业务场景:
手机app端录音,然后上传至后台服务器,前端从后台服务器获取录音,在PC端WEB页面播放。
实际问题:
首先app录音文件默认是m4a格式,而在PC端WEB H5页面,<audio>标签并没有明确写着支持m4a格式,如果app端生成的录音不做相关设置,而用默认设置,在H5上确实是播放不了的。
其实一开始,我没有想太多,也是想着把m4a文件转成mp3给前台用。
在网上查了一番,很多都说用jave-1.0.2.2.jar,然而其实这个包很旧,而且在windows上是可以转,但centos8上不支m4a格式转码,在系统上有兼容性问题。信我,别用它。
然后又在码库里找了比较靠谱的是这个包,这里附个链接: https://github.com/a-schild/jave2,这个包也是基于ffmpeg的,提供了支持win64、osx64、linux64的依赖,建义在maven打包时,根据开发或生产环境的不同,打包时引用相应环境的依赖。
下面附上我的m4a转mp3的java代码:
pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><groupId>com</groupId><artifactId>test</artifactId><version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version><packaging>pom</packaging><properties> <jave.version>2.7.1</jave.version></properties><dependencyManagement><dependencies> <!--录音转换,jave-all-deps 包涵了所有平台的依赖,由于打包太大,建议打包时选指定的依赖--><!--<dependency>--><!--<groupId>ws.schild</groupId>--><!--<artifactId>jave-all-deps</artifactId>--><!--<version>${jave.version}</version>--><!--</dependency>--><!--录音转换,指定平台依赖,jave-core必需指定--><dependency><groupId>it.sauronsoftware</groupId><artifactId>jave</artifactId><groupId>ws.schild</groupId><artifactId>jave-core</artifactId><version>${jave.version}</version></dependency></dependencies></dependencyManagement><!--激活profile配置,用来切换不同环境的配置--><profiles><profile><id>dev</id><properties><profiles.actives>dev</profiles.actives></properties><activation><activeByDefault>true</activeByDefault><activeByDefault>false</activeByDefault></activation><dependencies><dependency><groupId>ws.schild</groupId><artifactId>jave-nativebin-linux64</artifactId><version>${jave.version}</version></dependency></dependencies></profile><profile><id>pro</id><properties><profiles.actives>pro</profiles.actives></properties><activation><activeByDefault>false</activeByDefault></activation><dependencies><dependency><groupId>ws.schild</groupId><artifactId>jave-nativebin-linux64</artifactId><version>${jave.version}</version></dependency></dependencies></profile><profile><id>test</id><properties><profiles.actives>test</profiles.actives></properties><activation><activeByDefault>true</activeByDefault></activation><dependencies><dependency><groupId>ws.schild</groupId><artifactId>jave-nativebin-win64</artifactId><version>${jave.version}</version></dependency></dependencies></profile></profiles></project>
录音文件转换代码:
package com.utils;import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import com.qirui.framework.common.base.syslog.SysLog;
import com.qirui.framework.common.base.syslog.SysLogAnnotation;
import com.qirui.framework.common.base.syslog.SysLogPrint;
import com.qirui.framework.common.utils.RequestUtil;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import ws.schild.jave.*;import java.io.BufferedOutputStream;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;/*** @ClassName AudioTransUtil* @Description 录音转换* @Author admin* @Version 1.0.0**/
@Component
public class AudioTransUtil {static {// 项目是springboot jar包, jar包内的代码要读取外面文件夹的文件,需要处理一下读取路径,// 这里是把录音源文件和转换文件放在springboot jar包的同级文件夹下String path = AudioTransUtil.class.getProtectionDomain().getCodeSource().getLocation().getPath();if(path.contains("jar")){//file:/F:/ideaWorkspace/test/smp-admin/framework-client/target/framework-client-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar!/BOOT-INF/lib/framework-service-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar!///去掉 "file:"path = path.substring(path.indexOf("/"), path.length());}if(System.getProperty("os.name").contains("dows")) {path = path.substring(1, path.length());//widonws的jar包if(path.contains("jar")){path = path.substring(0, path.indexOf(".jar"));rootPath = path.substring(0, path.lastIndexOf("/"));}else{rootPath = path.replace("/target/classes/", "");}}else if(System.getProperty("os.name").contains("Mac")){rootPath = path.replace("/target/classes/", "");}else {path = path.substring(0, path.indexOf(".jar"));rootPath = path.substring(0, path.lastIndexOf("/"));}}protected static final String rootPath;/***目录路径*/private static final StringBuilder dirPathStr = new StringBuilder(rootPath).append("/temp/audio/");private static final String MP3 = "mp3";@SysLogAnnotation(descript = "录音转换格式")public String trans2Mp3(byte[] sourceAudioBytes, String sourceAudioName){//文件路径String soureAudioFilePathStr = new StringBuilder(dirPathStr).append(sourceAudioName).toString();String sourceAudioType = sourceAudioName.substring(sourceAudioName.indexOf(".")+1);String targetAudioFilePathStr = new StringBuilder(soureAudioFilePathStr).toString().replace(sourceAudioType, MP3);BufferedOutputStream bos = null;FileOutputStream fos = null;try{File dir = new File(dirPathStr.toString());if(!dir.exists()){dir.mkdirs();}File sourceAudioFile = new File(soureAudioFilePathStr);fos = new FileOutputStream(sourceAudioFile);bos = new BufferedOutputStream(fos);bos.write(sourceAudioBytes);File targetAudioFile = new File(targetAudioFilePathStr);AudioAttributes audioAttributes = new AudioAttributes();audioAttributes.setCodec("libmp3lame");audioAttributes.setBitRate(new Integer(32000));
// audioAttributes.setChannels(new Integer(2));
// audioAttributes.setSamplingRate(new Integer(22050));EncodingAttributes attrs = new EncodingAttributes();attrs.setFormat("mp3");attrs.setAudioAttributes(audioAttributes);Encoder encoder = new Encoder();//在有需要时添加,可根据不同系统环境,查看支持处理的文件格式System.out.println("encoder.getVideoDecoders():" + JSON.toJSON(encoder.getVideoDecoders()).toString());System.out.println("encoder.getSupportedDecodingFormats():" + JSON.toJSON(encoder.getSupportedDecodingFormats()).toString());MyJaveListener myJaveListener = new MyJaveListener();encoder.encode(new MultimediaObject(sourceAudioFile), targetAudioFile, attrs, myJaveListener);}catch (Exception e){e.printStackTrace();}finally {try {if(null != bos){bos.close();}if(null != fos){fos.close();}} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}SysLog sysLog = new SysLog();sysLog.setLogId(RequestUtil.getAccessLogId());sysLog.setParams(targetAudioFilePathStr);sysLog.setDescript("录音转换路径");SysLogPrint.printSysLogBody(sysLog);return targetAudioFilePathStr;}// 删除本地临时录音public void deleteTempAudio(String fileName){//文件路径String fileNameTemp = fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf("/")+1, fileName.length());String soureAudioFilePathStr = new StringBuilder(dirPathStr).append(fileNameTemp).toString();String sourceAudioType = fileName.substring(fileName.indexOf(".")+1);String targetAudioFilePathStr = new StringBuilder(soureAudioFilePathStr).toString().replace(sourceAudioType, MP3);File file = new File(soureAudioFilePathStr);file.delete();file = new File(targetAudioFilePathStr);file.delete();}/*** 录音转码处理监听器,可监听文件处理结果,对于错误信息很有用*/private class MyJaveListener implements EncoderProgressListener {@Overridepublic void sourceInfo(MultimediaInfo multimediaInfo) {System.out.println("MyListener.sourceInfo:" + JSON.toJSON(multimediaInfo).toString());}@Overridepublic void progress(int i) {System.out.println("MyListener.progress:" + i);}@Overridepublic void message(String s) {System.out.println("MyListener.message:" + s);}}
}
上面的代码,在centos8环境是可以正常转换的,开一始,我的生产环境也用了这份。
后来,我去找了m4a和mp3、mp4的区别,发现 mp4是使用了MPEG-4进行封装的AAC编码,而M4A的本质和音频MP4相同,它是区别纯音频MP4文件和包含视频的MP4文件而由苹果(Apple)公司使用的扩展名。
那么疑问来了,竟然m4a和mp4的本质相同,那么竟然浏览器H5可以播放mp4,为什么m4a不行,原因在音频的编码上,AAC编码是解决问题的关键。
下面附上安卓内部输出录音代码中的几个关键截图:
默认如果不设置,AudioEncoder是0,0并不是AAC编码,我们需要在输出格式上设置MPEG_4,并把编码格式设置成AAC,
如第三图中所示:
setOutPutFormat(MediaRecorder.OutputFormat.MPEG_4)
setAudioEncoder(MediaRecorder.AudioEncoder.AAC)
这样,生成的m4a录音文件,就可以直接在浏览器H5页面中播放了,完全不需要后台,在整个程序个不仅少了代码的转码时间,本身m4a文件也很小。
如有帮助,请不吝打赏,谢谢。