0;
}

InetAddr.hpp

#pragma once
#include <iostream>
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<sys/socket.h>
#include<arpa/inet.h>
#include<netinet/in.h>
class InetAddr
{
public://有参构造，sockaddr_in 构造InetAddr(const sockaddr_in& addr):_addr(addr){get_address(&_ip,&_port);}//有参构造，ip 和 port 构造InetAddr(const std::string& ip,uint16_t port):_ip(ip),_port(port){_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;_addr.sin_port = htons(_port);_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(_ip.c_str());}//默认构造InetAddr(){}//返回ipstd::string Ip(){return _ip;}//返回：端口号uint16_t Port(){return _port;}//判断相等bool operator==(const InetAddr& addr) {if(_ip == addr._ip&&_port == addr._port){return true;}elsereturn false;}//返回sockaddr_instruct sockaddr_in addr(){return _addr;}//析构函数~InetAddr(){}
private://从_addr 中获取ip 和 port 信息void get_address(std::string* ip,uint16_t* port){*ip = inet_ntoa(_addr.sin_addr);*port = ntohs(_addr.sin_port);}struct sockaddr_in _addr;std::string _ip;uint16_t _port;
};

实验结果

image-20241212153521386

image-20241212153534816

2. version2-udp 字典

代码链接：gitee

main.cc

#include"udpserver.hpp"
#include"log.hpp"
#include"dict.hpp"
#include<memory>
using namespace dict_ns;
void usage(std::string str)
{std::cout<<"usage: "<<str<<" server_port"<<std::endl;
}
int main(int argc,char* argv[])
{if(argc != 2){usage(argv[0]);exit(USAGE_ERROR);}EnableScrean();//在屏幕上打印日志dict _dict;uint16_t server_port = std::stoi(argv[1]);std::unique_ptr<udpserver> server_ptr = std::make_unique<udpserver>(server_port,\std::bind(&dict::translate,&_dict,std::placeholders::_1,std::placeholders::_2));server_ptr->init_server();server_ptr->start();return 0;
}

udpserver.hpp

#pragma once
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<sys/socket.h>
#include<cstring>
#include<arpa/inet.h>
#include<netinet/in.h>
#include<functional>
#include"log.hpp"
#include"InetAddr.hpp"
enum
{SOCKET_ERROR = 1,BIND_ERROR,USAGE_ERROR
};
using func_t  = std::function<std::string (const std::string&,bool &ok)>;
const static int defaultsockfd = -1;
class udpserver
{
public:udpserver(uint16_t port,func_t func):_port(port),_sockfd(defaultsockfd),_func(func),_isrunning(false){}~udpserver(){}void init_server(){//1. 创建socket 套接字//sockfd 唯一表示套接字//AF_INET:address family internetd, 创建 IPv4 套接字,AF_INET6 用于 IPv6 地址族//SOCK_DGRAM:这是一个宏，指定了套接字的类型,用与udp通信_sockfd = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_DGRAM,0);if(_sockfd < 0){LOG(FATAL,"socket error ,%s,%d\n",strerror(errno),errno);exit(SOCKET_ERROR);}LOG(INFO,"socket success,socket is : %d \n",_sockfd);//2. 填充sockaddr_in 结构struct sockaddr_in local;// struct sockaddr_in 系统提供的数据类型用于IPv4。local是变量，用户栈上开辟空间。bzero(&local,sizeof(local));local.sin_family = AF_INET;local.sin_port = htons(_port);//port要经过网络传输给对面，先到网络，_port：主机序列-> 主机序列，转成网络序列// local.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(_ip.c_str()); // "192.168.3.1" -> 字符串风格的点分十进制的IP地址 -> 4字节local.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;//任意ip绑定//3. bind sockfd 和 网络信息(ip + port)//addr 需要是一个指向 sockaddr 结构体的指针,在使用的时候需要强制转化成sockaddr_in//这样的好处是程序的通用性, 可以接收IPv4, IPv6int n = bind(_sockfd,(struct sockaddr * )&local,sizeof(local));if(n < 0){LOG(FATAL,"bind error,%s, %d\n",strerror(errno),errno);exit(BIND_ERROR);}LOG(INFO,"sockfd bind success\n");}void start(){_isrunning = true;while(_isrunning){char request[1024];struct sockaddr_in peer;socklen_t len = sizeof(peer);ssize_t n = recvfrom(_sockfd,request,sizeof(request)-1,0,(struct sockaddr*)&peer,&len);if(n > 0){request[n] = 0;InetAddr addr(peer);LOG(DEBUG,"get message from [%s %d]: %s\n",addr.Ip().c_str(),addr.Port(),request);bool ok;std::string response = _func(request,ok);//将请求回调出去，在外部处理sendto(_sockfd,response.c_str(),response.size(),0,(struct sockaddr*)&peer,len);} }_isrunning = false;}private:int _sockfd;     // 文件描述符uint16_t _port;  // 服务器端口号bool _isrunning; // 服务器是否在运行func_t _func;   //回调函数，交给上层来处理
};

dict.hpp

#pragma once
#include <iostream>
#include <unordered_map>
#include <string>
#include<stdio.h>
#include <fstream>
#include "log.hpp"
namespace dict_ns
{const std::string defaultpath = "./dect.txt";const std::string sep = ": ";class dict{private:bool load(){// happy: 快乐的std::ifstream in(_dict_conf_filepath);if (!in.is_open()){LOG(FATAL, "open %s error\n", _dict_conf_filepath.c_str());return false;}std::string line;while (std::getline(in, line)){if (line.empty())continue;auto pos = line.find(sep);if (pos == std::string::npos)continue;std::string word = line.substr(0, pos);if (word.empty())continue;std::string chinese = line.substr(pos + sep.size());if (chinese.empty())continue;LOG(DEBUG, "load info, %s : %s \n", word.c_str(), chinese.c_str());_dict.insert(std::make_pair(word, chinese));}in.close();LOG(DEBUG, "load %s success \n", _dict_conf_filepath.c_str());return true;}public:dict(const std::string &path = defaultpath): _dict_conf_filepath(path){std::cout << "1" << std::endl;load(); // 将磁盘数据加载到内存中}std::string translate(const std::string &word, bool &ok){ok = true;auto iter = _dict.find(word);if (iter == _dict.end()){ok = false;return "未找到";}return iter->second;}~dict(){}private:std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string> _dict; // 字典数据结构std::string _dict_conf_filepath;                    // 字典数据路径};
}

udpclient.cc

#include <iostream>
#include "udpserver.hpp"
void usage(std::string str)
{std::cout << "usage: " << str << "  server_ip server_port" << std::endl;
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{if (argc != 3){usage(argv[0]);exit(USAGE_ERROR);}std::string server_ip = argv[1];uint16_t server_port = std::stoi(argv[2]);int sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);if (sockfd < 0){LOG(FATAL, "socket error ,%s,%d\n", strerror(errno), errno);exit(SOCKET_ERROR);}struct sockaddr_in local; // struct sockaddr_in 系统提供的数据类型用于IPv4。local是变量，用户栈上开辟空间。bzero(&local, sizeof(local));local.sin_family = AF_INET;local.sin_port = htons(server_port); // port要经过网络传输给对面，先到网络，_port：主机序列-> 主机序列，转成网络序列// local.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(_ip.c_str()); // "192.168.3.1" -> 字符串风格的点分十进制的IP地址 -> 4字节local.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(server_ip.c_str());std::string message;while(true){std::cout<<"please enter#";std::getline(std::cin,message);sendto(sockfd,message.c_str(),message.size(),0,(struct sockaddr* )&local,sizeof(local));struct sockaddr_in peer;socklen_t len = sizeof(peer);char buffer[1024];ssize_t n = recvfrom(sockfd,buffer,sizeof(buffer),0,(struct sockaddr*)&peer,&len);if(n > 0){buffer[n] = 0;std::cout<<"server echo#"<<buffer<<std::endl;}}return 0;
}

实验结果：

image-20241212165350574

image-20241212165415266

3. version3-udp聊天室

实验：实现任意客户端连接服务器，可以看见其他所有客户端发送的信息\

完整代码：gitee

main.cc

#include"udpserver.hpp"
#include"log.hpp"
#include"message_route.hpp"
#include<memory>
void usage(std::string str)
{std::cout<<"usage: "<<str<<" server_port"<<std::endl;
}
int main(int argc,char* argv[])
{if(argc != 2){usage(argv[0]);exit(USAGE_ERROR);}EnableScrean();//在屏幕上打印日志uint16_t server_port = std::stoi(argv[1]);message_route _route;std::unique_ptr<udpserver> server_ptr = std::make_unique<udpserver>(server_port,\std::bind(&message_route::route,&_route,std::placeholders::_1,std::placeholders::_2,std::placeholders::_3));server_ptr->init_server();server_ptr->start();return 0;
}

udpserver.cc

#pragma once
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <cstring>
#include <functional>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include "log.hpp"
#include "InetAddr.hpp"
enum
{SOCKET_ERROR = 1,BIND_ERROR,USAGE_ERROR
};
using hander_message = std::function<void(int sockfd, const std::string message, const InetAddr who)>;
const static int defaultsockfd = -1;
class udpserver
{
public:udpserver(uint16_t port, hander_message func): _port(port), _sockfd(defaultsockfd), _isrunning(false), _hander_message(func){}~udpserver(){}void init_server(){// 1. 创建socket 套接字// sockfd 唯一表示套接字// AF_INET:address family internetd, 创建 IPv4 套接字,AF_INET6 用于 IPv6 地址族// SOCK_DGRAM:这是一个宏，指定了套接字的类型,用与udp通信_sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);if (_sockfd < 0){LOG(FATAL, "socket error ,%s,%d\n", strerror(errno), errno);exit(SOCKET_ERROR);}LOG(INFO, "socket success,socket is : %d \n", _sockfd);// 2. 填充sockaddr_in 结构struct sockaddr_in local; // struct sockaddr_in 系统提供的数据类型用于IPv4。local是变量，用户栈上开辟空间。bzero(&local, sizeof(local));local.sin_family = AF_INET;local.sin_port = htons(_port); // port要经过网络传输给对面，先到网络，_port：主机序列-> 主机序列，转成网络序列// local.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(_ip.c_str()); // "192.168.3.1" -> 字符串风格的点分十进制的IP地址 -> 4字节local.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY; // 任意ip绑定// 3. bind sockfd 和 网络信息(ip + port)// addr 需要是一个指向 sockaddr 结构体的指针,在使用的时候需要强制转化成sockaddr_in// 这样的好处是程序的通用性, 可以接收IPv4, IPv6int n = bind(_sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&local, sizeof(local));if (n < 0){LOG(FATAL, "bind error,%s, %d\n", strerror(errno), errno);exit(BIND_ERROR);}LOG(INFO, "sockfd bind success\n");}void start(){_isrunning = true;while (_isrunning){char message[1024];struct sockaddr_in peer;socklen_t len = sizeof(peer);ssize_t n = recvfrom(_sockfd, message, sizeof(message) - 1, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&peer, &len);if (n > 0){message[n] = 0;InetAddr addr(peer);LOG(DEBUG, "get message from [%s %d]: %s\n", addr.Ip().c_str(), addr.Port(), message);_hander_message(_sockfd, message, addr); // 回调函数，交给上层处理// sendto(_sockfd,buffer,sizeof(buffer)-1,0,(struct sockaddr*)&peer,len);}}_isrunning = false;}private:int _sockfd;     // 文件描述符uint16_t _port;  // 服务器端口号bool _isrunning; // 服务器是否在运行hander_message _hander_message; // 回调函数
};

udpclient.hpp

#include <iostream>
#include "udpserver.hpp"
#include "Thread.hpp"
#include "comm.hpp"
using namespace ThreadModule;
void usage(std::string str)
{std::cout << "usage: " << str << "  server_ip server_port" << std::endl;
}int init_client(const std::string &server_ip, uint16_t server_port, struct sockaddr_in *local)
{int sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);if (sockfd < 0){LOG(FATAL, "socket error ,%s,%d\n", strerror(errno), errno);exit(SOCKET_ERROR);}memset(local, 0, sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));local->sin_family = AF_INET;local->sin_port = htons(server_port);//主机端口转网络端口local->sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(server_ip.c_str());return sockfd;
}
void recv_message(int sockfd, std::string name)
{// int fd = OpenDev("/dev/pts/1", O_WRONLY);while (true){struct sockaddr_in peer;socklen_t len = sizeof(peer);char buffer[1024];ssize_t n = recvfrom(sockfd, buffer, sizeof(buffer) - 1, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&peer, &len);if (n > 0)  {buffer[n] = 0;fprintf(stderr, "[%s]%s\n", name.c_str(), buffer); // 将收到的信息向标准错误中写入// write(fd, buffer, strlen(buffer));//将收到的信息向fd中写入}}
}
void send_message(int sockfd, struct sockaddr_in &local, std::string name)
{std::string message;while (true){printf("%s | enter$", name.c_str());fflush(stdout);std::getline(std::cin, message);sendto(sockfd, message.c_str(), message.size(), 0, (struct sockaddr *)&local, sizeof(local));}
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{if (argc != 3){usage(argv[0]);exit(USAGE_ERROR);}std::string server_ip = argv[1];uint16_t server_port = std::stoi(argv[2]);struct sockaddr_in local; // struct sockaddr_in 系统提供的数据类型用于IPv4。local是变量，用户栈上开辟空间。int sockfd = init_client(server_ip, server_port, &local);if (sockfd == -1){return 1;}func_t r = std::bind(&recv_message, sockfd, std::placeholders::_1);func_t s = std::bind(&send_message, sockfd, local, std::placeholders::_1);// 创建两个线程分别执行收发信息Thread Recver(r, "recver");Thread Sender(s, "sender");Recver.Start();Sender.Start();Recver.Join();Sender.Join();return 0;
}

message_route.hpp

#pragma once
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <vector>
#include "InetAddr.hpp"
#include "LockGuard.hpp"
#include <functional>
#include "Thread.hpp"
#include "ThreadPool.hpp"
using task_t = std::function<void()>;
class message_route
{
private:bool is_exists(const InetAddr &addr){for (auto u : _online_user){if (u == addr){return true;}}return false;}public:message_route(){pthread_mutex_init(&_mutex, nullptr);}void add_user(const InetAddr &who){LockGuard lockguard(_mutex);if (is_exists(who)){return;}_online_user.push_back(who);}void del_user(const InetAddr &who){LockGuard lockguard(_mutex);for (auto iter = _online_user.begin(); iter != _online_user.end(); iter++){if (*iter == who){_online_user.erase(iter);break;}}}void route_helper(int sockfd, const std::string message, InetAddr who){LockGuard lockguard(_mutex);// 消息转发for (auto u : _online_user){std::string send_message = "\n[" + who.Ip() + " : " + std::to_string(who.Port()) + "]#" + message + "\n";struct sockaddr_in clientaddr = u.addr();::sendto(sockfd, send_message.c_str(), send_message.size(), 0, (struct sockaddr *)&clientaddr, sizeof(clientaddr));}}void route(int sockfd, const std::string& message, InetAddr who){// 1. 当用户首次发信息时，将用户插入在线用户中add_user(who);// 1.1 客户端退出时if (message == "Q" || message == "quit"){del_user(who);}// 构建任务对象，入队列，让线程池进行转发task_t t = std::bind(&message_route::route_helper, this, sockfd, message, who);thread_pool<task_t>::GetInstance()->Enqueue(t);}~message_route(){pthread_mutex_destroy(&_mutex);}private:std::vector<InetAddr> _online_user;pthread_mutex_t _mutex;
};

实验结果：

image-20241213000712874

完结！！！👍👍👍


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