结构
大多数的科技论文都聚焦于简单地说明,做了什么,发现了什么?虽然这个可以帮助你写出一篇研究型论文当中的核心的东西(方法论和结果),但是不能完全把引言的部分完成。在这篇文章当中,将展示研究型论文当中的结构,可以更清楚地看出每个部分之间的联系,并展示信息描述的逻辑。
在写引言前需要思考的问题?
可能很多人一开始就描述你要解决的问题或者开展工作的目的,但这不是一个标准引言的开头也并不是一个很好的写作方式。为了帮助大家更好地写引言,可以从思考以下三个问题开始:
- 通常的引言是如何展开的?
- 在我的引言当中,什么类型的信息要写?应该按照什么顺序?
- 通常的作者是如何结束引言的?
简而言之,就是问自己:start? what? order? end? 这四个问题。
文章的结构?
一篇论文的结构是“浅-深-浅”,这样一个分布的。首先可以注意到的是,这个架构是对称的,所以,在引言当中需要做的事情,实际上是和结论相反的。例如说,你需要首先写一个关于背景上开放性的句子,可以让你的读者“进入”到你的故事当中,或者开始你的主题。当然,在结尾处,你需要让读者能够“走出”故事,这个走出的方式,应该是能够让他们找到一种可行的方式,走出文章或者主题。
另外,再这个结构当中,中间的研究部分,是变窄的,也就是更加深入,并且之后再扩宽。这个表现了在引言和结论部分的信息排序的方式:在引言部分,你需要广泛地讨论,随后逐渐进入你的关注点,在结论中反之亦然。简单说就是:general->narrow->focus。
读下面一段引言,不要在乎你是否了解这个研究课题,或者能不能理解一些单词,尤其是一些专业词汇。只要能够看个大概并且熟悉这个表达地方式。
The synthesis of flexible polymer blends from polyctide and rubber
Introduction
- Polylactide (PLA) has received much attention in recent years due to its biodegradable properties, which offer important economic benefits. (广泛地讨论某个话题)
- PLA is polymer obtained from corn and is produced by the polymerisation of lactide. (介绍,PLA)
- It has many possible uses in the biomedical field and has also been investigated as a potential engineering field and has also been investigated as a potential engineering material. (PLA的应用)
- However, it has been found to be too weak under impact to be used commercially. (PLA存在的问题)
- On way to toughen polymers is to incorporate a layer of rubber particles and there has been extensive research regarding the rubber modification of PLA. (相关工作,可能的解决办法1)
- For example, Penney et al. showed that PLA composites could be prepared using blending techniques and more recently, Hillier established the toughness of such composites. (相关工作举例)
- However, although the effect of the rubber particles on the mechanical properties of copolymer systems was demonstrated over two years ago, little attention has been paid to the selection of an appropriate rubber component. (找到痛点)
- The present paper presents a set of criteria for selecting such a component. (痛点方面的研究)
- On the basis of these criteria it then describes the preparation of a set of polymer blends using PLA and a hydrocarbon rubber (PI).
- This combination of two mechanistically distinct polymerisations formed a novel copolymer in which the incorporation of PI significantly increased flexibility.