Restful接口开发与测试

开发完接口，接下来我们需要对我们开发的接口进行测试。接口测试的方法比较多，使用接口工具或者Python来测试都可以，工具方面比如之前我们学习过的Postman或者Jmeter ，Python脚本测试可以使用Requests + unittest来测试。

测试思路

功能测试：数据的增删改查
异常测试：未授权，参数异常等

Postman测试

使用测试工具Postman测试结果如下所示：

user接口测试

查询所有用户

创建用户

修改用户

删除用户

未授权测试

groups接口测试

查询所有groups数据

修改group数据

删除groups

Requests+Unittest

在api目录下面新建一个test_unittest.py，代码实现如下:

tests_unittest.py


import requests
import unittestclass UserTest(unittest.TestCase):def setUp(self):self.base_url='http://127.0.0.1:8000/users'self.auth=('51zxw','zxw20182018')def test_get_user(self):r=requests.get(self.base_url+'/1/',auth=self.auth)result=r.json()self.assertEqual(result['username'],'51zxw')self.assertEqual(result['email'],'51zxw@163.com')def test_add_user(self):form_data={'username':'zxw222','email':'zxw668@qq.com','groups':'http://127.0.0.1:8000/groups/2/'}r=requests.post(self.base_url+'/',data=form_data,auth=self.auth)result=r.json()self.assertEqual(result['username'],'zxw222')def test_delete_user(self):r=requests.delete(self.base_url+'/11/',auth=self.auth)self.assertEqual(r.status_code,204)def test_update_user(self):form_data={'email':'2222@163.com'}r=requests.patch(self.base_url+'/2/',auth=self.auth,data=form_data)result=r.json()self.assertEqual(result['email'],'2222@163.com')def test_no_auth(self):r=requests.get(self.base_url)result=r.json()self.assertEqual(result['detail'],'Authentication credentials were not provided.')class GroupTest(unittest.TestCase):def setUp(self):self.base_url='http://127.0.0.1:8000/groups'self.auth=('51zxw','zxw20182018')def test_group_developer(self):r=requests.get(self.base_url+'/7/',auth=self.auth)result=r.json()self.assertEqual(result['name'],'Developer')def test_add_group(self):form_data={'name':'Pm'}r=requests.post(self.base_url+'/',auth=self.auth,data=form_data)result=r.json()self.assertEqual(result['name'],'Pm')def test_update_group(self):form_data={'name':'Boss'}r=requests.patch(self.base_url+'/6/',auth=self.auth,data=form_data)result=r.json()self.assertEqual(result['name'],'Boss')def test_detele_group(self):r=requests.delete(self.base_url+'/6/',auth=self.auth)self.assertEqual(r.status_code,204)if __name__ == '__main__':unittest.main()

Django自带测试模块

打开api目录下面的tests文件，编写如下测试代码

tests.py


from django.test import TestCase
import requests# Create your tests here.
class UserTest(TestCase):def setUp(self):self.base_url='http://127.0.0.1:8000/users'self.auth=('51zxw','xxxxx')def test_get_user(self):r=requests.get(self.base_url+'/1/',auth=self.auth)result=r.json()self.assertEqual(result['username'],'51zxw')self.assertEqual(result['email'],'zxw886@qq.com')# @unittest.skip('skip add user')def test_add_user(self):form_data={'username':'zxw222','email':'zxw668@qq.com','groups':'http://127.0.0.1:8000/groups/2/'}r=requests.post(self.base_url+'/',data=form_data,auth=self.auth)result=r.json()self.assertEqual(result['username'],'zxw222')# @unittest.skip('skip test_delete_user')def test_delete_user(self):r=requests.delete(self.base_url+'/11/',auth=self.auth)self.assertEqual(r.status_code,204)def test_update_user(self):form_data={'email':'2222@163.com'}r=requests.patch(self.base_url+'/2/',auth=self.auth,data=form_data)result=r.json()self.assertEqual(result['email'],'2222@163.com')def test_user_already_exists(self):form_data = {'username': 'zxw222', 'email': 'zxw668@qq.com', 'groups': 'http://127.0.0.1:8000/groups/2/'}r = requests.post(self.base_url + '/', data=form_data, auth=self.auth)result = r.json()#预期返回值：{"username":["A user with that username already exists."]}self.assertEqual(result['username'][0], 'A user with that username already exists.')def test_no_auth(self):r=requests.get(self.base_url)result=r.json()self.assertEqual(result['detail'],'Authentication credentials were not provided.')class GroupTest(TestCase):def setUp(self):self.base_url='http://127.0.0.1:8000/groups'self.auth=('51zxw','xxxxxx')def test_group_developer(self):r=requests.get(self.base_url+'/3/',auth=self.auth)result=r.json()self.assertEqual(result['name'],'Pm')# @unittest.skip('skip test_add_group')def test_add_group(self):form_data={'name':'Leader'}r=requests.post(self.base_url+'/',auth=self.auth,data=form_data)result=r.json()self.assertEqual(result['name'],'Leader')def test_update_group(self):form_data={'name':'Boss'}r=requests.patch(self.base_url+'/6/',auth=self.auth,data=form_data)result=r.json()self.assertEqual(result['name'],'Boss')def test_detele_group(self):r=requests.delete(self.base_url+'/6/',auth=self.auth)self.assertEqual(r.status_code,204)

运行方式：打开cmd使用如下命令来运行即可：

D:\django_restful>python manage.py test

上面命令是默认测试全部的用例，如果想测试部分用例则可以使用如下命令：

测试指定的测试类

D:\django_restful>python manage.py test api.tests.UserTest

测试具体的某一条具体用例

D:\django_restful>python manage.py test api.tests.UserTest.test_get_user

报错相关

1.迁移数据库时没有权限写入

File "C:\Users\jli75\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\MySQLdb\connections.py", line 280, in query_mysql.connection.query(self, query)
django.db.utils.InternalError: (7, "Error on rename of '.\\httprunnermanager\\#sql-1178_7.frm' to '.\\httprunnermanager\\djcelery_taskstate.frm' (Errcode: 13 - Permission denied)")

原因：可能是杀毒软件通过阻止修改frm文件来解决此问题。通过在杀毒软件威胁防护高级选项中禁用按访问扫描，并杀毒软件设置为忽略这些扩展名来解决此问题

迁移数据库时没有清除之前的迁移文件migrations

  File "C:\Users\jli75\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\lib\site-packages\MySQLdb\connections.py", line 280, in query_mysql.connection.query(self, query)
_mysql_exceptions.OperationalError: (1050, "Table 'djcelery_crontabschedule' already exists")

解决方案：删除migrations文件夹即可。

setting配置错误

raise MigrationSchemaMissing("Unable to create the django_migrations table (%s)" % exc)
django.db.migrations.exceptions.MigrationSchemaMissing: Unable to create the django_migrations table ((1064, "You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near '(6) NOT NULL)' at line 1"))

解决方案：Django2.1不再支持MySQL5.5，必须5.6版本以上可以使用如下命令查看当前Mysql版本

mysql -V
mysql  Ver 8.0.1-dmr for Win64 on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server (GPL))