Python 智能机房签到系统：高效管理课堂考勤

智能机房 签到系统：高效管理课堂考勤

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一、概述

本机房签到系统（学生端）是一个基于 Python 和 Tkinter 图形界面库开发的客户端软件，旨在帮助学生快速完成课堂签到，并实时反馈签到状态。该软件通过网络通信与教师端服务器保持连接，确保签到数据的可靠性和实时性。

本系统具备 自动检测服务器IP、网络状态实时监测、心跳检测 以及 签到重试机制 等多项智能特性，旨在提供一个高效、便捷的签到体验，提高课堂考勤的智能化管理水平。
在这里插入图片描述

二、功能使用

1. 界面设计

窗口布局：
- 采用 Tkinter + ttk 组件构建，界面简洁直观。
- 窗口大小 420x320，不可调整大小，确保界面美观统一。
- 居中显示，提高用户体验。
输入框：
- 教师端IP输入：自动填充本机推测的教师端IP，可手动修改。
- 班级选择：提供 “七（1）班”~“七（6）班” 可选项，采用 下拉框。
- 姓名输入：限制 2-10 位中文字符，保证格式规范。
状态指示灯：
- 连接成功 （绿灯），未连接 （红灯），直观显示连接状态。
任务栏信息：
- 教师端连接状态 显示，颜色区分状态（绿色=已连接，红色=未连接）。
- 当前时间，每秒更新一次，提升用户体验。

2. 网络通信

服务器IP检测：
- 自动检测本地IP，推测教师端IP，减少学生输入错误可能性。
网络状态监测：
- 采用 双重检测机制 避免误判，每 1.5-3 秒进行一次检测。
- 状态变更时，界面 实时更新，确保学生随时掌握教师端连接情况。
心跳机制：
- 每 30 秒 发送一次 “heartbeat”，保持与教师端的在线状态。
- 如果断开连接，尝试快速重连。

3. 签到功能

签到流程：
- 点击 “立即签到” 按钮，软件会执行 服务器连接检测，确保教师端可用。
- 检查 IP 地址合法性、姓名输入格式，确保数据有效性。
- 采用 多线程 进行签到，防止界面卡顿。
- 签到请求失败时，最多重试 5 次，逐步增加延迟（指数退避）。
服务器响应：
- 成功返回 签到成功，弹窗提示，并自动关闭窗口。
- 失败时，显示 错误信息，提示用户检查网络或联系教师。

三、效果展示

在这里插入图片描述

四、总结

本机房签到系统（学生端）以 简洁美观的界面、高效的网络管理 和 智能化签到机制 为核心，提供了一个稳定、易用的课堂签到方案。其主要特点包括：
✅ 自动检测服务器IP，降低手动输入成本
✅ 实时网络监测，确保签到状态可视化
✅ 心跳机制保持在线，提高签到稳定性
✅ 高效的重试机制，减少签到失败影响

通过该系统，学生可以快速完成签到，教师端也能高效获取签到数据，从而提高课堂管理的效率和智能化水平。

五、源码展示：

教师服务端源码：

python">import socket
import threading
import json
import time
import logging
import queue
import struct
from tkinter import *
from tkinter import ttk, messagebox, filedialog
from openpyxl import Workbooklogging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO,format='%(asctime)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s',filename='server.log',filemode='a'
)def is_port_in_use(port, host='0.0.0.0'):with socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) as s:s.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)return s.connect_ex((host, port)) == 0class ServerGUI:PORT = 8888HEARTBEAT_TIMEOUT = 60HEARTBEAT_CHECK_INTERVAL = 15def __init__(self):self.window = Tk()self.window.title("机房签到-教师端")self.window.geometry("1024x768")self.window.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", self.on_close)# 状态管理self.running = Trueself.clients = {}  # {(computer, ip): tree_item}self.last_activity = {}self.client_sockets = []self.server = Noneself.socket_lock = threading.Lock()self.update_queue = queue.Queue()# 初始化组件self._init_styles()self._create_menu_bar()self._create_auto_table()self._create_taskbar()# 网络初始化if not self._init_network():return# 启动线程self.accept_thread = threading.Thread(target=self.accept_clients, daemon=True)self.heartbeat_thread = threading.Thread(target=self.heartbeat_checker, daemon=True)self.accept_thread.start()self.heartbeat_thread.start()# GUI定时任务self.update_time()self.process_update_queue()self.center_window()self.window.mainloop()def _init_styles(self):self.style = ttk.Style()self.style.theme_use('clam')self.style.configure("Treeview",background="#F5F5F5",fieldbackground="#F5F5F5",rowheight=25,font=('微软雅黑', 10))self.style.map("Treeview", background=[('selected', '#4A90E2')])def _create_menu_bar(self):menubar = Menu(self.window)file_menu = Menu(menubar, tearoff=0)file_menu.add_command(label="导出Excel", command=self.save_to_excel)file_menu.add_separator()file_menu.add_command(label="退出", command=self.on_close)help_menu = Menu(menubar, tearoff=0)help_menu.add_command(label="关于", command=self._show_about)menubar.add_cascade(label="文件", menu=file_menu)menubar.add_cascade(label="帮助", menu=help_menu)self.window.config(menu=menubar)def _create_auto_table(self):container = ttk.Frame(self.window)container.pack(fill=BOTH, expand=True, padx=8, pady=8)columns = ("computer", "ip", "checkin_class", "checkin_student")self.tree = ttk.Treeview(container,columns=columns,show="headings",selectmode="browse")headers = [("computer", "计算机名", 180),("ip", "IP地址", 150),("checkin_class", "签到班级", 200),("checkin_student", "签到学生", 150)]for col_id, col_text, min_width in headers:self.tree.heading(col_id, text=col_text, anchor=CENTER)self.tree.column(col_id, width=min_width, anchor=CENTER)vsb = ttk.Scrollbar(container, orient="vertical", command=self.tree.yview)hsb = ttk.Scrollbar(container, orient="horizontal", command=self.tree.xview)self.tree.configure(yscrollcommand=vsb.set, xscrollcommand=hsb.set)self.tree.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky="nsew")vsb.grid(row=0, column=1, sticky="ns")hsb.grid(row=1, column=0, sticky="ew")container.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight=1)container.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight=1)def _create_taskbar(self):taskbar = ttk.Frame(self.window)taskbar.pack(fill=X, side=BOTTOM, pady=4)self.checkin_count = ttk.Label(taskbar, text="已签到: 0")self.checkin_count.pack(side=LEFT, padx=12)self.time_label = ttk.Label(taskbar, text="")self.time_label.pack(side=RIGHT, padx=12)def _init_network(self):if is_port_in_use(self.PORT):messagebox.showerror("错误", f"端口 {self.PORT} 已被占用")self.window.destroy()return Falsetry:self.server = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)self.server.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)self.server.bind(('0.0.0.0', self.PORT))self.server.settimeout(1)self.server.listen(5)logging.info("服务器启动成功")return Trueexcept Exception as e:logging.error(f"服务启动失败: {str(e)}")self.window.destroy()return Falsedef accept_clients(self):while self.running:try:client, addr = self.server.accept()client.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_LINGER,struct.pack('ii', 1, 0))with self.socket_lock:self.client_sockets.append(client)threading.Thread(target=self.handle_client,args=(client, addr),daemon=True).start()logging.info(f"新连接: {addr}")except socket.timeout:continueexcept Exception as e:if self.running:logging.error(f"接受连接异常: {str(e)}")breakdef handle_client(self, client, addr):buffer = b''try:while self.running:try:data = client.recv(1024)if not data:breakbuffer += data# 处理PING请求if buffer.startswith(b'PING'):client.sendall(b'PONG\n')buffer = buffer[5:]continuewhile b'\n' in buffer:line, buffer = buffer.split(b'\n', 1)try:info = json.loads(line.decode('utf-8'))self.validate_client_info(info, addr)if info['type'] == 'checkin':self.process_checkin(info, addr)elif info['type'] == 'init':self.process_init(info, addr)elif info['type'] == 'heartbeat':self.process_heartbeat(info, addr)response = {"status": "success"}client.sendall(json.dumps(response).encode() + b'\n')except json.JSONDecodeError as e:truncated = line[:50] + b'...' if len(line) > 50 else linelogging.warning(f"无效JSON数据: {truncated} 错误: {str(e)}")except Exception as e:logging.error(f"数据处理失败: {str(e)}")except (socket.timeout, ConnectionResetError):breakexcept Exception as e:logging.error(f"客户端处理异常: {str(e)}")finally:with self.socket_lock:if client in self.client_sockets:self.client_sockets.remove(client)client.close()def validate_client_info(self, info, addr):required_fields = {'init': ['type', 'computer_name'],'checkin': ['type', 'computer_name', 'class', 'name'],'heartbeat': ['type', 'computer_name']}msg_type = info.get('type')if msg_type not in required_fields:raise ValueError(f"未知消息类型: {msg_type}")for field in required_fields[msg_type]:if field not in info:raise ValueError(f"缺失字段 {field}，来自 {addr}")def process_init(self, info, addr):key = (info['computer_name'], addr[0])if key not in self.clients:self.update_queue.put((self._add_tree_item, (key,)))self.update_queue.put((self._update_activity, (key,)))def _add_tree_item(self, key):item = self.tree.insert("", "end", values=(key[0], key[1], "", ""))self.clients[key] = itemdef process_checkin(self, info, addr):key = (info['computer_name'], addr[0])if key not in self.clients:self.process_init(info, addr)values = (key[0], key[1], info['class'], info['name'])self.update_queue.put((self._update_tree_item, (key, values)))self.update_queue.put((self._update_activity, (key,)))def _update_tree_item(self, key, values):if key in self.clients:self.tree.item(self.clients[key], values=values)def _update_activity(self, key):self.last_activity[key] = time.time()self.update_checkin_count()def process_heartbeat(self, info, addr):key = (info['computer_name'], addr[0])if key in self.last_activity:self.last_activity[key] = time.time()def heartbeat_checker(self):while self.running:current_time = time.time()expired = [k for k, t in self.last_activity.items()if current_time - t > self.HEARTBEAT_TIMEOUT]if expired:self.update_queue.put((self.remove_clients, (expired,)))time.sleep(self.HEARTBEAT_CHECK_INTERVAL)def remove_clients(self, keys):for key in keys:if key in self.clients:self.tree.delete(self.clients[key])del self.clients[key]if key in self.last_activity:del self.last_activity[key]self.update_checkin_count()def update_checkin_count(self):count = len([k for k in self.clientsif self.tree.item(self.clients[k])['values'][3]])self.checkin_count.config(text=f"已签到: {count}")def update_time(self):if self.running:self.time_label.config(text=time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"))self.window.after(1000, self.update_time)def save_to_excel(self):if not self.clients:messagebox.showwarning("提示", "当前没有可导出的签到数据")returnpath = filedialog.asksaveasfilename(defaultextension=".xlsx",filetypes=[("Excel文件", "*.xlsx")])if not path:returntry:wb = Workbook()ws = wb.activews.append(["计算机名", "IP地址", "班级", "姓名"])for key in self.clients:values = self.tree.item(self.clients[key])['values']ws.append(values)wb.save(path)messagebox.showinfo("成功", "数据已保存")except Exception as e:messagebox.showerror("错误", f"保存失败: {str(e)}")def on_close(self):logging.info("正在关闭服务器...")self.running = Falseif self.accept_thread.is_alive():self.accept_thread.join(timeout=2)if self.heartbeat_thread.is_alive():self.heartbeat_thread.join(timeout=2)self.close_network_connections()self.window.destroy()def close_network_connections(self):with self.socket_lock:logging.info("关闭客户端连接...")for client in self.client_sockets:try:client.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_LINGER,struct.pack('ii', 1, 0))client.shutdown(socket.SHUT_RDWR)client.close()except Exception as e:logging.warning(f"关闭连接出错: {str(e)}")self.client_sockets.clear()if self.server:try:self.server.close()except Exception as e:logging.warning(f"关闭服务器出错: {str(e)}")def center_window(self):self.window.update_idletasks()w = self.window.winfo_width()h = self.window.winfo_height()x = (self.window.winfo_screenwidth() - w) // 2y = (self.window.winfo_screenheight() - h) // 2self.window.geometry(f"{w}x{h}+{x}+{y}")def _show_about(self):messagebox.showinfo("关于", "机房签到系统教师端\n版本: 3.2")def process_update_queue(self):while not self.update_queue.empty():func, args = self.update_queue.get()try:if self.running:func(*args)except Exception as e:logging.error(f"队列处理异常: {str(e)}")if self.running:self.window.after(100, self.process_update_queue)if __name__ == '__main__':ServerGUI()

学生端代码：

python">import socket
import json
import threading
import logging
import time
import re
from tkinter import ttk, messagebox, Tk, Canvas, StringVar, LEFT, X, BOTTOM, RIGHT, DISABLED, NORMAL, TclErrorlogging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO,format='%(asctime)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s',filename='client.log',filemode='a'
)class EnhancedClientGUI:PORT = 8888HEARTBEAT_INTERVAL = 30CONNECT_TIMEOUT = 5MAX_RETRIES = 5RETRY_DELAY_BASE = 2STATUS_CHECK_INTERVAL = 3FAST_CHECK_INTERVAL = 1.5def __init__(self):self.window = Tk()self.window.title("机房签到-学生端")self.window.geometry("420x320")self.window.resizable(False, False)self.window.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", self.disable_close)self.running = Trueself.computer_name = socket.gethostname()self.stop_event = threading.Event()self.checkin_thread = Noneself._current_socket = None# 初始化界面组件self.create_ui()self.create_taskbar()self.center_window()# 设置初始状态为未连接self.update_status_ui(False)# 启动后台服务self.start_network_monitor()self.start_heartbeat()self.update_time()self.window.mainloop()def create_ui(self):"""创建主界面组件"""main_frame = ttk.Frame(self.window, padding=20)main_frame.pack(fill=X, expand=True)# IP地址输入部分ip_frame = ttk.Frame(main_frame)ip_frame.pack(fill=X, pady=5)ttk.Label(ip_frame, text="教师端IP").pack(side=LEFT)self.ip_entry = ttk.Entry(ip_frame)self.ip_entry.insert(0, self.detect_server_ip())self.ip_entry.pack(side=LEFT, fill=X, expand=True, padx=5)# 状态指示灯（初始红色）self.status_light = Canvas(ip_frame, width=24, height=24, bg='white')self.light_id = self.status_light.create_oval(2, 2, 22, 22, fill="red")self.status_light.pack(side=RIGHT)# 班级选择class_frame = ttk.Frame(main_frame)class_frame.pack(fill=X, pady=5)ttk.Label(class_frame, text="选择班级").pack(side=LEFT)self.class_var = StringVar()self.class_combobox = ttk.Combobox(class_frame,textvariable=self.class_var,values=['七（1）班', '七（2）班', '七（3）班', '七（4）班', '七（5）班', '七（6）班'],state="readonly")self.class_combobox.current(0)self.class_combobox.pack(side=LEFT, fill=X, expand=True, padx=5)# 姓名输入name_frame = ttk.Frame(main_frame)name_frame.pack(fill=X, pady=10)ttk.Label(name_frame, text="学生姓名").pack(side=LEFT)self.name_entry = ttk.Entry(name_frame)self.name_entry.pack(side=LEFT, fill=X, expand=True, padx=5)# 签到按钮self.btn_submit = ttk.Button(main_frame,text="立即签到",command=self.start_checkin,width=15)self.btn_submit.pack(pady=15)def create_taskbar(self):"""创建底部状态栏"""taskbar = ttk.Frame(self.window, padding=(10, 3))taskbar.pack(side=BOTTOM, fill=X)self.conn_status = ttk.Label(taskbar,text="教师端状态未连接",font=('Microsoft YaHei', 9),foreground="#F44336")self.conn_status.pack(side=LEFT, padx=5)self.time_label = ttk.Label(taskbar,font=('Microsoft YaHei', 9),foreground="#666")self.time_label.pack(side=RIGHT, padx=5)def detect_server_ip(self):"""自动检测服务器IP"""try:with socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM) as s:s.connect(("8.8.8.8", 80))local_ip = s.getsockname()[0]base_ip = local_ip.rsplit('.', 1)[0]return f"{base_ip}.100" if base_ip.count('.') == 2 else "192.168.6.100"except Exception:return "192.168.6.100"def start_network_monitor(self):"""可靠的网络监测线程"""def monitor():last_status = Falsetime.sleep(0.5)  # 等待界面初始化完成while not self.stop_event.is_set():try:# 双重检测机制status1 = self.check_server_reachable()time.sleep(0.3)status2 = self.check_server_reachable()current_status = status1 and status2except Exception as e:logging.error(f"检测异常 {str(e)}")current_status = Falseif current_status != last_status:self.safe_gui_update(lambda: self.update_status_ui(current_status))last_status = current_statusinterval = self.FAST_CHECK_INTERVAL if not current_status else self.STATUS_CHECK_INTERVALtime.sleep(interval)threading.Thread(target=monitor, daemon=True).start()def check_server_reachable(self):"""精确检测服务器可达性"""try:with socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) as s:s.settimeout(1.5)s.connect((self.ip_entry.get(), self.PORT))# 服务级验证s.sendall(b'PING\n')response = s.recv(16).decode().strip()return response == 'PONG'except (socket.timeout, ConnectionRefusedError):return Falseexcept Exception as e:logging.debug(f"连接异常 {str(e)}")return Falsedef update_status_ui(self, connected):"""更新状态指示"""target_color = "green" if connected else "red"status_text = "已连接" if connected else "未连接"status_color = "#4CAF50" if connected else "#F44336"# 更新指示灯self.status_light.itemconfig(self.light_id, fill=target_color)# 更新任务栏状态self.conn_status.config(text=f"教师端状态 {status_text}",foreground=status_color)def start_heartbeat(self):"""心跳线程"""def heartbeat_loop():while not self.stop_event.is_set():try:if self.check_server_reachable():self.send_heartbeat()time.sleep(self.HEARTBEAT_INTERVAL)except Exception as e:logging.error(f"心跳异常 {str(e)}")time.sleep(self.FAST_CHECK_INTERVAL)threading.Thread(target=heartbeat_loop, daemon=True).start()def send_heartbeat(self):"""发送心跳包"""data = {"type": "heartbeat","computer_name": self.computer_name}return self.send_request(data)def start_checkin(self):"""开始签到流程"""current_status = self.check_server_reachable()self.update_status_ui(current_status)if not current_status:self.show_error("教师端不可达，请检查IP地址")returnif not self.validate_input():returnif self.checkin_thread and self.checkin_thread.is_alive():messagebox.showwarning("提示", "已有签到请求在处理中")returnself.btn_submit.config(state=DISABLED, text="提交中...")self.checkin_thread = threading.Thread(target=self.process_checkin, daemon=True)self.checkin_thread.start()def process_checkin(self):"""处理签到逻辑"""checkin_data = {"type": "checkin","computer_name": self.computer_name,"class": self.class_var.get(),"name": self.name_entry.get().strip()}success = Falsefor attempt in range(1, self.MAX_RETRIES + 1):try:if self.send_request(checkin_data):success = Truebreaklogging.warning(f"第{attempt}次尝试失败")time.sleep(self.RETRY_DELAY_BASE * attempt)except Exception as e:logging.error(f"请求异常 {str(e)}")self.safe_gui_update(lambda: self.handle_checkin_result(success))def send_request(self, data) -> bool:"""发送网络请求"""try:self._current_socket = socket.create_connection((self.ip_entry.get(), 8888),timeout=self.CONNECT_TIMEOUT)with self._current_socket as sock:sock.sendall(json.dumps(data).encode() + b'\n')response = self.receive_response(sock)return response and response.get("status") == "success"except socket.timeout:logging.warning("连接超时")return Falseexcept ConnectionRefusedError:logging.warning("连接被拒绝")return Falseexcept Exception as e:logging.error(f"网络错误 {str(e)}")return Falsefinally:self._current_socket = Nonedef receive_response(self, sock) -> dict:"""接收服务器响应"""buffer = b''try:sock.settimeout(3)while True:part = sock.recv(1024)if not part:breakbuffer += partif b'\n' in buffer:response_line, buffer = buffer.split(b'\n', 1)try:return json.loads(response_line.decode('utf-8'))except json.JSONDecodeError:logging.error("无效的JSON响应")return Noneexcept socket.timeout:logging.warning("响应接收超时")return Nonedef validate_input(self) -> bool:"""验证输入有效性"""try:socket.inet_aton(self.ip_entry.get())except socket.error:self.show_error("无效的IP地址格式")return Falsename = self.name_entry.get().strip()if not re.match(r'^[\u4e00-\u9fa5]{2,10}$', name):self.show_error("请输入2-10位中文姓名")return Falsereturn Truedef handle_checkin_result(self, success):"""处理签到结果"""self.btn_submit.config(state=NORMAL, text="立即签到")if success:messagebox.showinfo("成功", "签到成功!")self.safe_destroy()else:messagebox.showerror("错误", "签到失败，请检查网络连接后重试")def update_time(self):"""更新时间显示"""if self.running:current_time = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")self.time_label.config(text=current_time)self.window.after(1000, self.update_time)def safe_gui_update(self, func):"""线程安全的GUI更新"""if self.running and self.window.winfo_exists():self.window.after(0, func)def show_error(self, message):"""显示错误提示"""self.safe_gui_update(lambda: messagebox.showerror("错误", message))def disable_close(self):"""阻止直接关闭窗口"""if self.running:messagebox.showinfo("提示", "请先完成签到操作")def safe_destroy(self):"""安全关闭程序"""self.running = Falseself.stop_event.set()if self._current_socket:try:self._current_socket.close()except Exception as e:logging.warning(f"关闭连接异常 {str(e)}")if self.checkin_thread and self.checkin_thread.is_alive():self.checkin_thread.join(timeout=2)try:self.window.destroy()except TclError:passdef center_window(self):"""窗口居中显示"""self.window.update_idletasks()width = self.window.winfo_width()height = self.window.winfo_height()x = (self.window.winfo_screenwidth() - width) // 2y = (self.window.winfo_screenheight() - height) // 2self.window.geometry(f"{width}x{height}+{x}+{y}")if __name__ == '__main__':EnhancedClientGUI()