K8s入门

namespace

kubectl get ns      # 获取命名空间
kubectl create ns 名字 # 创建命名空间
kubectl delete ns 名字 # 删除命名空间

配置文件格式创建namespace

hello.yaml

apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:name: hello

kubectl apply -f hello.yaml # 应用配置文件
kebectl delete -f hello.yaml # 删除配置文件和对应的命名空间

pod

kubectl run mynginx --image=nginx# 查看default名称空间的Pod
kubectl get pod  
kubectl get pod -owide # 详情
# 描述
kubectl describe pod 你自己的Pod名字
# 删除
kubectl delete pod Pod名字
# 查看Pod的运行日志
kubectl logs Pod名字# 每个Pod - k8s都会分配一个ip
kubectl get pod -owide
# 使用Pod的ip+pod里面运行容器的端口
curl 192.168.169.136# 集群中的任意一个机器以及任意的应用都能通过Pod分配的ip来访问这个Pod

yaml形式创建pod

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:labels:run: mynginxname: mynginx
#  namespace: default
spec:containers:- image: nginxname: mynginx

多容器

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:labels:run: myappname: myapp
spec:containers:- image: nginxname: nginx- image: tomcat:8.5.68name: tomcat

deployment

多版本

# 清除所有Pod，比较下面两个命令有何不同效果？
kubectl run mynginx --image=nginxkubectl create deployment mytomcat --image=tomcat:8.5.68
# 自愈能力#多个副本
kubectl create deployment my-dep --image=nginx --replicas=3

配置文件

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:labels:app: my-depname: my-dep
spec:replicas: 3selector:matchLabels:app: my-deptemplate:metadata:labels:app: my-depspec:containers:- image: nginxname: nginx

扩缩容

kubectl scale --replicas=5 deployment/my-dep# 修改配置文件
kubectl edit deployment my-dep#修改 replicas

治愈能力

pod会自动重启，若机器宕机会在其他机器中启动该pod

• 停机
• 删除Pod
• 容器崩溃
• …

滚动更新

kubectl set image deployment/my-dep nginx=nginx:1.16.1 --record
kubectl rollout status deployment/my-dep

版本回退

#历史记录
kubectl rollout history deployment/my-dep#查看某个历史详情
kubectl rollout history deployment/my-dep --revision=2#回滚(回到上次)
kubectl rollout undo deployment/my-dep#回滚(回到指定版本)
kubectl rollout undo deployment/my-dep --to-revision=2

service

#暴露Deploy
kubectl expose deployment my-dep --port=8000 --target-port=80#使用标签检索Pod
kubectl get pod -l app=my-dep

配置文件

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:labels:app: my-depname: my-dep
spec:selector:app: my-depports:- port: 8000protocol: TCPtargetPort: 80

访问：ip + 端口 / 名称.域名空间.svc +端口

ClusterIP

# 等同于没有--type的
kubectl expose deployment my-dep --port=8000 --target-port=80 --type=ClusterIP

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:labels:app: my-depname: my-dep
spec:ports:- port: 8000protocol: TCPtargetPort: 80selector:app: my-deptype: ClusterIP

NodePort

kubectl expose deployment my-dep --port=8000 --target-port=80 --type=NodePort

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:labels:app: my-depname: my-dep
spec:ports:- port: 8000protocol: TCPtargetPort: 80selector:app: my-deptype: NodePort

NodePort范围在 30000-32767 之间

ingress

安装：

wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx/controller-v0.47.0/deploy/static/provider/baremetal/deploy.yaml#修改镜像
vi deploy.yaml
#将image的值改为如下值：
registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/lfy_k8s_images/ingress-nginx-controller:v0.46.0# 检查安装的结果
kubectl get pod,svc -n ingress-nginx# 最后别忘记把svc暴露的端口要放行

apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:name: ingress-nginxlabels:app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginxapp.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/controller-serviceaccount.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:labels:helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-3.33.0app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginxapp.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginxapp.kubernetes.io/version: 0.47.0app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helmapp.kubernetes.io/component: controllername: ingress-nginxnamespace: ingress-nginx
automountServiceAccountToken: true
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/controller-configmap.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:labels:helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-3.33.0app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginxapp.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginxapp.kubernetes.io/version: 0.47.0app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helmapp.kubernetes.io/component: controllername: ingress-nginx-controllernamespace: ingress-nginx
data:
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/clusterrole.yaml
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:labels:helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-3.33.0app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginxapp.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginxapp.kubernetes.io/version: 0.47.0app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helmname: ingress-nginx
rules:- apiGroups:- ''resources:- configmaps- endpoints- nodes- pods- secretsverbs:- list- watch- apiGroups:- ''resources:- nodesverbs:- get- apiGroups:- ''resources:- servicesverbs:- get- list- watch- apiGroups:- extensions- networking.k8s.io   # k8s 1.14+resources:- ingressesverbs:- get- list- watch- apiGroups:- ''resources:- eventsverbs:- create- patch- apiGroups:- extensions- networking.k8s.io   # k8s 1.14+resources:- ingresses/statusverbs:- update- apiGroups:- networking.k8s.io   # k8s 1.14+resources:- ingressclassesverbs:- get- list- watch
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/clusterrolebinding.yaml
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:labels:helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-3.33.0app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginxapp.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginxapp.kubernetes.io/version: 0.47.0app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helmname: ingress-nginx
roleRef:apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.iokind: ClusterRolename: ingress-nginx
subjects:- kind: ServiceAccountname: ingress-nginxnamespace: ingress-nginx
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/controller-role.yaml
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: Role
metadata:labels:helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-3.33.0app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginxapp.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginxapp.kubernetes.io/version: 0.47.0app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helmapp.kubernetes.io/component: controllername: ingress-nginxnamespace: ingress-nginx
rules:- apiGroups:- ''resources:- namespacesverbs:- get- apiGroups:- ''resources:- configmaps- pods- secrets- endpointsverbs:- get- list- watch- apiGroups:- ''resources:- servicesverbs:- get- list- watch- apiGroups:- extensions- networking.k8s.io   # k8s 1.14+resources:- ingressesverbs:- get- list- watch- apiGroups:- extensions- networking.k8s.io   # k8s 1.14+resources:- ingresses/statusverbs:- update- apiGroups:- networking.k8s.io   # k8s 1.14+resources:- ingressclassesverbs:- get- list- watch- apiGroups:- ''resources:- configmapsresourceNames:- ingress-controller-leader-nginxverbs:- get- update- apiGroups:- ''resources:- configmapsverbs:- create- apiGroups:- ''resources:- eventsverbs:- create- patch
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/controller-rolebinding.yaml
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:labels:helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-3.33.0app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginxapp.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginxapp.kubernetes.io/version: 0.47.0app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helmapp.kubernetes.io/component: controllername: ingress-nginxnamespace: ingress-nginx
roleRef:apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.iokind: Rolename: ingress-nginx
subjects:- kind: ServiceAccountname: ingress-nginxnamespace: ingress-nginx
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/controller-service-webhook.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:labels:helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-3.33.0app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginxapp.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginxapp.kubernetes.io/version: 0.47.0app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helmapp.kubernetes.io/component: controllername: ingress-nginx-controller-admissionnamespace: ingress-nginx
spec:type: ClusterIPports:- name: https-webhookport: 443targetPort: webhookselector:app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginxapp.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginxapp.kubernetes.io/component: controller
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/controller-service.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:annotations:labels:helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-3.33.0app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginxapp.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginxapp.kubernetes.io/version: 0.47.0app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helmapp.kubernetes.io/component: controllername: ingress-nginx-controllernamespace: ingress-nginx
spec:type: NodePortports:- name: httpport: 80protocol: TCPtargetPort: http- name: httpsport: 443protocol: TCPtargetPort: httpsselector:app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginxapp.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginxapp.kubernetes.io/component: controller
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/controller-deployment.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:labels:helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-3.33.0app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginxapp.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginxapp.kubernetes.io/version: 0.47.0app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helmapp.kubernetes.io/component: controllername: ingress-nginx-controllernamespace: ingress-nginx
spec:selector:matchLabels:app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginxapp.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginxapp.kubernetes.io/component: controllerrevisionHistoryLimit: 10minReadySeconds: 0template:metadata:labels:app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginxapp.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginxapp.kubernetes.io/component: controllerspec:dnsPolicy: ClusterFirstcontainers:- name: controllerimage: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/lfy_k8s_images/ingress-nginx-controller:v0.46.0imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresentlifecycle:preStop:exec:command:- /wait-shutdownargs:- /nginx-ingress-controller- --election-id=ingress-controller-leader- --ingress-class=nginx- --configmap=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/ingress-nginx-controller- --validating-webhook=:8443- --validating-webhook-certificate=/usr/local/certificates/cert- --validating-webhook-key=/usr/local/certificates/keysecurityContext:capabilities:drop:- ALLadd:- NET_BIND_SERVICErunAsUser: 101allowPrivilegeEscalation: trueenv:- name: POD_NAMEvalueFrom:fieldRef:fieldPath: metadata.name- name: POD_NAMESPACEvalueFrom:fieldRef:fieldPath: metadata.namespace- name: LD_PRELOADvalue: /usr/local/lib/libmimalloc.solivenessProbe:failureThreshold: 5httpGet:path: /healthzport: 10254scheme: HTTPinitialDelaySeconds: 10periodSeconds: 10successThreshold: 1timeoutSeconds: 1readinessProbe:failureThreshold: 3httpGet:path: /healthzport: 10254scheme: HTTPinitialDelaySeconds: 10periodSeconds: 10successThreshold: 1timeoutSeconds: 1ports:- name: httpcontainerPort: 80protocol: TCP- name: httpscontainerPort: 443protocol: TCP- name: webhookcontainerPort: 8443protocol: TCPvolumeMounts:- name: webhook-certmountPath: /usr/local/certificates/readOnly: trueresources:requests:cpu: 100mmemory: 90MinodeSelector:kubernetes.io/os: linuxserviceAccountName: ingress-nginxterminationGracePeriodSeconds: 300volumes:- name: webhook-certsecret:secretName: ingress-nginx-admission
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/admission-webhooks/validating-webhook.yaml
# before changing this value, check the required kubernetes version
# https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/extensible-admission-controllers/#prerequisites
apiVersion: admissionregistration.k8s.io/v1
kind: ValidatingWebhookConfiguration
metadata:labels:helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-3.33.0app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginxapp.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginxapp.kubernetes.io/version: 0.47.0app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helmapp.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhookname: ingress-nginx-admission
webhooks:- name: validate.nginx.ingress.kubernetes.iomatchPolicy: Equivalentrules:- apiGroups:- networking.k8s.ioapiVersions:- v1beta1operations:- CREATE- UPDATEresources:- ingressesfailurePolicy: FailsideEffects: NoneadmissionReviewVersions:- v1- v1beta1clientConfig:service:namespace: ingress-nginxname: ingress-nginx-controller-admissionpath: /networking/v1beta1/ingresses
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/admission-webhooks/job-patch/serviceaccount.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:name: ingress-nginx-admissionannotations:helm.sh/hook: pre-install,pre-upgrade,post-install,post-upgradehelm.sh/hook-delete-policy: before-hook-creation,hook-succeededlabels:helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-3.33.0app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginxapp.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginxapp.kubernetes.io/version: 0.47.0app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helmapp.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhooknamespace: ingress-nginx
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/admission-webhooks/job-patch/clusterrole.yaml
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:name: ingress-nginx-admissionannotations:helm.sh/hook: pre-install,pre-upgrade,post-install,post-upgradehelm.sh/hook-delete-policy: before-hook-creation,hook-succeededlabels:helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-3.33.0app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginxapp.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginxapp.kubernetes.io/version: 0.47.0app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helmapp.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook
rules:- apiGroups:- admissionregistration.k8s.ioresources:- validatingwebhookconfigurationsverbs:- get- update
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/admission-webhooks/job-patch/clusterrolebinding.yaml
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:name: ingress-nginx-admissionannotations:helm.sh/hook: pre-install,pre-upgrade,post-install,post-upgradehelm.sh/hook-delete-policy: before-hook-creation,hook-succeededlabels:helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-3.33.0app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginxapp.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginxapp.kubernetes.io/version: 0.47.0app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helmapp.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook
roleRef:apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.iokind: ClusterRolename: ingress-nginx-admission
subjects:- kind: ServiceAccountname: ingress-nginx-admissionnamespace: ingress-nginx
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/admission-webhooks/job-patch/role.yaml
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: Role
metadata:name: ingress-nginx-admissionannotations:helm.sh/hook: pre-install,pre-upgrade,post-install,post-upgradehelm.sh/hook-delete-policy: before-hook-creation,hook-succeededlabels:helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-3.33.0app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginxapp.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginxapp.kubernetes.io/version: 0.47.0app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helmapp.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhooknamespace: ingress-nginx
rules:- apiGroups:- ''resources:- secretsverbs:- get- create
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/admission-webhooks/job-patch/rolebinding.yaml
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:name: ingress-nginx-admissionannotations:helm.sh/hook: pre-install,pre-upgrade,post-install,post-upgradehelm.sh/hook-delete-policy: before-hook-creation,hook-succeededlabels:helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-3.33.0app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginxapp.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginxapp.kubernetes.io/version: 0.47.0app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helmapp.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhooknamespace: ingress-nginx
roleRef:apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.iokind: Rolename: ingress-nginx-admission
subjects:- kind: ServiceAccountname: ingress-nginx-admissionnamespace: ingress-nginx
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/admission-webhooks/job-patch/job-createSecret.yaml
apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:name: ingress-nginx-admission-createannotations:helm.sh/hook: pre-install,pre-upgradehelm.sh/hook-delete-policy: before-hook-creation,hook-succeededlabels:helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-3.33.0app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginxapp.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginxapp.kubernetes.io/version: 0.47.0app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helmapp.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhooknamespace: ingress-nginx
spec:template:metadata:name: ingress-nginx-admission-createlabels:helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-3.33.0app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginxapp.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginxapp.kubernetes.io/version: 0.47.0app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helmapp.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhookspec:containers:- name: createimage: docker.io/jettech/kube-webhook-certgen:v1.5.1imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresentargs:- create- --host=ingress-nginx-controller-admission,ingress-nginx-controller-admission.$(POD_NAMESPACE).svc- --namespace=$(POD_NAMESPACE)- --secret-name=ingress-nginx-admissionenv:- name: POD_NAMESPACEvalueFrom:fieldRef:fieldPath: metadata.namespacerestartPolicy: OnFailureserviceAccountName: ingress-nginx-admissionsecurityContext:runAsNonRoot: truerunAsUser: 2000
---
# Source: ingress-nginx/templates/admission-webhooks/job-patch/job-patchWebhook.yaml
apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:name: ingress-nginx-admission-patchannotations:helm.sh/hook: post-install,post-upgradehelm.sh/hook-delete-policy: before-hook-creation,hook-succeededlabels:helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-3.33.0app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginxapp.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginxapp.kubernetes.io/version: 0.47.0app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helmapp.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhooknamespace: ingress-nginx
spec:template:metadata:name: ingress-nginx-admission-patchlabels:helm.sh/chart: ingress-nginx-3.33.0app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginxapp.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginxapp.kubernetes.io/version: 0.47.0app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helmapp.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhookspec:containers:- name: patchimage: docker.io/jettech/kube-webhook-certgen:v1.5.1imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresentargs:- patch- --webhook-name=ingress-nginx-admission- --namespace=$(POD_NAMESPACE)- --patch-mutating=false- --secret-name=ingress-nginx-admission- --patch-failure-policy=Failenv:- name: POD_NAMESPACEvalueFrom:fieldRef:fieldPath: metadata.namespacerestartPolicy: OnFailureserviceAccountName: ingress-nginx-admissionsecurityContext:runAsNonRoot: truerunAsUser: 2000

应用如下yaml，准备好测试环境

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:name: hello-server
spec:replicas: 2selector:matchLabels:app: hello-servertemplate:metadata:labels:app: hello-serverspec:containers:- name: hello-serverimage: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/lfy_k8s_images/hello-serverports:- containerPort: 9000
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:labels:app: nginx-demoname: nginx-demo
spec:replicas: 2selector:matchLabels:app: nginx-demotemplate:metadata:labels:app: nginx-demospec:containers:- image: nginxname: nginx
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:labels:app: nginx-demoname: nginx-demo
spec:selector:app: nginx-demoports:- port: 8000protocol: TCPtargetPort: 80
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:labels:app: hello-servername: hello-server
spec:selector:app: hello-serverports:- port: 8000protocol: TCPtargetPort: 9000

域名访问

apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress  
metadata:name: ingress-host-bar
spec:ingressClassName: nginxrules:- host: "hello.atguigu.com"http:paths:- pathType: Prefixpath: "/"backend:service:name: hello-serverport:number: 8000- host: "demo.atguigu.com"http:paths:- pathType: Prefixpath: "/nginx"  # 把请求会转给下面的服务，下面的服务一定要能处理这个路径，不能处理就是404backend:service:name: nginx-demo  ## java，比如使用路径重写，去掉前缀nginxport:number: 8000

路径重写

apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress  
metadata:annotations:nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/rewrite-target: /$2name: ingress-host-bar
spec:ingressClassName: nginxrules:- host: "hello.atguigu.com"http:paths:- pathType: Prefixpath: "/"backend:service:name: hello-serverport:number: 8000- host: "demo.atguigu.com"http:paths:- pathType: Prefixpath: "/nginx(/|$)(.*)"  # 把请求会转给下面的服务，下面的服务一定要能处理这个路径，不能处理就是404backend:service:name: nginx-demo  ## java，比如使用路径重写，去掉前缀nginxport:number: 8000

流量限制

apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:name: ingress-limit-rateannotations:nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/limit-rps: "1"
spec:ingressClassName: nginxrules:- host: "haha.atguigu.com"http:paths:- pathType: Exactpath: "/"backend:service:name: nginx-demoport:number: 8000

存储抽象

#所有机器安装
yum install -y nfs-utils

主节点：

#nfs主节点
echo "/nfs/data/ *(insecure,rw,sync,no_root_squash)" > /etc/exportsmkdir -p /nfs/data
systemctl enable rpcbind --now
systemctl enable nfs-server --now
#配置生效
exportfs -r

从节点：

showmount -e 172.31.0.4#执行以下命令挂载 nfs 服务器上的共享目录到本机路径 /root/nfsmount
mkdir -p /nfs/datamount -t nfs 172.31.0.4:/nfs/data /nfs/data
# 写入一个测试文件
echo "hello nfs server" > /nfs/data/test.txt

原生方式数据挂载

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:labels:app: nginx-pv-demoname: nginx-pv-demo
spec:replicas: 2selector:matchLabels:app: nginx-pv-demotemplate:metadata:labels:app: nginx-pv-demospec:containers:- image: nginxname: nginxvolumeMounts:- name: htmlmountPath: /usr/share/nginx/htmlvolumes:- name: htmlnfs:server: 172.31.0.4path: /nfs/data/nginx-pv

PV&PVC

PV：持久卷（Persistent Volume），将应用需要持久化的数据保存到指定位置

PVC：持久卷申明（Persistent Volume Claim），申明需要使用的持久卷规格

创建pv池

#nfs主节点
mkdir -p /nfs/data/01
mkdir -p /nfs/data/02
mkdir -p /nfs/data/03

创建PV

apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolume
metadata:name: pv01-10m
spec:capacity:storage: 10MaccessModes:- ReadWriteManystorageClassName: nfsnfs:path: /nfs/data/01server: 172.31.0.4
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolume
metadata:name: pv02-1gi
spec:capacity:storage: 1GiaccessModes:- ReadWriteManystorageClassName: nfsnfs:path: /nfs/data/02server: 172.31.0.4
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolume
metadata:name: pv03-3gi
spec:capacity:storage: 3GiaccessModes:- ReadWriteManystorageClassName: nfsnfs:path: /nfs/data/03server: 172.31.0.4

PVC创建与绑定

创建PVC

kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
apiVersion: v1
metadata:name: nginx-pvc
spec:accessModes:- ReadWriteManyresources:requests:storage: 200MistorageClassName: nfs

创建Pod绑定PVC

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:labels:app: nginx-deploy-pvcname: nginx-deploy-pvc
spec:replicas: 2selector:matchLabels:app: nginx-deploy-pvctemplate:metadata:labels:app: nginx-deploy-pvcspec:containers:- image: nginxname: nginxvolumeMounts:- name: htmlmountPath: /usr/share/nginx/htmlvolumes:- name: htmlpersistentVolumeClaim:claimName: nginx-pvc

ConfigMap

抽取应用配置，并且可以自动更新

redis示例

# 创建配置，redis保存到k8s的etcd；
kubectl create cm redis-conf --from-file=redis.conf

apiVersion: v1
data:    #data是所有真正的数据，key：默认是文件名   value：配置文件的内容redis.conf: |appendonly yes
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:name: redis-confnamespace: default

创建Pod

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:name: redis
spec:containers:- name: redisimage: rediscommand:- redis-server- "/redis-master/redis.conf"  #指的是redis容器内部的位置ports:- containerPort: 6379volumeMounts:- mountPath: /dataname: data- mountPath: /redis-mastername: configvolumes:- name: dataemptyDir: {}- name: configconfigMap:name: redis-confitems:- key: redis.confpath: redis.conf

检查默认配置

kubectl exec -it redis -- redis-cli127.0.0.1:6379> CONFIG GET appendonly
127.0.0.1:6379> CONFIG GET requirepass

apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:name: example-redis-config
data:redis-config: |maxmemory 2mbmaxmemory-policy allkeys-lru 

检查配置是否更新

kubectl exec -it redis -- redis-cli127.0.0.1:6379> CONFIG GET maxmemory
127.0.0.1:6379> CONFIG GET maxmemory-policy

检查指定文件内容是否已经更新

修改了CM。Pod里面的配置文件会跟着变

*配置值未更改，因为需要重新启动 Pod 才能从关联的 ConfigMap 中获取更新的值。*

*原因：我们的Pod部署的中间件自己本身没有热更新能力*

Secret

Secret 对象类型用来保存敏感信息，例如密码、OAuth 令牌和 SSH 密钥。 将这些信息放在 secret 中比放在 Pod 的定义或者 容器镜像 中来说更加安全和灵活。

kubectl create secret docker-registry leifengyang-docker \
--docker-username=leifengyang \
--docker-password=Lfy123456 \
--docker-email=534096094@qq.com##命令格式
kubectl create secret docker-registry regcred \--docker-server=<你的镜像仓库服务器> \--docker-username=<你的用户名> \--docker-password=<你的密码> \--docker-email=<你的邮箱地址>

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:name: private-nginx
spec:containers:- name: private-nginximage: leifengyang/guignginx:v1.0imagePullSecrets:- name: leifengyang-docker