一、RMAN热备份
1、查看是否开启归档
archive log list;
归档未开启
归档开启方法
– 关闭数据库，重启至mount模式
shutdown immediate
startup mount
– 开启归档模式
alter database archivelog;
– 打开数据库
alter database open;
– 检查归档模式是否打开
archive log list
如上图，数据库打开归档模式之后，接下来就可以开始部署 RMAN 脚本进行在线备份了。
2、定期删除归档
由于打开归档模式后会源源不断的产生归档日志，所以建议部署一个定期删除归档的任务：
oracle__39">oracle 用户下执行
mkdir -p /home/oracle/scriptscat << EOF > "/home/oracle/scripts/del_arch.sh"
#!/bin/bash
source ~/.bash_profile
deltime=\$(date +"20%y%m%d%H%M%S")
rman target / nocatalog msglog /home/oracle/scripts/del_arch_\${deltime}.log <<RMAN_EOF
crosscheck archivelog all;
delete noprompt archivelog until time 'sysdate-7';
delete noprompt force archivelog until time 'SYSDATE-10';
RMAN_EOF
EOFchmod +x /home/oracle/scripts/del_arch.sh
root 用户下执行
cat <<EOF >> /var/spool/cron/oracle
00 02 * * * /home/oracle/scripts/del_arch.sh
EOF
3、建立本地备份
新建本地备份脚本，该脚本为增量备份脚本，分为 0 级和 1 级，周日 0 级全备，周一至周六 1 级备份。
首先需要在本地磁盘创建一个备份目录，需要有足够的磁盘空间：
oracle__69">oracle 用户下执行
mkdir -p /home/oracle/backup
chmod -R 775 /home/oracle/backup
周日为0级备份脚本：
cat << EOF > "/home/oracle/scripts/dbbackup_lv0.sh"
#!/bin/bash
source ~/.bash_profile
backtime=\$(date +"20%y%m%d%H%M%S")
rman target / log=/home/oracle/backup/level0_backup_\${backtime}.log<<RMAN_EOF
run {
allocate channel c1 device type disk;
allocate channel c2 device type disk;
crosscheck backup;
crosscheck archivelog all;
sql"alter system archive log current";
delete noprompt expired backup;
delete noprompt obsolete device type disk;
backup incremental level 0 database include current controlfile format '/home/oracle/backup/backlv0_%d_%T_%t_%s_%p';
backup archivelog all DELETE INPUT format '/home/oracle/backup/arch_%d_%T_%t_%s_%p';
release channel c1;
release channel c2;
}
RMAN_EOF
EOF
周一至周六为 1 级备份脚本：
cat << EOF > "/home/oracle/scripts/dbbackup_lv1.sh"
#!/bin/bash
source ~/.bash_profile
backtime=\$(date +"20%y%m%d%H%M%S")
rman target / log=/home/oracle/backup/level1_backup_\${backtime}.log<<RMAN_EOF
run {
allocate channel c1 device type disk;
allocate channel c2 device type disk;
crosscheck backup;
crosscheck archivelog all;
sql"alter system archive log current";
delete noprompt expired backup;
delete noprompt obsolete device type disk;
backup incremental level 1 database include current controlfile format '/home/oracle/backup/backlv1_%d_%T_%t_%s_%p';
backup archivelog all DELETE INPUT format '/home/oracle/backup/arch_%d_%T_%t_%s_%p';
release channel c1;
release channel c2;
}
RMAN_EOF
EOF
cd /home/oracle/scripts
chmod +x dbbackup_lv0.sh
chmod +x dbbackup_lv1.sh
添加到定时任务
在 root 用户下执行
su - root
echo "00 00 * * 0 /home/oracle/scripts/dbbackup_lv0.sh" >> /var/spool/cron/oracle
echo "00 00 * * 1,2,3,4,5,6 /home/oracle/scripts/dbbackup_lv1.sh" >> /var/spool/cron/oracle
连接到 RMAN 查看备份详细情况
rman target /
list backup;
验证备份集
restore validate database;
restore validate spfile;
restore validate controlfile;
4、恢复
①全量恢复：
数据启动到mount状态
sqlplus / as sysdba
startup mount
exit
启动 RMAN
rman target /
恢复数据库
RESTORE DATABASE;
应用归档日志（如果你的数据库是使用归档日志模式运行的，你需要应用归档日志以确保恢复到最新状态：）
RECOVER DATABASE;
退出RMAN
exit
打开数据库
sqlplus / as sysdba
ALTER DATABASE OPEN;
②恢复指定的数据文件（以system01.dbf为例）
确认损坏的数据文件（非必须）
sqlplus / as sysdba
SELECT * FROM DBA_DATA_FILES WHERE FILE_NAME = '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/wjz/system01.dbf';
exit
数据启动到mount状态
sqlplus / as sysdba
startup mount
exit
备份当前状态（非必须）
rman target /
BACKUP DATABASE;
恢复损坏的数据文件
RESTORE DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/wjz/system01.dbf';
应用归档日志
RECOVER DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/wjz/system01.dbf';
退出RMAN
exit
打开数据库
sqlplus / as sysdba
ALTER DATABASE OPEN;
