【Python安全攻防】【网络安全】一、常见被动信息搜集手段

一、IP查询

原理：通过目标URL查询目标的IP地址。
所需库：socket
Python代码示例：

python">import socketip = socket.gethostbyname('www.163.com')
print(ip)

上述代码中，使用gethostbyname函数。该函数位于Python内置的socket库中，其原型如下：

python">def gethostbyname(host): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__"""gethostbyname(host) -> addressReturn the IP address (a string of the form '255.255.255.255') for a host."""pass

参数host为目标的URL，返回对应的ip地址。

示例代码输出：

python">125.39.47.211Process finished with exit code 0

二、Whois查询

原理：用来查询域名是否已经被注册，以及注册域名的详细信息。
所需库：whois
安装whois模块：

python">pip install python-whois

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记录
执行上述命令后，导入会报错（找不到Whois模块）（在PyCharm中，IDLE则未出现此问题），需要在报错处再次执行安装命令。另一个方法是在终端中直接执行安装命令，并在IDLE中运行代码：
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Python代码示例：

python">from whois import whois
data = whois("www.163.com")print(data)

示例代码输出（含注释说明）：

python">{"domain_name": [  # 域名：163.com"163.COM","163.com"],"registrar": "MarkMonitor Information Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.",  # 注册公司"whois_server": "whois.markmonitor.com",  # whois服务器地址"referral_url": null,"updated_date": [  # 更新日期和时间"2023-09-22 06:35:34","2024-04-29 01:59:31+00:00"],"creation_date": [  # 创建日期和时间"1997-09-15 04:00:00","1997-09-15 04:00:00+00:00"],"expiration_date": [  # 过期日期和时间"2027-09-14 04:00:00","2027-09-14 04:00:00+00:00"],"name_servers": [  # DNS解析服务器地址"NS1.NEASE.NET","NS2.166.COM","NS3.NEASE.NET","NS4.NEASE.NET","NS5.NEASE.NET","NS6.NEASE.NET","NS8.166.COM","ns4.nease.net","ns2.166.com","ns1.nease.net","ns6.nease.net","ns5.nease.net","ns8.166.com","ns3.nease.net"],"status": [  # 服务器状态"clientDeleteProhibited https://icann.org/epp#clientDeleteProhibited","clientTransferProhibited https://icann.org/epp#clientTransferProhibited","clientUpdateProhibited https://icann.org/epp#clientUpdateProhibited","serverDeleteProhibited https://icann.org/epp#serverDeleteProhibited","serverTransferProhibited https://icann.org/epp#serverTransferProhibited","serverUpdateProhibited https://icann.org/epp#serverUpdateProhibited","clientUpdateProhibited (https://www.icann.org/epp#clientUpdateProhibited)","clientTransferProhibited (https://www.icann.org/epp#clientTransferProhibited)","clientDeleteProhibited (https://www.icann.org/epp#clientDeleteProhibited)"],"emails": [  # 联络邮箱"abusecomplaints@markmonitor.com","whoisrequest@markmonitor.com"],"dnssec": "unsigned","name": null,"org":  "\u5e7f\u5dde\u7f51\u6613\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7cfb\u7edf\u6709\u9650\u516c\u53f8","address": null,"city": null,"state": "Guang Dong",  # 城市（对应美国的“州”）：广东"registrant_postal_code": null,  # 注册者邮编（无）"country": "CN"  # 国家码
}

三、子域名挖掘

通过必应（必应搜索引擎）进行子域名搜集：
首先确保安装有requests库、bs4库、urllib库，安装这些库的命令和过程如下：
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Python代码示例：

python">import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from urllib.parse import urlparse
import sysdef bing_search(site, pages):Subdomain = []headers = {"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:68.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/68.0","Accept": "text/html,application/xhtml+xml, application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8","Referer": "https://cn.bing.com"}for i in range(1, int(pages)+1):url = "https://cn.bing.com/search?q=site%3a"+site+"&go=Search&qs=ds&first="+ str((int(i)-1) * 10) + "&FROM=PERE"html = requests.get(url, headers=headers)soup = BeautifulSoup(html.content, 'html.parser')job_bt = soup.findAll('h2')for i in job_bt:link = i.a.get('href')domain = str(urlparse(link).scheme + "://" + urlparse(link).netloc)if domain in Subdomain:passelse:Subdomain.append(domain)print(domain)if __name__ == '__main__':if len(sys.argv) == 3:site = sys.argv[1]  # 参数1：网址page = sys.argv[2]  # 参数2：获取搜索引擎页数else:print("usage: %s baidu.com 10" % sys.argv[0])sys.exit(-1)Subdomain = bing_search(site,page)