MySql性能优化之JOIN连接(有图，最全，最详细)

news/2024/12/5 8:32:56/

1.示例数据

创建数据库，然后用下面的sql语句创建对应的两个表

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `department`;
CREATE TABLE `department` (`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,`deptName` varchar(30) DEFAULT NULL,`address` varchar(40) DEFAULT NULL,PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=6 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;INSERT INTO `department` VALUES ('1', '研发部(RD)', '2层');
INSERT INTO `department` VALUES ('2', '人事部(HR)', '3层');
INSERT INTO `department` VALUES ('3', '市场部(MK)', '4层');
INSERT INTO `department` VALUES ('4', '后勤部(MIS)', '5层');
INSERT INTO `department` VALUES ('5', '财务部(FD)', '6层');


DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `employee`;
CREATE TABLE `employee` (`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,`name` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,`dep_id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,`age` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,`salary` decimal(10,2) DEFAULT NULL,`cus_id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=109 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;INSERT INTO `employee` VALUES ('1', '鲁班', '1', '10', '1000.00', '1');
INSERT INTO `employee` VALUES ('2', '后裔', '1', '20', '2000.00', '1');
INSERT INTO `employee` VALUES ('3', '孙尚香', '1', '20', '2500.00', '1');
INSERT INTO `employee` VALUES ('4', '凯', '4', '20', '3000.00', '1');
INSERT INTO `employee` VALUES ('5', '典韦', '4', '40', '3500.00', '2');
INSERT INTO `employee` VALUES ('6', '貂蝉', '6', '20', '5000.00', '1');
INSERT INTO `employee` VALUES ('7', '孙膑', '6', '50', '5000.00', '1');
INSERT INTO `employee` VALUES ('8', '蔡文姬', '30', '35', '4000.00', '1');

2.内连接

图解：

关键词：INNER JOIN ON

语句：select * from employee e INNER JOIN department d ON e.dep_id = d.id;

执行结果：

3.外连接

左连接

图解：

关键词：LEFT JOIN ON

语句：select * from employee e LEFT JOIN department d ON e.dep_id = d.id;

执行结果：

右连接

图解：

关键词：RIGHT JOIN ON

语句：select * from employee e RIGHT JOIN department d ON e.dep_id = d.id;

执行结果：

4.全连接

图解：

关键词：FULL OUTTER JOIN ON

语句：select * from employee e FULL OUTTER JOIN department d ON e.dep_id = d.id （这条语句在MySQL下无法执行）

用左右连接实现全连接：

select * from employee e LEFT JOIN department d ON e.dep_id = d.id
UNION
select * from employee e RIGHT JOIN department d ON e.dep_id = d.id;

执行结果：

5.查询左表独有的数据

图解：

关键词：LEFT JOIN ON WHERE

语句：select * from employee e LEFT JOIN department d ON e.dep_id = d.id WHERE d.id is null;

6.查询右表独有的数据

图解：

关键词：RIGHT JOIN ON WHERE

语句：select * from employee e LEFT JOIN department d ON e.dep_id = d.id WHERE e.dep_id is null;

7.查询左右表各自的独有的数据

图解：

关键词：LEFT JOIN ON WHERE

UNION

RIGHT JOIN ON WHERE

语句：SELECT * from employee e LEFT JOIN department d on e.depart_id = d.id WHERE d.id is NULL
UNION
SELECT * from employee e RIGHT JOIN department d on e.depart_id = d.id WHERE e.depart_id is NULL;

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