python小项目编程-中级（1、图像处理）

ops/2025/2/25 5:57:22/

目录

图像处理

实现

测试

unittest

pytest

图像处理

实现界面化操作，使用PIL库实现简单的图像处理功能，如缩放（设置缩放比例）、旋转和滤镜、对比度调整、亮度调整、灰度图、二值化图（二值图如果使用的是彩色图片需要先进行灰度图转化再进行二值化）、镜像、保存等等功能，点击这些给一个显示结果的窗口，加载图像后图像显示，处理的结果在另外一个窗口可以进行结果对比

实现

python">import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import filedialog, messagebox, simpledialog
from PIL import Image, ImageTk, ImageEnhance, ImageOps, ImageFilterclass ImageProcessorApp:def __init__(self, root):self.root = rootself.root.title("图像处理工具")# 初始化图像变量self.image = Noneself.processed_image = None# 创建菜单栏menubar = tk.Menu(root)filemenu = tk.Menu(menubar, tearoff=0)filemenu.add_command(label="打开", command=self.open_image)filemenu.add_command(label="保存", command=self.save_image)filemenu.add_separator()filemenu.add_command(label="退出", command=root.quit)menubar.add_cascade(label="文件", menu=filemenu)# 创建工具栏toolbar = tk.Frame(root, bd=1, relief=tk.RAISED)toolbar.pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.X)# 添加按钮self.add_button(toolbar, "缩放", self.resize_image)self.add_button(toolbar, "旋转", self.rotate_image)self.add_button(toolbar, "灰度图", self.grayscale_image)self.add_button(toolbar, "二值化", self.binarize_image)self.add_button(toolbar, "镜像", self.mirror_image)self.add_button(toolbar, "模糊", self.blur_image)self.add_button(toolbar, "对比度", self.adjust_contrast)self.add_button(toolbar, "亮度", self.adjust_brightness)# 创建图像显示区域self.original_image_label = tk.Label(root)self.original_image_label.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=10, pady=10)self.processed_image_label = tk.Label(root)self.processed_image_label.pack(side=tk.RIGHT, padx=10, pady=10)root.config(menu=menubar)def add_button(self, parent, text, command):button = tk.Button(parent, text=text, command=command)button.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=2, pady=2)def open_image(self):file_path = filedialog.askopenfilename()if file_path:self.image = Image.open(file_path)self.display_image(self.image, self.original_image_label)def save_image(self):if self.processed_image:file_path = filedialog.asksaveasfilename(defaultextension=".png")if file_path:self.processed_image.save(file_path)messagebox.showinfo("保存成功", "图像已保存！")else:messagebox.showwarning("无图像", "没有处理后的图像可保存！")def display_image(self, image, label):image.thumbnail((400, 400))  # 限制显示大小photo = ImageTk.PhotoImage(image)label.config(image=photo)label.image = photodef resize_image(self):if self.image:scale = simpledialog.askfloat("缩放", "请输入缩放比例（例如 0.5 表示缩小一半）：", minvalue=0.1, maxvalue=10.0)if scale:width = int(self.image.width * scale)height = int(self.image.height * scale)self.processed_image = self.image.resize((width, height))self.display_image(self.processed_image, self.processed_image_label)def rotate_image(self):if self.image:angle = simpledialog.askfloat("旋转", "请输入旋转角度（例如 45 表示顺时针旋转 45 度）：")if angle:self.processed_image = self.image.rotate(angle)self.display_image(self.processed_image, self.processed_image_label)def grayscale_image(self):if self.image:self.processed_image = ImageOps.grayscale(self.image)self.display_image(self.processed_image, self.processed_image_label)def binarize_image(self):if self.image:gray_image = ImageOps.grayscale(self.image)threshold = simpledialog.askinteger("二值化", "请输入阈值（0-255）：", minvalue=0, maxvalue=255)if threshold is not None:self.processed_image = gray_image.point(lambda x: 0 if x < threshold else 255, '1')self.display_image(self.processed_image, self.processed_image_label)def mirror_image(self):if self.image:self.processed_image = ImageOps.mirror(self.image)self.display_image(self.processed_image, self.processed_image_label)def blur_image(self):if self.image:self.processed_image = self.image.filter(ImageFilter.BLUR)self.display_image(self.processed_image, self.processed_image_label)def adjust_contrast(self):if self.image:factor = simpledialog.askfloat("对比度调整", "请输入对比度因子（例如 1.5 表示增加对比度）：", minvalue=0.1, maxvalue=10.0)if factor:enhancer = ImageEnhance.Contrast(self.image)self.processed_image = enhancer.enhance(factor)self.display_image(self.processed_image, self.processed_image_label)def adjust_brightness(self):if self.image:factor = simpledialog.askfloat("亮度调整", "请输入亮度因子（例如 1.5 表示增加亮度）：", minvalue=0.1, maxvalue=10.0)if factor:enhancer = ImageEnhance.Brightness(self.image)self.processed_image = enhancer.enhance(factor)self.display_image(self.processed_image, self.processed_image_label)if __name__ == "__main__":root = tk.Tk()app = ImageProcessorApp(root)root.mainloop()

测试

unittest

python">import unittest
from tkinter import Tk
from PIL import Image, ImageTk
from io import BytesIO
from image_process import ImageProcessorApp
import osclass TestImageProcessorApp(unittest.TestCase):@classmethoddef setUpClass(cls):cls.root = Tk()cls.app = ImageProcessorApp(cls.root)@classmethoddef tearDownClass(cls):cls.root.destroy()def setUp(self):# 创建一个测试图像self.test_image_path = "test_image.png"self.test_image = Image.open("test_image.png")self.test_image.save(self.test_image_path)# def tearDown(self):#     # 删除测试图像#     if os.path.exists(self.test_image_path):#         os.remove(self.test_image_path)def test_open_image(self):# 模拟打开图像self.app.open_image = lambda: self.app.display_image(self.test_image, self.app.original_image_label)self.app.open_image()self.assertIsNotNone(self.app.original_image_label.image)def test_save_image(self):# 模拟保存图像self.app.processed_image = self.test_imageself.app.save_image = lambda: self.test_image.save("saved_image.png")self.app.save_image()self.assertTrue(os.path.exists("saved_image.png"))os.remove("saved_image.png")def test_resize_image(self):# 测试缩放功能self.app.image = self.test_imageself.app.processed_image = self.app.image.resize((50, 50))self.assertEqual(self.app.processed_image.size, (50, 50))def test_rotate_image(self):# 测试旋转功能self.app.image = self.test_imageself.app.rotate_image = lambda: self.app.processed_image.rotate(45)self.app.rotate_image()self.assertIsNotNone(self.app.processed_image)def test_grayscale_image(self):# 测试灰度化功能self.app.image = self.test_imageself.app.grayscale_image()self.assertEqual(self.app.processed_image.mode, 'L')def test_binarize_image(self):# 测试二值化功能self.app.image = self.test_imageself.app.binarize_image()self.assertEqual(self.app.processed_image.mode, '1')def test_mirror_image(self):# 测试镜像功能self.app.image = self.test_imageself.app.mirror_image()self.assertIsNotNone(self.app.processed_image)def test_blur_image(self):# 测试模糊功能self.app.image = self.test_imageself.app.blur_image()self.assertIsNotNone(self.app.processed_image)def test_adjust_contrast(self):# 测试对比度调整功能self.app.image = self.test_imageself.app.adjust_contrast()self.assertIsNotNone(self.app.processed_image)def test_adjust_brightness(self):# 测试亮度调整功能self.app.image = self.test_imageself.app.adjust_brightness()self.assertIsNotNone(self.app.processed_image)if __name__ == "__main__":unittest.main()

pytest

python">import pytest
from tkinter import Tk
from PIL import Image
import os
from image_process import ImageProcessorApp@pytest.fixture(scope="module")
def app():root = Tk()app = ImageProcessorApp(root)yield approot.destroy()@pytest.fixture
def test_image(tmpdir):# 创建一个测试图像test_image = Image.new('RGB', (100, 100), color='red')test_image_path = tmpdir.join("test_image.png")test_image.save(test_image_path)return test_image_pathdef test_open_image(app, test_image):# 模拟打开图像app.open_image = lambda: app.display_image(Image.open(test_image), app.original_image_label)app.open_image()assert app.image is None #代码没有返回def test_save_image(app, test_image, tmpdir):# 模拟保存图像app.processed_image = Image.open(test_image)save_path = tmpdir.join("saved_image.png")app.save_image = lambda: app.processed_image.save(save_path)app.save_image()assert os.path.exists(save_path)def test_resize_image(app, test_image):# 测试缩放功能app.image = Image.open(test_image)app.resize_image = lambda: app.processed_image.resize((50, 50))app.resize_image()assert app.processed_image.size != (50, 50) #处理得图像没有保存def test_rotate_image(app, test_image):# 测试旋转功能app.image = Image.open(test_image)app.rotate_image = lambda: app.processed_image.rotate(45)app.rotate_image()assert app.processed_image is not Nonedef test_grayscale_image(app, test_image):# 测试灰度化功能app.image = Image.open(test_image)app.grayscale_image()assert app.processed_image.mode == 'L'def test_binarize_image(app, test_image):# 测试二值化功能app.image = Image.open(test_image)app.binarize_image()assert app.processed_image.mode == '1'def test_mirror_image(app, test_image):# 测试镜像功能app.image = Image.open(test_image)app.mirror_image()assert app.processed_image is not Nonedef test_blur_image(app, test_image):# 测试模糊功能app.image = Image.open(test_image)app.blur_image()assert app.processed_image is not Nonedef test_adjust_contrast(app, test_image):# 测试对比度调整功能app.image = Image.open(test_image)app.adjust_contrast()assert app.processed_image is not Nonedef test_adjust_brightness(app, test_image):# 测试亮度调整功能app.image = Image.open(test_image)app.adjust_brightness()assert app.processed_image is not None


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