LaTeX数学符号表
本文来源:http://www.mohu.org/info/lshort-cn.pdf 的50-56页。
下面的表格中将给出在数学模式中常用的所有符号。使用表 1.12–1.16所列出的符号,必须事先安装 AMS 数学字库并且在文档的导言区加载宏包: amssymb。如果你的系统中没有安装 AMS 宏包和数学字库,可去下述地址下载:CTAN:/tex-archive/macros/latex/required/amslatex 。
如果你的md编辑器显示错误,这里 可以正常显示。
在线公式编辑网站:https://latex.codecogs.com/eqneditor/editor.php
1.1 数学模式重音符
a ^ \hat{a} a^ a ˇ \check{a} aˇ a ~ \tilde{a} a~ a ˊ \acute{a} aˊ a ˋ \grave{a} aˋ a ˙ \dot{a} a˙ a ¨ \ddot{a} a¨ a ˘ \breve{a} a˘ a ˉ \bar{a} aˉ a ⃗ \vec{a} a A ^ \widehat{A} A A ~ \widetilde{A} A
% CSDN代码块中没看见latex,所以没有高亮色彩啥的,将就着看吧。
\hat{a} \check{a} \tilde{a} \acute{a} \grave{a} \dot{a}
\ddot{a} \breve{a} \bar{a} \vec{a} \widehat{A} \widetilde{A}
第1列 | 第2列 | 第3列 | 第4列 |
---|---|---|---|
a ^ \hat{a} a^ \hat{a} | a ˇ \check{a} aˇ \check{a} | a ~ \tilde{a} a~ \tilde{a} | a ˊ \acute{a} aˊ \acute{a} |
a ˋ \grave{a} aˋ \grave{a} | a ˙ \dot{a} a˙ \dot{a} | a ¨ \ddot{a} a¨ \ddot{a} | a ˘ \breve{a} a˘ \breve{a} |
a ˉ \bar{a} aˉ \bar{a} | a ⃗ \vec{a} a \vec{a} | A ^ \widehat{A} A \widehat{A} | A ~ \widetilde{A} A \widetilde{A} |
1.2 小写希腊字母
α \alpha α θ \theta θ o o o υ \upsilon υ β \beta β ϑ \vartheta ϑ π \pi π ϕ \phi ϕ γ \gamma γ ι \iota ι ϖ \varpi ϖ φ \varphi φ δ \delta δ κ \kappa κ ρ \rho ρ χ \chi χ ϵ \epsilon ϵ λ \lambda λ ϱ \varrho ϱ ψ \psi ψ ε \varepsilon ε μ \mu μ σ \sigma σ ω \omega ω ζ \zeta ζ ν \nu ν ς \varsigma ς η \eta η ξ \xi ξ τ \tau τ
\alpha \theta o \upsilon \beta \vartheta \pi \phi \gamma
\iota \varpi \varphi \delta \kappa \rho \chi \epsilon \lambda
\varrho \psi \varepsilon \mu \sigma \omega
\zeta \nu \varsigma \eta \xi \tau
第1列 | 第2列 | 第3列 | 第4列 |
---|---|---|---|
α \alpha α \alpha | θ \theta θ \theta | o o o o | υ \upsilon υ \upsilon |
β \beta β \beta | ϑ \vartheta ϑ \vartheta | π \pi π \pi | ϕ \phi ϕ \phi |
γ \gamma γ \gamma | ι \iota ι \iota | ϖ \varpi ϖ \varpi | φ \varphi φ \varphi |
δ \delta δ \delta | κ \kappa κ \kappa | ρ \rho ρ \rho | χ \chi χ \chi |
ϵ \epsilon ϵ \epsilon | λ \lambda λ \lambda | ϱ \varrho ϱ \varrho | ψ \psi ψ \psi |
ε \varepsilon ε \varepsilon | μ \mu μ \mu | σ \sigma σ \sigma | ω \omega ω \omega |
ζ \zeta ζ \zeta | ν \nu ν \nu | ς \varsigma ς \varsigma | |
η \eta η \eta | ξ \xi ξ \xi | τ \tau τ \tau |
1.3 大写希腊字母
Γ \Gamma Γ Λ \Lambda Λ Σ \Sigma Σ Ψ \Psi Ψ Δ \Delta Δ Ξ \Xi Ξ Υ \Upsilon Υ Ω \Omega Ω Θ \Theta Θ Π \Pi Π Φ \Phi Φ
\Gamma \Lambda \Sigma \Psi \Delta \Xi \Upsilon \Omega \Theta \Pi \Phi
第1列 | 第2列 | 第3列 | 第4列 |
---|---|---|---|
Γ \Gamma Γ \Gamma | Λ \Lambda Λ \Lambda | Σ \Sigma Σ \Sigma | Ψ \Psi Ψ \Psi |
Δ \Delta Δ \Delta | Ξ \Xi Ξ \Xi | Υ \Upsilon Υ \Upsilon | Ω \Omega Ω \Omega |
Θ \Theta Θ \Theta | Π \Pi Π \Pi | Φ \Phi Φ \Phi |
1.4 二元关系符
你可以在下述命令的前面加上 \not 来得到其否定形式。
< < < > > > = = = ≤ \leq ≤ ≥ \geq ≥ ≡ \equiv ≡ ≪ \ll ≪ ≫ \gg ≫ ≐ \doteq ≐ ≺ \prec ≺ ≻ \succ ≻ ∼ \sim ∼ ⪯ \preceq ⪯ ⪰ \succeq ⪰ ≃ \simeq ≃ ⊂ \subset ⊂ ⊃ \supset ⊃ ≈ \approx ≈ ⊆ \subseteq ⊆ ⊇ \supseteq ⊇ ≅ \cong ≅ ⊏ \sqsubset ⊏ ⊐ \sqsupset ⊐ ⋈ \Join ⋈ ⊑ \sqsubseteq ⊑ ⊒ \sqsupseteq ⊒ ⋈ \bowtie ⋈ ∈ \in ∈ ∋ \ni ∋ ∝ \propto ∝ ⊢ \vdash ⊢ ⊣ \dashv ⊣ ⊨ \models ⊨ ∣ \mid ∣ ∥ \parallel ∥ ⊥ \perp ⊥ ⌣ \smile ⌣ ⌢ \frown ⌢ ≍ \asymp ≍ : : : ∉ \notin ∈/ ≠ \neq =
< > = \le \ge \equiv \ll \gg \doteq \prec \succ \sim \preceq
\succeq \simeq \subset \supset \approx \subseteq \supseteq
\cong \sqsubset \sqsupset \Join \sqsubseteq \sqsupseteq
\bowtie \in \owns \propto \vdash \dashv \models
\mid \parallel \perp \smile \frown \asymp : \notin \ne
第1列 | 第2列 | 第3列 |
---|---|---|
< < < < | > > > > | = = = = |
≤ \le ≤ \leq or \le | ≥ \ge ≥ \geq or \ge | ≡ \equiv ≡ \equiv |
≪ \ll ≪ \ll | ≫ \gg ≫ \gg | ≐ \doteq ≐ \doteq |
≺ \prec ≺ \prec | ≻ \succ ≻ \succ | ∼ \sim ∼ \sim |
⪯ \preceq ⪯ \preceq | ⪰ \succeq ⪰ \succeq | ≃ \simeq ≃ \simeq |
⊂ \subset ⊂ \subset | ⊃ \supset ⊃ \supset | ≈ \approx ≈ \approx |
⊆ \subseteq ⊆ \subseteq | ⊇ \supseteq ⊇ \supseteq | ≅ \cong ≅ \cong |
⊏ \sqsubset ⊏ \sqsubset | ⊐ \sqsupset ⊐ \sqsupset | ⋈ \Join ⋈ \Join |
⊑ \sqsubseteq ⊑ \sqsubseteq | ⊒ \sqsupseteq ⊒ \sqsupseteq | ⋈ \bowtie ⋈ \bowtie |
∈ \in ∈ \in | ∋ \owns ∋ \ni or \owns | ∝ \propto ∝ \propto |
⊢ \vdash ⊢ \vdash | ⊣ \dashv ⊣ \dashv | ⊨ \models ⊨ \models |
∣ \mid ∣ \mid | ∥ \parallel ∥ \parallel | ⊥ \perp ⊥ \perp |
⌣ \smile ⌣ \smile | ⌢ \frown ⌢ \frown | ≍ \asymp ≍ \asymp |
: : : : | ∉ \notin ∈/ \notin | ≠ \neq = \neq or \ne |
1.5 二元运算符
+ + + − - − ± \pm ± ∓ \mp ∓ ◃ \triangleleft ◃ ⋅ \cdot ⋅ ÷ \div ÷ ▹ \triangleright ▹ × \times × ∖ \setminus ∖ ⋆ \star ⋆ ∪ \cup ∪ ∩ \cap ∩ ∗ \ast ∗ ⊔ \sqcup ⊔ ⊓ \sqcap ⊓ ∘ \circ ∘ ∨ \vee ∨ ∧ \wedge ∧ ∙ \bullet ∙ ⊕ \oplus ⊕ ⊖ \ominus ⊖ ⋄ \diamond ⋄ ⊙ \odot ⊙ ⊘ \oslash ⊘ ⊎ \uplus ⊎ ⊗ \otimes ⊗ ◯ \bigcirc ◯ ⨿ \amalg ⨿ △ \bigtriangleup △ ▽ \bigtriangledown ▽ † \dagger † ⊲ \lhd ⊲ ⊳ \rhd ⊳ ‡ \ddagger ‡ ⊴ \unlhd ⊴ ⊵ \unrhd ⊵ ≀ \wr ≀
\+ \- \pm \mp \triangleleft \cdot \div \triangleright \times
\setminus \star \cup \cap \ast \sqcup \sqcap \circ \lor
\wedge \bullet \oplus \ominus \diamond \odot
\oslash \uplus \otimes \bigcirc \amalg \bigtriangleup
\bigtriangledown \dagger \lhd \rhd \ddagger \unlhd \unrhd \wr
第1列 | 第2列 | 第3列 |
---|---|---|
+ + + + | − - − - | |
± \pm ± \pm | ∓ \mp ∓ \mp | ◃ \triangleleft ◃ \triangleleft |
⋅ \cdot ⋅ \cdot | ÷ \div ÷ \div | ▹ \triangleright ▹ \triangleright |
× \times × \times | ∖ \setminus ∖ \setminus | ⋆ \star ⋆ \star |
∪ \cup ∪ \cup | ∩ \cap ∩ \cap | ∗ \ast ∗ \ast |
⊔ \sqcup ⊔ \sqcup | ⊓ \sqcap ⊓ \sqcap | ∘ \circ ∘ \circ |
∨ \vee ∨ \vee or \lor | ∧ \wedge ∧ \wedge or \land | ∙ \bullet ∙ \bullet |
⊕ \oplus ⊕ \oplus | ⊖ \ominus ⊖ \ominus | ⋄ \diamond ⋄ \diamond |
⊙ \odot ⊙ \odot | ⊘ \oslash ⊘ \oslash | ⊎ \uplus ⊎ \uplus |
⊗ \otimes ⊗ \otimes | ◯ \bigcirc ◯ \bigcirc | ⨿ \amalg ⨿ \amalg |
△ \bigtriangleup △ \bigtriangleup | ▽ \bigtriangledown ▽ \bigtriangledown | † \dagger † \dagger |
⊲ \lhd ⊲ \lhd | ⊳ \rhd ⊳ \rhd | ‡ \ddagger ‡ \ddagger |
⊴ \unlhd ⊴ \unlhd | ⊵ \unrhd ⊵ \unrhd | ≀ \wr ≀ \wr |
1.6 大尺寸运算符
∑ \sum ∑ ⋃ \bigcup ⋃ ⋁ \bigvee ⋁ ⨁ \bigoplus ⨁ ∏ \prod ∏ ⋂ \bigcap ⋂ ⋀ \bigwedge ⋀ ⨂ \bigotimes ⨂ ∐ \coprod ∐ ⨆ \bigsqcup ⨆ ⨀ \bigodot ⨀ ∫ \int ∫ ∮ \oint ∮ ⨄ \biguplus ⨄
\sum \bigcup \bigvee \bigoplus \prod \bigcap \bigwedge
\bigotimes \coprod \bigsqcup \bigodot \int \oint \biguplus
第1列 | 第2列 | 第3列 | 第4列 |
---|---|---|---|
∑ \sum ∑ \sum | ⋃ \bigcup ⋃ \bigcup | ⋁ \bigvee ⋁ \bigvee | ⨁ \bigoplus ⨁ \bigoplus |
∏ \prod ∏ \prod | ⋂ \bigcap ⋂ \bigcap | ⋀ \bigwedge ⋀ \bigwedge | ⨂ \bigotimes ⨂ \bigotimes |
∐ \coprod ∐ \coprod | ⨆ \bigsqcup ⨆ \bigsqcup | ⨀ \bigodot ⨀ \bigodot | |
∫ \int ∫ \int | ∮ \oint ∮ \oint | ⨄ \biguplus ⨄ \biguplus |
1.7 箭头
← \gets ← ⟵ \longleftarrow ⟵ ↑ \uparrow ↑ → \to → ⟶ \longrightarrow ⟶ ↓ \downarrow ↓ ↔ \leftrightarrow ↔ ⟷ \longleftrightarrow ⟷ ↕ \updownarrow ↕ ⇐ \Leftarrow ⇐ ⟸ \Longleftarrow ⟸ ⇑ \Uparrow ⇑ ⇒ \Rightarrow ⇒ ⟹ \Longrightarrow ⟹ ⇓ \Downarrow ⇓ ⇔ \Leftrightarrow ⇔ ⟺ \Longleftrightarrow ⟺ ⇕ \Updownarrow ⇕ ↦ \mapsto ↦ ⟼ \longmapsto ⟼ ↗ \nearrow ↗ ↩ \hookleftarrow ↩ ↪ \hookrightarrow ↪ ↘ \searrow ↘ ↼ \leftharpoonup ↼ ⇀ \rightharpoonup ⇀ ↙ \swarrow ↙ ↽ \leftharpoondown ↽ ⇁ \rightharpoondown ⇁ ↖ \nwarrow ↖ ⇌ \rightleftharpoons ⇌ ⟺ \iff ⟺ ⇝ \leadsto ⇝
\leftarrow \longleftarrow \uparrow \rightarrow \longrightarrow \downarrow
\leftrightarrow \longleftrightarrow \updownarrow \Leftarrow \Longleftarrow
\Uparrow \Rightarrow \Longrightarrow \Downarrow \Leftrightarrow
\Longleftrightarrow \Updownarrow \mapsto \longmapsto \nearrow
\hookleftarrow \hookrightarrow \searrow \leftharpoonup
\rightharpoonup \swarrow \leftharpoondown
\rightharpoondown \nwarrow \rightleftharpoons \iff \leadsto
第1列 | 第2列 | 第3列 |
---|---|---|
← \leftarrow ← \leftarrow or \gets | ⟵ \longleftarrow ⟵ \longleftarrow | ↑ \uparrow ↑ \uparrow |
→ \rightarrow → \rightarrow or \to | ⟶ \longrightarrow ⟶ \longrightarrow | ↓ \downarrow ↓ \downarrow |
↔ \leftrightarrow ↔ \leftrightarrow | ⟷ \longleftrightarrow ⟷ \longleftrightarrow | ↕ \updownarrow ↕ \updownarrow |
⇐ \Leftarrow ⇐ \Leftarrow | ⟸ \Longleftarrow ⟸ \Longleftarrow | ⇑ \Uparrow ⇑ \Uparrow |
⇒ \Rightarrow ⇒ \Rightarrow | ⟹ \Longrightarrow ⟹ \Longrightarrow | ⇓ \Downarrow ⇓ \Downarrow |
⇔ \Leftrightarrow ⇔ \Leftrightarrow | ⟺ \Longleftrightarrow ⟺ \Longleftrightarrow | ⇕ \Updownarrow ⇕ \Updownarrow |
↦ \mapsto ↦ \mapsto | ⟼ \longmapsto ⟼ \longmapsto | ↗ \nearrow ↗ \nearrow |
↩ \hookleftarrow ↩ \hookleftarrow | ↪ \hookrightarrow ↪ \hookrightarrow | ↘ \searrow ↘ \searrow |
↼ \leftharpoonup ↼ \leftharpoonup | ⇀ \rightharpoonup ⇀ \rightharpoonup | ↙ \swarrow ↙ \swarrow |
↽ \leftharpoondown ↽ \leftharpoondown | ⇁ \rightharpoondown ⇁ \rightharpoondown | ↖ \nwarrow ↖ \nwarrow |
⇌ \rightleftharpoons ⇌ \rightleftharpoons | ⟺ \iff ⟺ \iff | ⇝ \leadsto ⇝ \leadsto |
1.8 定界符
( ( ( ) ) ) ↑ \uparrow ↑ ⇑ \Uparrow ⇑ [ \lbrack [ ] \rbrack ] ↓ \downarrow ↓ ⇓ \Downarrow ⇓ { \lbrace { } \rbrace } ↕ \updownarrow ↕ ⇕ \Updownarrow ⇕ ⟨ \langle ⟨ ⟩ \rangle ⟩ ∣ \vert ∣ ∥ \Vert ∥ ⌊ \lfloor ⌊ ⌋ \rfloor ⌋ ⌈ \lceil ⌈ ⌉ \rceil ⌉ / / / \ \backslash \ ~
( ) \uparrow \Uparrow [ ] \downarrow \Downarrow \{ \}
\updownarrow \Updownarrow \langle \rangle \vert
\Vert \lfloor \rfloor \lceil \rceil / \backslash ~
最后一个符号(dual. empty)不知道是啥。
( ( ( ( | ) ) ) ) | ↑ \uparrow ↑ \uparrow | ⇑ \Uparrow ⇑ \Uparrow |
---|---|---|---|
[ [ [ [ or \lbrack | ] ] ] ] or \rbrack | ↓ \downarrow ↓ \downarrow | ⇓ \Downarrow ⇓ \Downarrow |
{ \{ { { or \lbrace | } \} } } or \rbrace | ↕ \updownarrow ↕ \updownarrow | ⇕ \Updownarrow ⇕ \Updownarrow |
⟨ \langle ⟨ \langle | ⟩ \rangle ⟩ \rangle | $ | $ | or \vert |
⌊ \lfloor ⌊ \lfloor | ⌋ \rfloor ⌋ \rfloor | ⌈ \lceil ⌈ \lceil | ⌉ \rceil ⌉ \rceil |
/ / / / | \ \backslash \ \backslash | ~ ~(不知道是啥) |
1.9 大尺寸定界符
CSDN显示错误,出现报错信息,不过 jupter notebook 和 Typora 能正确显示。
⟮ \lgroup ⟮ ⟯ \rgroup ⟯ ⎰ \lmoustache ⎰ ⎱ \rmoustache ⎱ KaTeX parse error: Undefined control sequence: \Arrowvert at position 1: \̲A̲r̲r̲o̲w̲v̲e̲r̲t̲ KaTeX parse error: Undefined control sequence: \Arrowvert at position 1: \̲A̲r̲r̲o̲w̲v̲e̲r̲t̲ KaTeX parse error: Undefined control sequence: \bracevert at position 1: \̲b̲r̲a̲c̲e̲v̲e̲r̲t̲
\lgroup \rgroup \lmoustache \rmoustache \Arrowvert \Arrowvert \bracevert
第1列 | 第2列 | 第3列 | 第4列 |
---|---|---|---|
⟮ \lgroup ⟮ \lgroup | ⟯ \rgroup ⟯ \rgroup | ⎰ \lmoustache ⎰ \lmoustache | ⎱ \rmoustache ⎱ \rmoustache |
KaTeX parse error: Undefined control sequence: \Arrowvert at position 1: \̲A̲r̲r̲o̲w̲v̲e̲r̲t̲ \Arrowvert | KaTeX parse error: Undefined control sequence: \Arrowvert at position 1: \̲A̲r̲r̲o̲w̲v̲e̲r̲t̲ \Arrowvert | KaTeX parse error: Undefined control sequence: \bracevert at position 1: \̲b̲r̲a̲c̲e̲v̲e̲r̲t̲ \bracevert |
1.10 其它符号
… \dots … ⋯ \cdots ⋯ ⋮ \vdots ⋮ ⋱ \ddots ⋱ ℏ \hbar ℏ ı \imath ı ȷ \jmath ȷ ℓ \ell ℓ ℜ \Re ℜ ℑ \Im ℑ ℵ \aleph ℵ ℘ \wp ℘ ∀ \forall ∀ ∃ \exists ∃ ℧ \mho ℧ ∂ \partial ∂ ′ ' ′ ′ \prime ′ ∅ \emptyset ∅ ∞ \infty ∞ ∇ \nabla ∇ △ \triangle △ □ \Box □ ◊ \Diamond ◊ ⊥ \bot ⊥ ⊤ \top ⊤ ∠ \angle ∠ √ \surd √ ♢ \diamondsuit ♢ ♡ \heartsuit ♡ ♣ \clubsuit ♣ ♠ \spadesuit ♠ ¬ \neg ¬ ♭ \flat ♭ ♮ \natural ♮ ♯ \sharp ♯
\dots \cdots \vdots \ddots \hbar \imath \jmath \ell \Re \Im \aleph
\wp \forall \exists \mho \partial ' \prime \emptyset \infty \nabla
\triangle \Box \Diamond \bot \top \angle \surd \diamondsuit
\heartsuit \clubsuit \spadesuit \neg \flat \natural \sharp
第1列 | 第2列 | 第3列 | 第4列 |
---|---|---|---|
… \dots … \dots | ⋯ \cdots ⋯ \cdots | ⋮ \vdots ⋮ \vdots | ⋱ \ddots ⋱ \ddots |
ℏ \hbar ℏ \hbar | ı \imath ı \imath | ȷ \jmath ȷ \jmath | ℓ \ell ℓ \ell |
ℜ \Re ℜ \Re | ℑ \Im ℑ \Im | ℵ \aleph ℵ \aleph | ℘ \wp ℘ \wp |
∀ \forall ∀ \forall | ∃ \exists ∃ \exists | ℧ \mho ℧ \mho | ∂ \partial ∂ \partial |
′ ' ′ ’ | ′ \prime ′ \prime | ∅ \emptyset ∅ \emptyset | ∞ \infty ∞ \infty |
∇ \nabla ∇ \nabla | △ \triangle △ \triangle | □ \Box □ \Box | ◊ \Diamond ◊ \Diamond |
⊥ \bot ⊥ \bot | ⊤ \top ⊤ \top | ∠ \angle ∠ \angle | √ \surd √ \surd |
♢ \diamondsuit ♢ \diamondsuit | ♡ \heartsuit ♡ \heartsuit | ♣ \clubsuit ♣ \clubsuit | ♠ \spadesuit ♠ \spadesuit |
¬ \neg ¬ \neg or \lnot | ♭ \flat ♭ \flat | ♮ \natural ♮ \natural | ♯ \sharp ♯ \sharp |
1.11 非数学符号
这些符号也可以在文本模式中使用。(如果你的md编辑器显示错误,这里 可以正常显示)
† \dag † KaTeX parse error: Undefined control sequence: \S at position 1: \̲S̲ © \copyright c◯ ‡ \ddag ‡ KaTeX parse error: Undefined control sequence: \P at position 1: \̲P̲ £ \pounds £
\dag \S \copyright \ddag \P \pounds
第1列 | 第2列 | 第3列 |
---|---|---|
† \dag † \dag | KaTeX parse error: Undefined control sequence: \S at position 1: \̲S̲ \S | © \copyright c◯ \copyright |
‡ \ddag ‡ \ddag | KaTeX parse error: Undefined control sequence: \P at position 1: \̲P̲ \P | £ \pounds £ \pounds |
1.12 AMS 定界符
┌ \ulcorner ┌ ┐ \urcorner ┐ └ \llcorner └ ┘ \lrcorner ┘ ∣ \lvert ∣ ∣ \rvert ∣ ∥ \lVert ∥ ∥ \rVert ∥
\ulcorner \urcorner \llcorner \lrcorner \lvert \rvert \lVert \rVert
第1列 | 第2列 | 第3列 | 第4列 |
---|---|---|---|
┌ \ulcorner ┌ \ulcorner | ┐ \urcorner ┐ \urcorner | └ \llcorner └ \llcorner | ┘ \lrcorner ┘ \lrcorner |
∣ \lvert ∣ \lvert | ∣ \rvert ∣ \rvert | ∥ \lVert ∥ \lVert | ∥ \rVert ∥ \rVert |
1.13 AMS 希腊和希伯来字母
ϝ \digamma ϝ ϰ \varkappa ϰ ℶ \beth ℶ ℸ \daleth ℸ ℷ \gimel ℷ
\digamma \varkappa \beth \daleth \gimel
第1列 | 第2列 | 第3列 | 第4列 | 第5列 |
---|---|---|---|---|
ϝ \digamma ϝ \digamma | ϰ \varkappa ϰ \varkappa | ℶ \beth ℶ \beth | ℸ \daleth ℸ \daleth | ℷ \gimel ℷ \gimel |
1.14 AMS 二元关系符
⋖ \lessdot ⋖ ⋗ \gtrdot ⋗ ≑ \Doteq ≑ ⩽ \leqslant ⩽ ⩾ \geqslant ⩾ ≓ \risingdotseq ≓ ⪕ \eqslantless ⪕ ⪖ \eqslantgtr ⪖ ≒ \fallingdotseq ≒ ≦ \leqq ≦ ≧ \geqq ≧ ≖ \eqcirc ≖ $\lll $ ⋙ \ggg ⋙ ≗ \circeq ≗ ≲ \lesssim ≲ ≳ \gtrsim ≳ ≜ \triangleq ≜ ⪅ \lessapprox ⪅ ⪆ \gtrapprox ⪆ ≏ \bumpeq ≏ ≶ \lessgtr ≶ ≷ \gtrless ≷ ≎ \Bumpeq ≎ ⋚ \lesseqgtr ⋚ ⋛ \gtreqless ⋛ ∼ \thicksim ∼ ⪋ \lesseqqgtr ⪋ ⪌ \gtreqqless ⪌ ≈ \thickapprox ≈ ≼ \preccurlyeq ≼ ≽ \succcurlyeq ≽ ≊ \approxeq ≊ ⋞ \curlyeqprec ⋞ ⋟ \curlyeqsucc ⋟ ∽ \backsim ∽ ≾ \precsim ≾ ≿ \succsim ≿ ⋍ \backsimeq ⋍ ⪷ \precapprox ⪷ ⪸ \succapprox ⪸ ⊨ \vDash ⊨ ⫅ \subseteqq ⫅ ⫆ \supseteqq ⫆ ⊩ \Vdash ⊩ ⋐ \Subset ⋐ ⋑ \Supset ⋑ ⊪ \Vvdash ⊪ ⊏ \sqsubset ⊏ ⊐ \sqsupset ⊐ ∍ \backepsilon ∍ ∴ \therefore ∴ ∵ \because ∵ ∝ \varpropto ∝ ∣ \shortmid ∣ ∥ \shortparallel ∥ ≬ \between ≬ ⌣ \smallsmile ⌣ ⌢ \smallfrown ⌢ ⋔ \pitchfork ⋔ ⊲ \vartriangleleft ⊲ ⊳ \vartriangleright ⊳ ◀ \blacktriangleleft ◀ ⊴ \trianglelefteq ⊴ ⊵ \trianglerighteq ⊵ ▶ \blacktriangleright ▶
\lessdot \gtrdot \Doteq \leqslant \geqslant \risingdotseq \eqslantless
\eqslantgtr \fallingdotseq \leqq \geqq \eqcirc \llless \gggtr \circeq
\lesssim \gtrsim \triangleq \lessapprox \gtrapprox \bumpeq
\lessgtr \gtrless \Bumpeq \lesseqgtr \gtreqless \thicksim \lesseqqgtr
\gtreqqless \thickapprox \preccurlyeq \succcurlyeq \approxeq
\curlyeqprec \curlyeqsucc \backsim \precsim \succsim \backsimeq
\precapprox \succapprox \vDash \subseteqq \supseteqq \Vdash
\Subset \Supset \Vvdash \sqsubset \sqsupset \backepsilon
\therefore \because \varpropto \shortmid \shortparallel \between
\smallsmile \smallfrown \pitchfork \vartriangleleft \vartriangleright
\blacktriangleleft \trianglelefteq \trianglerighteq \blacktriangleright
第1列 | 第2列 | 第3列 |
---|---|---|
⋖ \lessdot ⋖ \lessdot | ⋗ \gtrdot ⋗ \gtrdot | ≑ \Doteq ≑ \doteqdot or \Doteq |
⩽ \leqslant ⩽ \leqslant | ⩾ \geqslant ⩾ \geqslant | ≓ \risingdotseq ≓ \risingdotseq |
⪕ \eqslantless ⪕ \eqslantless | ⪖ \eqslantgtr ⪖ \eqslantgtr | ≒ \fallingdotseq ≒ \fallingdotseq |
≦ \leqq ≦ \leqq | ≧ \geqq ≧ \geqq | ≖ \eqcirc ≖ \eqcirc |
⋘ \llless ⋘ \lll or \llless | ⋙ \gggtr ⋙ \ggg or \gggtr | ≗ \circeq ≗ \circeq |
≲ \lesssim ≲ \lesssim | ≳ \gtrsim ≳ \gtrsim | ≜ \triangleq ≜ \triangleq |
⪅ \lessapprox ⪅ \lessapprox | ⪆ \gtrapprox ⪆ \gtrapprox | ≏ \bumpeq ≏ \bumpeq |
≶ \lessgtr ≶ \lessgtr | ≷ \gtrless ≷ \gtrless | ≎ \Bumpeq ≎ \Bumpeq |
⋚ \lesseqgtr ⋚ \lesseqgtr | ⋛ \gtreqless ⋛ \gtreqless | ∼ \thicksim ∼ \thicksim |
⪋ \lesseqqgtr ⪋ \lesseqqgtr | ⪌ \gtreqqless ⪌ \gtreqqless | ≈ \thickapprox ≈ \thickapprox |
≼ \preccurlyeq ≼ \preccurlyeq | ≽ \succcurlyeq ≽ \succcurlyeq | ≊ \approxeq ≊ \approxeq |
⋞ \curlyeqprec ⋞ \curlyeqprec | ⋟ \curlyeqsucc ⋟ \curlyeqsucc | ∽ \backsim ∽ \backsim |
≾ \precsim ≾ \precsim | ≿ \succsim ≿ \succsim | ⋍ \backsimeq ⋍ \backsimeq |
⪷ \precapprox ⪷ \precapprox | ⪸ \succapprox ⪸ \succapprox | ⊨ \vDash ⊨ \vDash |
⫅ \subseteqq ⫅ \subseteqq | ⫆ \supseteqq ⫆ \supseteqq | ⊩ \Vdash ⊩ \Vdash |
⋐ \Subset ⋐ \Subset | ⋑ \Supset ⋑ \Supset | ⊪ \Vvdash ⊪ \Vvdash |
⊏ \sqsubset ⊏ \sqsubset | ⊐ \sqsupset ⊐ \sqsupset | ∍ \backepsilon ∍ \backepsilon |
∴ \therefore ∴ \therefore | ∵ \because ∵ \because | ∝ \varpropto ∝ \varpropto |
∣ \shortmid ∣ \shortmid | ∥ \shortparallel ∥ \shortparallel | ≬ \between ≬ \between |
⌣ \smallsmile ⌣ \smallsmile | ⌢ \smallfrown ⌢ \smallfrown | ⋔ \pitchfork ⋔ \pitchfork |
⊲ \vartriangleleft ⊲ \vartriangleleft | ⊳ \vartriangleright ⊳ \vartriangleright | ◀ \blacktriangleleft ◀ \blacktriangleleft |
⊴ \trianglelefteq ⊴ \trianglelefteq | ⊵ \trianglerighteq ⊵ \trianglerighteq | ▶ \blacktriangleright ▶ \blacktriangleright |
1.15 AMS 箭头
⇠ \dashleftarrow ⇠ ⇢ \dashrightarrow ⇢ ⊸ \multimap ⊸ ⇇ \leftleftarrows ⇇ ⇉ \rightrightarrows ⇉ ⇈ \upuparrows ⇈ ⇆ \leftrightarrows ⇆ ⇄ \rightleftarrows ⇄ ⇊ \downdownarrows ⇊ ⇚ \Lleftarrow ⇚ ⇛ \Rrightarrow ⇛ ↿ \upharpoonleft ↿ ↞ \twoheadleftarrow ↞ ↠ \twoheadrightarrow ↠ ↾ \upharpoonright ↾ ↢ \leftarrowtail ↢ ↣ \rightarrowtail ↣ ⇃ \downharpoonleft ⇃ ⇋ \leftrightharpoons ⇋ ⇌ \rightleftharpoons ⇌ ⇂ \downharpoonright ⇂ ↰ \Lsh ↰ ↱ \Rsh ↱ ⇝ \rightsquigarrow ⇝ ↫ \looparrowleft ↫ ↬ \looparrowright ↬ ↭ \leftrightsquigarrow ↭ ↶ \curvearrowleft ↶ ↷ \curvearrowright ↷ ↺ \circlearrowleft ↺ ↻ \circlearrowright ↻
\dashleftarrow \dashrightarrow \multimap \leftleftarrows \rightrightarrows
\upuparrows \leftrightarrows \rightleftarrows \downdownarrows \Lleftarrow
\Rrightarrow \upharpoonleft \twoheadleftarrow \twoheadrightarrow
\upharpoonright \leftarrowtail \rightarrowtail \downharpoonleft
\leftrightharpoons \rightleftharpoons \downharpoonright \Lsh \Rsh
\rightsquigarrow \looparrowleft \looparrowright \leftrightsquigarrow
\curvearrowleft \curvearrowright \circlearrowleft \circlearrowright
第1列 | 第2列 | 第3列 |
---|---|---|
⇠ \dashleftarrow ⇠ \dashleftarrow | ⇢ \dashrightarrow ⇢ \dashrightarrow | ⊸ \multimap ⊸ \multimap |
⇇ \leftleftarrows ⇇ \leftleftarrows | ⇉ \rightrightarrows ⇉ \rightrightarrows | ⇈ \upuparrows ⇈ \upuparrows |
⇆ \leftrightarrows ⇆ \leftrightarrows | ⇄ \rightleftarrows ⇄ \rightleftarrows | ⇊ \downdownarrows ⇊ \downdownarrows |
⇚ \Lleftarrow ⇚ \Lleftarrow | ⇛ \Rrightarrow ⇛ \Rrightarrow | ↿ \upharpoonleft ↿ \upharpoonleft |
↞ \twoheadleftarrow ↞ \twoheadleftarrow | ↠ \twoheadrightarrow ↠ \twoheadrightarrow | ↾ \upharpoonright ↾ \upharpoonright |
↢ \leftarrowtail ↢ \leftarrowtail | ↣ \rightarrowtail ↣ \rightarrowtail | ⇃ \downharpoonleft ⇃ \downharpoonleft |
⇋ \leftrightharpoons ⇋ \leftrightharpoons | ⇌ \rightleftharpoons ⇌ \rightleftharpoons | ⇂ \downharpoonright ⇂ \downharpoonright |
↰ \Lsh ↰ \Lsh | ↱ \Rsh ↱ \Rsh | ⇝ \rightsquigarrow ⇝ \rightsquigarrow |
↫ \looparrowleft ↫ \looparrowleft | ↬ \looparrowright ↬ \looparrowright | ↭ \leftrightsquigarrow ↭ \leftrightsquigarrow |
↶ \curvearrowleft ↶ \curvearrowleft | ↷ \curvearrowright ↷ \curvearrowright | |
↺ \circlearrowleft ↺ \circlearrowleft | ↻ \circlearrowright ↻ \circlearrowright |
1.16 AMS 二元否定关系符和箭头
≮ \nless ≮ ≯ \ngtr ≯ ⫋ \varsubsetneqq ⪇ \lneq ⪇ ⪈ \gneq ⪈ ⫌ \varsupsetneqq ≰ \nleq ≰ ≱ \ngeq ≱ ⊈ \nsubseteqq ≰ \nleqslant ≱ \ngeqslant ⊉ \nsupseteqq ≨ \lneqq ≨ ≩ \gneqq ≩ ∤ \nmid ∤ ≨ \lvertneqq ≩ \gvertneqq ∦ \nparallel ∦ ≰ \nleqq ≱ \ngeqq ∤ \nshortmid ⋦ \lnsim ⋦ ⋧ \gnsim ⋧ ∦ \nshortparallel ⪉ \lnapprox ⪉ ⪊ \gnapprox ⪊ ≁ \nsim ≁ ⊀ \nprec ⊀ ⊁ \nsucc ⊁ ≆ \ncong ≆ ⋠ \npreceq ⋠ ⋡ \nsucceq ⋡ ⊬ \nvdash ⊬ ⪵ \precneqq ⪵ ⪶ \succneqq ⪶ ⊭ \nvDash ⊭ ⋨ \precnsim ⋨ ⋩ \succnsim ⋩ ⊮ \nVdash ⊮ ⪹ \precnapprox ⪹ ⪺ \succnapprox ⪺ ⊯ \nVDash ⊯ ⊊ \subsetneq ⊊ ⊋ \supsetneq ⊋ ⋪ \ntriangleleft ⋪ ⊊ \varsubsetneq ⊋ \varsupsetneq ⋫ \ntriangleright ⋫ ⊈ \nsubseteq ⊈ ⊉ \nsupseteq ⊉ ⋬ \ntrianglelefteq ⋬ ⫋ \subsetneqq ⫋ ⫌ \supsetneqq ⫌ ⋭ \ntrianglerighteq ⋭ ↚ \nleftarrow ↚ ↛ \nrightarrow ↛ ↮ \nleftrightarrow ↮ ⇍ \nLeftarrow ⇍ ⇏ \nRightarrow ⇏ ⇎ \nLeftrightarrow ⇎
\nless \ngtr \varsubsetneqq \lneq \gneq \varsupsetneqq \nleq \ngeq
\nsubseteqq \nleqslant \ngeqslant \nsupseteqq \lneqq \gneqq \nmid
\lvertneqq \gvertneqq \nparallel \nleqq \ngeqq \nshortmid \lnsim
\gnsim \nshortparallel \lnapprox \gnapprox \nsim \nprec \nsucc
\ncong \npreceq \nsucceq \nvdash \precneqq \succneqq \nvDash
\precnsim \succnsim \nVdash \precnapprox \succnapprox \nVDash
\subsetneq \supsetneq \ntriangleleft \varsubsetneq \varsupsetneq
\ntriangleright \nsubseteq \nsupseteq \ntrianglelefteq \subsetneqq
\supsetneqq \ntrianglerighteq \nleftarrow \nrightarrow \nleftrightarrow
\nLeftarrow \nRightarrow \nLeftrightarrow
第1列 | 第2列 | 第3列 |
---|---|---|
≮ \nless ≮ \nless | ≯ \ngtr ≯ \ngtr | ⫋ \varsubsetneqq \varsubsetneqq |
⪇ \lneq ⪇ \lneq | ⪈ \gneq ⪈ \gneq | ⫌ \varsupsetneqq \varsupsetneqq |
≰ \nleq ≰ \nleq | ≱ \ngeq ≱ \ngeq | ⊈ \nsubseteqq \nsubseteqq |
≰ \nleqslant \nleqslant | ≱ \ngeqslant \ngeqslant | ⊉ \nsupseteqq \nsupseteqq |
≨ \lneqq ≨ \lneqq | ≩ \gneqq ≩ \gneqq | ∤ \nmid ∤ \nmid |
≨ \lvertneqq \lvertneqq | ≩ \gvertneqq \gvertneqq | ∦ \nparallel ∦ \nparallel |
≰ \nleqq \nleqq | ≱ \ngeqq \ngeqq | ∤ \nshortmid \nshortmid |
⋦ \lnsim ⋦ \lnsim | ⋧ \gnsim ⋧ \gnsim | ∦ \nshortparallel \nshortparallel |
⪉ \lnapprox ⪉ \lnapprox | ⪊ \gnapprox ⪊ \gnapprox | ≁ \nsim ≁ \nsim |
⊀ \nprec ⊀ \nprec | ⊁ \nsucc ⊁ \nsucc | ≆ \ncong ≆ \ncong |
⋠ \npreceq ⋠ \npreceq | ⋡ \nsucceq ⋡ \nsucceq | ⊬ \nvdash ⊬ \nvdash |
⪵ \precneqq ⪵ \precneqq | ⪶ \succneqq ⪶ \succneqq | ⊭ \nvDash ⊭ \nvDash |
⋨ \precnsim ⋨ \precnsim | ⋩ \succnsim ⋩ \succnsim | ⊮ \nVdash ⊮ \nVdash |
⪹ \precnapprox ⪹ \precnapprox | ⪺ \succnapprox ⪺ \succnapprox | ⊯ \nVDash ⊯ \nVDash |
⊊ \subsetneq ⊊ \subsetneq | ⊋ \supsetneq ⊋ \supsetneq | ⋪ \ntriangleleft ⋪ \ntriangleleft |
⊊ \varsubsetneq \varsubsetneq | ⊋ \varsupsetneq \varsupsetneq | ⋫ \ntriangleright ⋫ \ntriangleright |
⊈ \nsubseteq ⊈ \nsubseteq | ⊉ \nsupseteq ⊉ \nsupseteq | ⋬ \ntrianglelefteq ⋬ \ntrianglelefteq |
⫋ \subsetneqq ⫋ \subsetneqq | ⫌ \supsetneqq ⫌ \supsetneqq | ⋭ \ntrianglerighteq ⋭ \ntrianglerighteq |
↚ \nleftarrow ↚ \nleftarrow | ↛ \nrightarrow ↛ \nrightarrow | ↮ \nleftrightarrow ↮ \nleftrightarrow |
⇍ \nLeftarrow ⇍ \nLeftarrow | ⇏ \nRightarrow ⇏ \nRightarrow | ⇎ \nLeftrightarrow ⇎ \nLeftrightarrow |
1.17 AMS 二元运算符
∔ \dotplus ∔ ⋅ \centerdot ⋅ ⊺ \intercal ⊺ ⋉ \ltimes ⋉ ⋊ \rtimes ⋊ ⋇ \divideontimes ⋇ ⋓ \Cup ⋓ ⋒ \Cap ⋒ ∖ \smallsetminus ∖ ⊻ \veebar ⊻ ⊼ \barwedge ⊼ ⩞ \doublebarwedge ⩞ ⊞ \boxplus ⊞ ⊟ \boxminus ⊟ ⊝ \circleddash ⊝ ⊠ \boxtimes ⊠ ⊡ \boxdot ⊡ ⊚ \circledcirc ⊚ ⋋ \leftthreetimes ⋋ ⋌ \rightthreetimes ⋌ ⊛ \circledast ⊛ ⋎ \curlyvee ⋎ ⋏ \curlywedge ⋏
\dotplus \centerdot \intercal \ltimes \rtimes \divideontimes \Cup \Cap
\smallsetminus \veebar \barwedge \doublebarwedge \boxplus
\boxminus \circleddash \boxtimes \boxdot \circledcirc \leftthreetimes
\rightthreetimes \circledast \curlyvee \curlywedge
第1列 | 第2列 | 第3列 |
---|---|---|
∔ \dotplus ∔ \dotplus | ⋅ \centerdot ⋅ \centerdot | ⊺ \intercal ⊺ \intercal |
⋉ \ltimes ⋉ \ltimes | ⋊ \rtimes ⋊ \rtimes | ⋇ \divideontimes ⋇ \divideontimes |
⋓ \Cup ⋓ \Cup or \doublecup | ⋒ \Cap ⋒ \Cap or \doublecap | ∖ \smallsetminus ∖ \smallsetminus |
⊻ \veebar ⊻ \veebar | ⊼ \barwedge ⊼ \barwedge | ⩞ \doublebarwedge ⩞ \doublebarwedge |
⊞ \boxplus ⊞ \boxplus | ⊟ \boxminus ⊟ \boxminus | ⊝ \circleddash ⊝ \circleddash |
⊠ \boxtimes ⊠ \boxtimes | ⊡ \boxdot ⊡ \boxdot | ⊚ \circledcirc ⊚ \circledcirc |
⋋ \leftthreetimes ⋋ \leftthreetimes | ⋌ \rightthreetimes ⋌ \rightthreetimes | ⊛ \circledast ⊛ \circledast |
⋎ \curlyvee ⋎ \curlyvee | ⋏ \curlywedge ⋏ \curlywedge |
1.18 AMS 其它符号
ℏ \hbar ℏ ℏ \hslash ℏ k \Bbbk k □ \square □ ■ \blacksquare ■ Ⓢ \circledS Ⓢ △ \vartriangle △ ▲ \blacktriangle ▲ ∁ \complement ∁ ▽ \triangledown ▽ ▼ \blacktriangledown ▼ ⅁ \Game ⅁ ◊ \lozenge ◊ ⧫ \blacklozenge ⧫ ★ \bigstar ★ ∠ \angle ∠ ∡ \measuredangle ∡ ∢ \sphericalangle ∢ ╱ \diagup ╱ ╲ \diagdown ╲ ‵ \backprime ‵ ∄ \nexists ∄ Ⅎ \Finv Ⅎ ∅ \varnothing ∅ ð \eth ð ℧ \mho ℧
\hbar \hslash \Bbbk \square \blacksquare \circledS \vartriangle
\blacktriangle \complement \triangledown \blacktriangledown
\Game \lozenge \blacklozenge \bigstar \angle \measuredangle
\sphericalangle \diagup \diagdown \backprime
\nexists \Finv \varnothing \eth \mho
第1列 | 第2列 | 第3列 |
---|---|---|
ℏ \hbar ℏ \hbar | ℏ \hslash ℏ \hslash | k \Bbbk k \Bbbk |
□ \square □ \square | ■ \blacksquare ■ \blacksquare | Ⓢ \circledS Ⓢ \circledS |
△ \vartriangle △ \vartriangle | ▲ \blacktriangle ▲ \blacktriangle | ∁ \complement ∁ \complement |
▽ \triangledown ▽ \triangledown | ▼ \blacktriangledown ▼ \blacktriangledown | ⅁ \Game ⅁ \Game |
◊ \lozenge ◊ \lozenge | ⧫ \blacklozenge ⧫ \blacklozenge | ★ \bigstar ★ \bigstar |
∠ \angle ∠ \angle | ∡ \measuredangle ∡ \measuredangle | ∢ \sphericalangle ∢ \sphericalangle |
╱ \diagup ╱ \diagup | ╲ \diagdown ╲ \diagdown | ‵ \backprime ‵ \backprime |
∄ \nexists ∄ \nexists | Ⅎ \Finv Ⅎ \Finv | ∅ \varnothing ∅ \varnothing |
ð \eth ð \eth | ℧ \mho ℧ \mho |
1.19 数学字母
A B C d e f \mathrm{ABCdef} ABCdef A B C d e f \mathit{ABCdef} ABCdef A B C d e f ABCdef ABCdef A B C \mathcal{ABC} ABC A B C \mathcal{ABC} ABC A B C \mathscr{ABC} ABC A B C d e f \mathfrak{ABCdef} ABCdef A B C \mathbb{ABC} ABC
\mathrm{ABCdef} \mathit{ABCdef} \mathnormal{ABCdef}
\mathcal{ABC} \mathcal{ABC} \mathcal{ABC}
\mathscr{ABC} \mathfrak{ABCdef} \mathbb{ABC}
- 注:第三个例子不需要 \mathnormal{} 。
例子 | 命令 | 所需宏包 |
---|---|---|
A B C d e f \mathrm{ABCdef} ABCdef | \mathrm{ABCdef} | |
A B C d e f \mathit{ABCdef} ABCdef | \mathit{ABCdef} | |
A B C d e f ABCdef ABCdef | \mathnormal{ABCdef} | |
A B C \mathcal{ABC} ABC | \mathcal{ABC} | |
A B C \mathcal{ABC} ABC | \mathcal{ABC} | mathrsfs |
A B C \mathscr{ABC} ABC | \mathcal{ABC} | eucal with option: mathcal or |
\mathscr{ABC} | eucal with option: mathscr | |
A B C d e f \mathfrak{ABCdef} ABCdef | \mathfrak{ABCdef} | eufrak |
A B C \mathbb{ABC} ABC | \mathbb{ABC} | amsfonts or amssymb |
一些常用格式
a b a b ∫ f ( x ) d x ∫ a b f ( x ) d x ⋂ i = 1 n ∑ i = 1 n ∏ i = 1 n a^{b} \frac{a}{b} \int f(x)dx \int^{b}_{a} f(x)dx \bigcap^{n}_{i=1} \sum^{n}_{i=1} \prod^{n}_{i=1} abba∫f(x)dx∫abf(x)dxi=1⋂ni=1∑ni=1∏n
a^{b} \frac{a}{b} \int f(x)dx \int^{b}_{a} f(x)dx
\bigcap^{n}_{i=1} \sum^{n}_{i=1} \prod^{n}_{i=1}
a ˙ a ¨ a ′ ′ a ′ α β γ δ ϵ ε ζ η P N ∴ ∠ ∡ ∵ ± ∓ × ⋅ ∗ ∩ ∪ \dot{a} \ddot{a} {a}'' {a}' \alpha \beta \gamma \delta \epsilon \varepsilon \zeta \eta \mathbb{P}\mathbb{N} \therefore \angle \measuredangle \because \pm \mp \times \cdot \ast \cap \cup a˙a¨a′′a′αβγδϵεζηPN∴∠∡∵±∓×⋅∗∩∪
\dot{a} \ddot{a}{a}''{a}'\alpha \beta \gamma \delta \epsilon \varepsilon
\zeta \eta \mathbb{P}\mathbb{N} \therefore \angle \measuredangle
\because \pm \mp \times \cdot \ast \cap \cup
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 {\color{Red} 1}{\color{Green} 2}{\color{Blue} 3}{\color{Yellow} 4}{\color{Cyan} 5}{\color{Magenta} 6}{\color{Teal} 7}{\color{Purple} 8}{\color{DarkBlue} 9}{\color{DarkRed} 10}{\color{Orange} 11}{\color{DarkOrange} 12}{\color{Golden} 13}{\color{Pink} 14}{\color{DarkGreen} 15}{\color{Orchid} 16}{\color{Emerald} 17} 1234567891011121314151617
{\color{Red} 1}{\color{Green} 2}{\color{Blue} 3}{\color{Yellow} 4}
{\color{Cyan} 5}{\color{Magenta} 6}{\color{Teal} 7}{\color{Purple} 8}
{\color{DarkBlue} 9}{\color{DarkRed} 10}{\color{Orange} 11}
{\color{DarkOrange} 12}{\color{Golden} 13}{\color{Pink} 14}
{\color{DarkGreen} 15}{\color{Orchid} 16}{\color{Emerald} 17}
sin cos tan csc sec cot sinh cosh tanh coth arcsin arccos arctan arccsc arcsec arccot sin − 1 cos − 1 tan − 1 sinh − 1 cosh − 1 tanh − 1 \sin \cos \tan \csc \sec \cot \sinh \cosh \tanh \coth \\ \arcsin \arccos \arctan \textrm{arccsc} \ \textrm{arcsec} \ \textrm{arccot} \sin^{-1} \cos^{-1} \tan^{-1} \sinh^{-1} \cosh^{-1} \tanh^{-1} sincostancscseccotsinhcoshtanhcotharcsinarccosarctanarccsc arcsec arccotsin−1cos−1tan−1sinh−1cosh−1tanh−1
\sin \cos \tan \csc \sec \cot \sinh \cosh \tanh \coth \\ \arcsin \arccos
\arctan \textrm{arccsc} \ \textrm{arcsec} \ \textrm{arccot}
\sin^{-1} \cos^{-1} \tan^{-1} \sinh^{-1} \cosh^{-1} \tanh^{-1}
exp lg ln log log e log 10 lim lim inf lim sup max min ∞ arg det dim gcd hom ker Pr sup \exp \lg \ln \log \log_{e}\log_{10}\lim \liminf \limsup \max \min \infty \\ \arg \det \dim \gcd \hom \ker \Pr \sup explglnloglogelog10limliminflimsupmaxmin∞argdetdimgcdhomkerPrsup
\exp \lg \ln \log \log_{e}\log_{10}\lim \liminf \limsup \max \min
\infty \\ \arg \det \dim \gcd \hom \ker \Pr \sup
( n r ) 1 → n x ↦ x 2 ⇒ ⇐ ← → ⇔ ↔ ↼ ⇀ ⇁ ↽ ⇋ ⇌ → a a b c ~ a b c ^ a b c ← a b c → \binom{n}{r} 1 \to n \ x \mapsto x^2 \Rightarrow \Leftarrow \leftarrow \rightarrow \Leftrightarrow \leftrightarrow \leftharpoonup \rightharpoonup \rightharpoondown \leftharpoondown \leftrightharpoons \rightleftharpoons \overset{a}{\rightarrow}\widetilde{abc}\widehat{abc} \overleftarrow{abc}\overrightarrow{abc} (rn)1→n x↦x2⇒⇐←→⇔↔↼⇀⇁↽⇋⇌→aabc abc abcabc
\binom{n}{r} 1 \to n \ x \mapsto x^2
\Rightarrow \Leftarrow \leftarrow \rightarrow \Leftrightarrow
\leftrightarrow \leftharpoonup \rightharpoonup \rightharpoondown
\leftharpoondown \leftrightharpoons \rightleftharpoons \overset{a}
{\rightarrow}\widetilde{abc}\widehat{abc}
\overleftarrow{abc}\overrightarrow{abc}
( 1 2 3 4 ) \begin{pmatrix} 1 & 2\\ 3 & 4 \end{pmatrix} (1324)
[ 1 2 3 4 ] \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 2\\ 3 & 4 \end{bmatrix} [1324]
1 2 3 4 \begin{matrix} 1 & 2\\ 3 & 4 \end{matrix} 1324
{ 1 if x = 1 2 if x = 2 \begin{cases} 1 & \text{ if } x=1 \\ 2 & \text{ if } x=2 \end{cases} {12 if x=1 if x=2
x 1 = 1 x 2 = 2 \begin{aligned} x_1 &= 1\\ x_2 &= 2 \end{aligned} x1x2=1=2
% CSDN中不能一个 $$数学公式$$ 显示多个矩阵吗?
\begin{pmatrix}1 & 2\\ 3 & 4
\end{pmatrix}\begin{bmatrix}1 & 2\\ 3 & 4
\end{bmatrix}\begin{matrix}1 & 2\\ 3 & 4\
\end{matrix}
\\
\begin{cases}
1 & \text{ if } x=1 \\
2 & \text{ if } x=2
\end{cases}
\\
\begin{aligned}x_1 &= 1\\x_2 &= 2
\end{aligned}
正文完
本文源码
## LaTeX数学符号表**本文来源**:[http://www.mohu.org/info/lshort-cn.pdf](http://www.mohu.org/info/lshort-cn.pdf) 的50-56页。下面的表格中将给出在数学模式中常用的所有符号。使用表 1.12–1.16所列出的符号,必须事先安装 AMS 数学字库并且在文档的导言区加载宏包: amssymb。如果你的系统中没有安装 AMS 宏包和数学字库,可去下述地址下载:[CTAN:/tex-archive/macros/latex/required/amslatex](https://www.ctan.org/pkg/amslatex) 。**如果你的md编辑器显示错误,[这里](https://latex.codecogs.com/eqneditor/editor.php) 可以正常显示**。**在线公式编辑网站**:[https://latex.codecogs.com/eqneditor/editor.php](https://latex.codecogs.com/eqneditor/editor.php) ----
### 1.1 数学模式重音符 $\hat{a}$ $\check{a}$ $\tilde{a}$ $\acute{a}$ $\grave{a}$ $\dot{a}$ $\ddot{a}$ $\breve{a}$ $\bar{a}$ $\vec{a}$ $\widehat{A}$ $\widetilde{A}$ | 第1列 | 第2列 | 第3列 | 第4列 |
| ---------------------- | ---------------------- | -------------------------- | ------------------------------ |
| $\hat{a}$ \hat{a} | $\check{a}$ \check{a} | $\tilde{a}$ \tilde{a} | $\acute{a}$ \acute{a} |
| $\grave{a}$ \grave{a} | $\dot{a}$ \dot{a} | $\ddot{a}$ \ddot{a} | $\breve{a}$ \breve{a} |
| $\bar{a}$ \bar{a} | $\vec{a}$ \vec{a} | $\widehat{A}$ \widehat{A} | $\widetilde{A}$ \widetilde{A} |### 1.2 小写希腊字母$\alpha$ $\theta$ $o$ $\upsilon$ $\beta$ $\vartheta$ $\pi$ $\phi$ $\gamma$ $\iota$ $\varpi$ $\varphi$ $\delta$ $\kappa$ $\rho$ $\chi$ $\epsilon$ $\lambda$ $\varrho$ $\psi$ $\varepsilon$ $\mu$ $\sigma$ $\omega$ $\zeta$ $\nu$ $\varsigma$ $\eta$ $\xi$ $\tau$ | 第1列 | 第2列 | 第3列 | 第4列 |
| -------------------------- | ---------------------- | ---------------------- | -------------------- |
| $\alpha$ \alpha | $\theta$ \theta | $o$ o | $\upsilon$ \upsilon |
| $\beta$ \beta | $\vartheta$ \vartheta | $\pi$ \pi | $\phi$ \phi |
| $\gamma$ \gamma | $\iota$ \iota | $\varpi$ \varpi | $\varphi$ \varphi |
| $\delta$ \delta | $\kappa$ \kappa | $\rho$ \rho | $\chi$ \chi |
| $\epsilon$ \epsilon | $\lambda$ \lambda | $\varrho$ \varrho | $\psi$ \psi |
| $\varepsilon$ \varepsilon | $\mu$ \mu | $\sigma$ \sigma | $\omega$ \omega |
| $\zeta$ \zeta | $\nu$ \nu | $\varsigma$ \varsigma | |
| $\eta$ \eta | $\xi$ \xi | $\tau$ \tau | |### 1.3 大写希腊字母$\Gamma$ $\Lambda$ $\Sigma$ $\Psi$ $\Delta$ $\Xi$ $\Upsilon$ $\Omega$ $\Theta$ $\Pi$ $\Phi$ | 第1列 | 第2列 | 第3列 | 第4列 |
| ---------------- | ------------------ | -------------------- | ---------------- |
| $\Gamma$ \Gamma | $\Lambda$ \Lambda | $\Sigma$ \Sigma | $\Psi$ \Psi |
| $\Delta$ \Delta | $\Xi$ \Xi | $\Upsilon$ \Upsilon | $\Omega$ \Omega |
| $\Theta$ \Theta | $\Pi$ \Pi | $\Phi$ \Phi | |### 1.4 二元关系符你可以在下述命令的前面加上 \not 来得到其否定形式。$<$ $>$ $=$ $\leq$ $\geq$ $\equiv$ $\ll$ $\gg$ $\doteq$ $\prec$ $\succ$ $\sim$ $\preceq$ $\succeq$ $\simeq$ $\subset$ $\supset$ $\approx$ $\subseteq$ $\supseteq$ $\cong$ $\sqsubset$ $\sqsupset$ $\Join$ $\sqsubseteq$ $\sqsupseteq$ $\bowtie$ $\in$ $\ni$ $\propto$ $\vdash$ $\dashv$ $\models$ $\mid$ $\parallel$ $\perp$ $\smile$ $\frown$ $\asymp$ $:$ $\notin$ $\neq$ | 第1列 | 第2列 | 第3列 |
| -------------------------- | -------------------------- | ------------------- |
| $<$ < | $>$ > | $=$ = |
| $\le$ \leq or \le | $\ge$ \geq or \ge | $\equiv$ \equiv |
| $\ll$ \ll | $\gg$ \gg | $\doteq$ \doteq |
| $\prec$ \prec | $\succ$ \succ | $\sim$ \sim |
| $\preceq$ \preceq | $\succeq$ \succeq | $\simeq$ \simeq |
| $\subset$ \subset | $\supset$ \supset | $\approx$ \approx |
| $\subseteq$ \subseteq | $\supseteq$ \supseteq | $\cong$ \cong |
| $\sqsubset$ \sqsubset | $\sqsupset$ \sqsupset | $\Join$ \Join |
| $\sqsubseteq$ \sqsubseteq | $\sqsupseteq$ \sqsupseteq | $\bowtie$ \bowtie |
| $\in$ \in | $\owns$ \ni or \owns | $\propto$ \propto |
| $\vdash$ \vdash | $\dashv$ \dashv | $\models$ \models |
| $\mid$ \mid | $\parallel$ \parallel | $\perp$ \perp |
| $\smile$ \smile | $\frown$ \frown | $\asymp$ \asymp |
| $:$ : | $\notin$ \notin | $\neq$ \neq or \ne |### 1.5 二元运算符$+$ $-$ $\pm$ $\mp$ $\triangleleft$ $\cdot$ $\div$ $\triangleright$ $\times$ $\setminus$ $\star$ $\cup$ $\cap$ $\ast$ $\sqcup$ $\sqcap$ $\circ$ $\vee$ $\wedge$ $\bullet$ $\oplus$ $\ominus$ $\diamond$ $\odot$ $\oslash$ $\uplus$ $\otimes$ $\bigcirc$ $\amalg$ $\bigtriangleup$ $\bigtriangledown$ $\dagger$ $\lhd$ $\rhd$ $\ddagger$ $\unlhd$ $\unrhd$ $\wr$ | 第1列 | 第2列 | 第3列 |
| -------------------------------- | ------------------------------------ | -------------------------------- |
| $+$ + | $-$ - | |
| $\pm$ \pm | $\mp$ \mp | $\triangleleft$ \triangleleft |
| $\cdot$ \cdot | $\div$ \div | $\triangleright$ \triangleright |
| $\times$ \times | $\setminus$ \setminus | $\star$ \star |
| $\cup$ \cup | $\cap$ \cap | $\ast$ \ast |
| $\sqcup$ \sqcup | $\sqcap$ \sqcap | $\circ$ \circ |
| $\vee$ \vee or \lor | $\wedge$ \wedge or \land | $\bullet$ \bullet |
| $\oplus$ \oplus | $\ominus$ \ominus | $\diamond$ \diamond |
| $\odot$ \odot | $\oslash$ \oslash | $\uplus$ \uplus |
| $\otimes$ \otimes | $\bigcirc$ \bigcirc | $\amalg$ \amalg |
| $\bigtriangleup$ \bigtriangleup | $\bigtriangledown$ \bigtriangledown | $\dagger$ \dagger |
| $\lhd$ \lhd | $\rhd$ \rhd | $\ddagger$ \ddagger |
| $\unlhd$ \unlhd | $\unrhd$ \unrhd | $\wr$ \wr |### 1.6 大尺寸运算符$\sum$ $\bigcup$ $\bigvee$ $\bigoplus$ $\prod$ $\bigcap$ $\bigwedge$ $\bigotimes$ $\coprod$ $\bigsqcup$ $\bigodot$ $\int$ $\oint$ $\biguplus$ | 第1列 | 第2列 | 第3列 | 第4列 |
| ------------------ | ---------------------- | ---------------------- | ------------------------ |
| $\sum$ \sum | $\bigcup$ \bigcup | $\bigvee$ \bigvee | $\bigoplus$ \bigoplus |
| $\prod$ \prod | $\bigcap$ \bigcap | $\bigwedge$ \bigwedge | $\bigotimes$ \bigotimes |
| $\coprod$ \coprod | $\bigsqcup$ \bigsqcup | | $\bigodot$ \bigodot |
| $\int$ \int | $\oint$ \oint | | $\biguplus$ \biguplus |### 1.7 箭头$\gets$ $\longleftarrow$ $\uparrow$ $\to$ $\longrightarrow$ $\downarrow$ $\leftrightarrow$ $\longleftrightarrow$ $\updownarrow$ $\Leftarrow$ $\Longleftarrow$ $\Uparrow$ $\Rightarrow$ $\Longrightarrow$ $\Downarrow$ $\Leftrightarrow$ $\Longleftrightarrow$ $\Updownarrow$ $\mapsto$ $\longmapsto$ $\nearrow$ $\hookleftarrow$ $\hookrightarrow$ $\searrow$ $\leftharpoonup$ $\rightharpoonup$ $\swarrow$ $\leftharpoondown$ $\rightharpoondown$ $\nwarrow$ $\rightleftharpoons$ $\iff$ $\leadsto$ | 第1列 | 第2列 | 第3列 |
| ---------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------ | ---------------------------- |
| $\leftarrow$ \leftarrow or \gets | $\longleftarrow$ \longleftarrow | $\uparrow$ \uparrow |
| $\rightarrow$ \rightarrow or \to | $\longrightarrow$ \longrightarrow | $\downarrow$ \downarrow |
| $\leftrightarrow$ \leftrightarrow | $\longleftrightarrow$ \longleftrightarrow | $\updownarrow$ \updownarrow |
| $\Leftarrow$ \Leftarrow | $\Longleftarrow$ \Longleftarrow | $\Uparrow$ \Uparrow |
| $\Rightarrow$ \Rightarrow | $\Longrightarrow$ \Longrightarrow | $\Downarrow$ \Downarrow |
| $\Leftrightarrow$ \Leftrightarrow | $\Longleftrightarrow$ \Longleftrightarrow | $\Updownarrow$ \Updownarrow |
| $\mapsto$ \mapsto | $\longmapsto$ \longmapsto | $\nearrow$ \nearrow |
| $\hookleftarrow$ \hookleftarrow | $\hookrightarrow$ \hookrightarrow | $\searrow$ \searrow |
| $\leftharpoonup$ \leftharpoonup | $\rightharpoonup$ \rightharpoonup | $\swarrow$ \swarrow |
| $\leftharpoondown$ \leftharpoondown | $\rightharpoondown$ \rightharpoondown | $\nwarrow$ \nwarrow |
| $\rightleftharpoons$ \rightleftharpoons | $\iff$ \iff | $\leadsto$ \leadsto |### 1.8 定界符$($ $)$ $\uparrow$ $\Uparrow$ $\lbrack$ $\rbrack$ $\downarrow$ $\Downarrow$ $\lbrace$ $\rbrace$ $\updownarrow$ $\Updownarrow$ $\langle$ $\rangle$ $\vert$ $\Vert$ $\lfloor$ $\rfloor$ $\lceil$ $\rceil$ $/$ $\backslash$ $~$最后一个符号(dual. empty)不知道是啥。| $($ ( | $)$ ) | $\uparrow$ \uparrow | $\Uparrow$ \Uparrow |
| ------------------- | ------------------------ | ---------------------------- | ---------------------------- |
| $[$ [ or \lbrack | $]$ ] or \rbrack | $\downarrow$ \downarrow | $\Downarrow$ \Downarrow |
| $\{$ \{ or \lbrace | $\}$ \} or \rbrace | $\updownarrow$ \updownarrow | $\Updownarrow$ \Updownarrow |
| $\langle$ \langle | $\rangle$ \rangle | $|$ \| or \vert | $\|$ \\| or \Vert |
| $\lfloor$ \lfloor | $\rfloor$ \rfloor | $\lceil$ \lceil | $\rceil$ \rceil |
| $/$ / | $\backslash$ \backslash | $~$ ~(不知道是啥) | |### 1.9 大尺寸定界符
CSDN显示错误,出现报错信息,不过 jupter notebook 和 Typora 能正确显示。$\lgroup$ $\rgroup$ $\lmoustache$ $\rmoustache$ $\Arrowvert$ $\Arrowvert$ $\bracevert$ | 第1列 | 第2列 | 第3列 | 第4列 |
| ------------------------ | ------------------------ | -------------------------- | -------------------------- |
| $\lgroup$ \lgroup | $\rgroup$ \rgroup | $\lmoustache$ \lmoustache | $\rmoustache$ \rmoustache |
| $\Arrowvert$ \Arrowvert | $\Arrowvert$ \Arrowvert | $\bracevert$ \bracevert | |### 1.10 其它符号$\dots$ $\cdots$ $\vdots$ $\ddots$ $\hbar$ $\imath$ $\jmath$ $\ell$ $\Re$ $\Im$ $\aleph$ $\wp$ $\forall$ $\exists$ $\mho$ $\partial$ $'$ $\prime$ $\emptyset$ $\infty$ $\nabla$ $\triangle$ $\Box$ $\Diamond$ $\bot$ $\top$ $\angle$ $\surd$ $\diamondsuit$ $\heartsuit$ $\clubsuit$ $\spadesuit$ $\neg$ $\flat$ $\natural$ $\sharp$ | 第1列 | 第2列 | 第3列 | 第4列 |
| ---------------------------- | ------------------------ | ---------------------- | ------------------------ |
| $\dots$ \dots | $\cdots$ \cdots | $\vdots$ \vdots | $\ddots$ \ddots |
| $\hbar$ \hbar | $\imath$ \imath | $\jmath$ \jmath | $\ell$ \ell |
| $\Re$ \Re | $\Im$ \Im | $\aleph$ \aleph | $\wp$ \wp |
| $\forall$ \forall | $\exists$ \exists | $\mho$ \mho | $\partial$ \partial |
| $'$ ' | $\prime$ \prime | $\emptyset$ \emptyset | $\infty$ \infty |
| $\nabla$ \nabla | $\triangle$ \triangle | $\Box$ \Box | $\Diamond$ \Diamond |
| $\bot$ \bot | $\top$ \top | $\angle$ \angle | $\surd$ \surd |
| $\diamondsuit$ \diamondsuit | $\heartsuit$ \heartsuit | $\clubsuit$ \clubsuit | $\spadesuit$ \spadesuit |
| $\neg$ \neg or \lnot | $\flat$ \flat | $\natural$ \natural | $\sharp$ \sharp |### 1.11 非数学符号这些符号也可以在文本模式中使用。(如果你的md编辑器显示错误,[这里](https://latex.codecogs.com/eqneditor/editor.php) 可以正常显示)$\dag$ $\S$ $\copyright$ $\ddag$ $\P$ $\pounds$ | 第1列 | 第2列 | 第3列 |
| -------------- | -------- | ------------------------ |
| $\dag$ \dag | $\S$ \S | $\copyright$ \copyright |
| $\ddag$ \ddag | $\P$ \P | $\pounds$ \pounds |### 1.12 AMS 定界符$\ulcorner$ $\urcorner$ $\llcorner$ $\lrcorner$ $\lvert$ $\rvert$ $\lVert$ $\rVert$ | 第1列 | 第2列 | 第3列 | 第4列 |
| ---------------------- | ---------------------- | ---------------------- | ---------------------- |
| $\ulcorner$ \ulcorner | $\urcorner$ \urcorner | $\llcorner$ \llcorner | $\lrcorner$ \lrcorner |
| $\lvert$ \lvert | $\rvert$ \rvert | $\lVert$ \lVert | $\rVert$ \rVert |### 1.13 AMS 希腊和希伯来字母$\digamma$ $\varkappa$ $\beth$ $\daleth$ $\gimel$ | 第1列 | 第2列 | 第3列 | 第4列 | 第5列 |
| -------------------- | ---------------------- | -------------- | ------------------ | ---------------- |
| $\digamma$ \digamma | $\varkappa$ \varkappa | $\beth$ \beth | $\daleth$ \daleth | $\gimel$ \gimel |### 1.14 AMS 二元关系符$\lessdot$ $\gtrdot$ $\Doteq$ $\leqslant$ $\geqslant$ $\risingdotseq$ $\eqslantless$ $\eqslantgtr$ $\fallingdotseq$ $\leqq$ $\geqq$ $\eqcirc$ $\lll $ $\ggg$ $\circeq$ $\lesssim$ $\gtrsim$ $\triangleq$ $\lessapprox$ $\gtrapprox$ $\bumpeq$ $\lessgtr$ $\gtrless$ $\Bumpeq$ $\lesseqgtr$ $\gtreqless$ $\thicksim$ $\lesseqqgtr$ $\gtreqqless$ $\thickapprox$ $\preccurlyeq$ $\succcurlyeq$ $\approxeq$ $\curlyeqprec$ $\curlyeqsucc$ $\backsim$ $\precsim$ $\succsim$ $\backsimeq$ $\precapprox$ $\succapprox$ $\vDash$ $\subseteqq$ $\supseteqq$ $\Vdash$ $\Subset$ $\Supset$ $\Vvdash$ $\sqsubset$ $\sqsupset$ $\backepsilon$ $\therefore$ $\because$ $\varpropto$ $\shortmid$ $\shortparallel$ $\between$ $\smallsmile$ $\smallfrown$ $\pitchfork$ $\vartriangleleft$ $\vartriangleright$ $\blacktriangleleft$ $\trianglelefteq$ $\trianglerighteq$ $\blacktriangleright$ | 第1列 | 第2列 | 第3列 |
| ------------------------------------ | -------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------ |
| $\lessdot$ \lessdot | $\gtrdot$ \gtrdot | $\Doteq$ \doteqdot or \Doteq |
| $\leqslant$ \leqslant | $\geqslant$ \geqslant | $\risingdotseq$ \risingdotseq |
| $\eqslantless$ \eqslantless | $\eqslantgtr$ \eqslantgtr | $\fallingdotseq$ \fallingdotseq |
| $\leqq$ \leqq | $\geqq$ \geqq | $\eqcirc$ \eqcirc |
| $\llless$ \lll or \llless | $\gggtr$ \ggg or \gggtr | $\circeq$ \circeq |
| $\lesssim$ \lesssim | $\gtrsim$ \gtrsim | $\triangleq$ \triangleq |
| $\lessapprox$ \lessapprox | $\gtrapprox$ \gtrapprox | $\bumpeq$ \bumpeq |
| $\lessgtr$ \lessgtr | $\gtrless$ \gtrless | $\Bumpeq$ \Bumpeq |
| $\lesseqgtr$ \lesseqgtr | $\gtreqless$ \gtreqless | $\thicksim$ \thicksim |
| $\lesseqqgtr$ \lesseqqgtr | $\gtreqqless$ \gtreqqless | $\thickapprox$ \thickapprox |
| $\preccurlyeq$ \preccurlyeq | $\succcurlyeq$ \succcurlyeq | $\approxeq$ \approxeq |
| $\curlyeqprec$ \curlyeqprec | $\curlyeqsucc$ \curlyeqsucc | $\backsim$ \backsim |
| $\precsim$ \precsim | $\succsim$ \succsim | $\backsimeq$ \backsimeq |
| $\precapprox$ \precapprox | $\succapprox$ \succapprox | $\vDash$ \vDash |
| $\subseteqq$ \subseteqq | $\supseteqq$ \supseteqq | $\Vdash$ \Vdash |
| $\Subset$ \Subset | $\Supset$ \Supset | $\Vvdash$ \Vvdash |
| $\sqsubset$ \sqsubset | $\sqsupset$ \sqsupset | $\backepsilon$ \backepsilon |
| $\therefore$ \therefore | $\because$ \because | $\varpropto$ \varpropto |
| $\shortmid$ \shortmid | $\shortparallel$ \shortparallel | $\between$ \between |
| $\smallsmile$ \smallsmile | $\smallfrown$ \smallfrown | $\pitchfork$ \pitchfork |
| $\vartriangleleft$ \vartriangleleft | $\vartriangleright$ \vartriangleright | $\blacktriangleleft$ \blacktriangleleft |
| $\trianglelefteq$ \trianglelefteq | $\trianglerighteq$ \trianglerighteq | $\blacktriangleright$ \blacktriangleright |### 1.15 AMS 箭头$\dashleftarrow$ $\dashrightarrow$ $\multimap$ $\leftleftarrows$ $\rightrightarrows$ $\upuparrows$ $\leftrightarrows$ $\rightleftarrows$ $\downdownarrows$ $\Lleftarrow$ $\Rrightarrow$ $\upharpoonleft$ $\twoheadleftarrow$ $\twoheadrightarrow$ $\upharpoonright$ $\leftarrowtail$ $\rightarrowtail$ $\downharpoonleft$ $\leftrightharpoons$ $\rightleftharpoons$ $\downharpoonright$ $\Lsh$ $\Rsh$ $\rightsquigarrow$ $\looparrowleft$ $\looparrowright$ $\leftrightsquigarrow$ $\curvearrowleft$ $\curvearrowright$ $\circlearrowleft$ $\circlearrowright$ | 第1列 | 第2列 | 第3列 |
| ---------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------- |
| $\dashleftarrow$ \dashleftarrow | $\dashrightarrow$ \dashrightarrow | $\multimap$ \multimap |
| $\leftleftarrows$ \leftleftarrows | $\rightrightarrows$ \rightrightarrows | $\upuparrows$ \upuparrows |
| $\leftrightarrows$ \leftrightarrows | $\rightleftarrows$ \rightleftarrows | $\downdownarrows$ \downdownarrows |
| $\Lleftarrow$ \Lleftarrow | $\Rrightarrow$ \Rrightarrow | $\upharpoonleft$ \upharpoonleft |
| $\twoheadleftarrow$ \twoheadleftarrow | $\twoheadrightarrow$ \twoheadrightarrow | $\upharpoonright$ \upharpoonright |
| $\leftarrowtail$ \leftarrowtail | $\rightarrowtail$ \rightarrowtail | $\downharpoonleft$ \downharpoonleft |
| $\leftrightharpoons$ \leftrightharpoons | $\rightleftharpoons$ \rightleftharpoons | $\downharpoonright$ \downharpoonright |
| $\Lsh$ \Lsh | $\Rsh$ \Rsh | $\rightsquigarrow$ \rightsquigarrow |
| $\looparrowleft$ \looparrowleft | $\looparrowright$ \looparrowright | $\leftrightsquigarrow$ \leftrightsquigarrow |
| $\curvearrowleft$ \curvearrowleft | $\curvearrowright$ \curvearrowright | |
| $\circlearrowleft$ \circlearrowleft | $\circlearrowright$ \circlearrowright | |### 1.16 AMS 二元否定关系符和箭头$\nless$ $\ngtr$ $\varsubsetneqq$ $\lneq$ $\gneq$ $\varsupsetneqq$ $\nleq$ $\ngeq$ $\nsubseteqq$ $\nleqslant$ $\ngeqslant$ $\nsupseteqq$ $\lneqq$ $\gneqq$ $\nmid$ $\lvertneqq$ $\gvertneqq$ $\nparallel$ $\nleqq$ $\ngeqq$ $\nshortmid$ $\lnsim$ $\gnsim$ $\nshortparallel$ $\lnapprox$ $\gnapprox$ $\nsim$ $\nprec$ $\nsucc$ $\ncong$ $\npreceq$ $\nsucceq$ $\nvdash$ $\precneqq$ $\succneqq$ $\nvDash$ $\precnsim$ $\succnsim$ $\nVdash$ $\precnapprox$ $\succnapprox$ $\nVDash$ $\subsetneq$ $\supsetneq$ $\ntriangleleft$ $\varsubsetneq$ $\varsupsetneq$ $\ntriangleright$ $\nsubseteq$ $\nsupseteq$ $\ntrianglelefteq$ $\subsetneqq$ $\supsetneqq$ $\ntrianglerighteq$ $\nleftarrow$ $\nrightarrow$ $\nleftrightarrow$ $\nLeftarrow$ $\nRightarrow$ $\nLeftrightarrow$ | 第1列 | 第2列 | 第3列 |
| ------------------------------ | ------------------------------ | -------------------------------------- |
| $\nless$ \nless | $\ngtr$ \ngtr | $\varsubsetneqq$ \varsubsetneqq |
| $\lneq$ \lneq | $\gneq$ \gneq | $\varsupsetneqq$ \varsupsetneqq |
| $\nleq$ \nleq | $\ngeq$ \ngeq | $\nsubseteqq$ \nsubseteqq |
| $\nleqslant$ \nleqslant | $\ngeqslant$ \ngeqslant | $\nsupseteqq$ \nsupseteqq |
| $\lneqq$ \lneqq | $\gneqq$ \gneqq | $\nmid$ \nmid |
| $\lvertneqq$ \lvertneqq | $\gvertneqq$ \gvertneqq | $\nparallel$ \nparallel |
| $\nleqq$ \nleqq | $\ngeqq$ \ngeqq | $\nshortmid$ \nshortmid |
| $\lnsim$ \lnsim | $\gnsim$ \gnsim | $\nshortparallel$ \nshortparallel |
| $\lnapprox$ \lnapprox | $\gnapprox$ \gnapprox | $\nsim$ \nsim |
| $\nprec$ \nprec | $\nsucc$ \nsucc | $\ncong$ \ncong |
| $\npreceq$ \npreceq | $\nsucceq$ \nsucceq | $\nvdash$ \nvdash |
| $\precneqq$ \precneqq | $\succneqq$ \succneqq | $\nvDash$ \nvDash |
| $\precnsim$ \precnsim | $\succnsim$ \succnsim | $\nVdash$ \nVdash |
| $\precnapprox$ \precnapprox | $\succnapprox$ \succnapprox | $\nVDash$ \nVDash |
| $\subsetneq$ \subsetneq | $\supsetneq$ \supsetneq | $\ntriangleleft$ \ntriangleleft |
| $\varsubsetneq$ \varsubsetneq | $\varsupsetneq$ \varsupsetneq | $\ntriangleright$ \ntriangleright |
| $\nsubseteq$ \nsubseteq | $\nsupseteq$ \nsupseteq | $\ntrianglelefteq$ \ntrianglelefteq |
| $\subsetneqq$ \subsetneqq | $\supsetneqq$ \supsetneqq | $\ntrianglerighteq$ \ntrianglerighteq |
| $\nleftarrow$ \nleftarrow | $\nrightarrow$ \nrightarrow | $\nleftrightarrow$ \nleftrightarrow |
| $\nLeftarrow$ \nLeftarrow | $\nRightarrow$ \nRightarrow | $\nLeftrightarrow$ \nLeftrightarrow |### 1.17 AMS 二元运算符$\dotplus$ $\centerdot$ $\intercal$ $\ltimes$ $\rtimes$ $\divideontimes$ $\Cup$ $\Cap$ $\smallsetminus$ $\veebar$ $\barwedge$ $\doublebarwedge$ $\boxplus$ $\boxminus$ $\circleddash$ $\boxtimes$ $\boxdot$ $\circledcirc$ $\leftthreetimes$ $\rightthreetimes$ $\circledast$ $\curlyvee$ $\curlywedge$ | 第1列 | 第2列 | 第3列 |
| ---------------------------------- | ------------------------------------ | ---------------------------------- |
| $\dotplus$ \dotplus | $\centerdot$ \centerdot | $\intercal$ \intercal |
| $\ltimes$ \ltimes | $\rtimes$ \rtimes | $\divideontimes$ \divideontimes |
| $\Cup$ \Cup or \doublecup | $\Cap$ \Cap or \doublecap | $\smallsetminus$ \smallsetminus |
| $\veebar$ \veebar | $\barwedge$ \barwedge | $\doublebarwedge$ \doublebarwedge |
| $\boxplus$ \boxplus | $\boxminus$ \boxminus | $\circleddash$ \circleddash |
| $\boxtimes$ \boxtimes | $\boxdot$ \boxdot | $\circledcirc$ \circledcirc |
| $\leftthreetimes$ \leftthreetimes | $\rightthreetimes$ \rightthreetimes | $\circledast$ \circledast |
| $\curlyvee$ \curlyvee | $\curlywedge$ \curlywedge | |### 1.18 AMS 其它符号$\hbar$ $\hslash$ $\Bbbk$ $\square$ $\blacksquare$ $\circledS$ $\vartriangle$ $\blacktriangle$ $\complement$ $\triangledown$ $\blacktriangledown$ $\Game$ $\lozenge$ $\blacklozenge$ $\bigstar$ $\angle$ $\measuredangle$ $\sphericalangle$ $\diagup$ $\diagdown$ $\backprime$ $\nexists$ $\Finv$ $\varnothing$ $\eth$ $\mho$ | 第1列 | 第2列 | 第3列 |
| ------------------------------ | ---------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------- |
| $\hbar$ \hbar | $\hslash$ \hslash | $\Bbbk$ \Bbbk |
| $\square$ \square | $\blacksquare$ \blacksquare | $\circledS$ \circledS |
| $\vartriangle$ \vartriangle | $\blacktriangle$ \blacktriangle | $\complement$ \complement |
| $\triangledown$ \triangledown | $\blacktriangledown$ \blacktriangledown | $\Game$ \Game |
| $\lozenge$ \lozenge | $\blacklozenge$ \blacklozenge | $\bigstar$ \bigstar |
| $\angle$ \angle | $\measuredangle$ \measuredangle | $\sphericalangle$ \sphericalangle |
| $\diagup$ \diagup | $\diagdown$ \diagdown | $\backprime$ \backprime |
| $\nexists$ \nexists | $\Finv$ \Finv | $\varnothing$ \varnothing |
| $\eth$ \eth | $\mho$ \mho | |### 1.19 数学字母$\mathrm{ABCdef}$ $\mathit{ABCdef}$ $ABCdef$ $\mathcal{ABC}$ $\mathcal{ABC}$ $\mathscr{ABC}$ $\mathfrak{ABCdef}$ $\mathbb{ABC}$ - 注:第三个例子不需要 \mathnormal{} 。| 例子 | 命令 | 所需宏包 |
| ------------------- | ------------------- | ----------------------------- |
| $\mathrm{ABCdef}$ | \mathrm{ABCdef} | |
| $\mathit{ABCdef}$ | \mathit{ABCdef} | |
| $ABCdef$ | \mathnormal{ABCdef} | |
| $\mathcal{ABC}$ | \mathcal{ABC} | |
| $\mathcal{ABC}$ | \mathcal{ABC} | mathrsfs |
| $\mathscr{ABC}$ | \mathcal{ABC} | eucal with option: mathcal or |
| | \mathscr{ABC} | eucal with option: mathscr |
| $\mathfrak{ABCdef}$ | \mathfrak{ABCdef} | eufrak |
| $\mathbb{ABC}$ | \mathbb{ABC} | amsfonts or amssymb |### 一些常用格式$$a^{b} \frac{a}{b} \int f(x)dx \int^{b}_{a} f(x)dx \bigcap^{n}_{i=1} \sum^{n}_{i=1} \prod^{n}_{i=1}$$ $$ \dot{a} \ddot{a} {a}'' {a}' \alpha \beta \gamma \delta \epsilon \varepsilon \zeta \eta \mathbb{P}\mathbb{N} \therefore \angle \measuredangle \because \pm \mp \times \cdot \ast \cap \cup $$$${\color{Red} 1}{\color{Green} 2}{\color{Blue} 3}{\color{Yellow} 4}{\color{Cyan} 5}{\color{Magenta} 6}{\color{Teal} 7}{\color{Purple} 8}{\color{DarkBlue} 9}{\color{DarkRed} 10}{\color{Orange} 11}{\color{DarkOrange} 12}{\color{Golden} 13}{\color{Pink} 14}{\color{DarkGreen} 15}{\color{Orchid} 16}{\color{Emerald} 17}$$ $$\sin \cos \tan \csc \sec \cot \sinh \cosh \tanh \coth \\ \arcsin \arccos \arctan \textrm{arccsc} \ \textrm{arcsec} \ \textrm{arccot} \sin^{-1} \cos^{-1} \tan^{-1} \sinh^{-1} \cosh^{-1} \tanh^{-1} $$ $$\exp \lg \ln \log \log_{e}\log_{10}\lim \liminf \limsup \max \min \infty \\ \arg \det \dim \gcd \hom \ker \Pr \sup$$ $$\binom{n}{r} 1 \to n \ x \mapsto x^2
\Rightarrow \Leftarrow \leftarrow \rightarrow \Leftrightarrow \leftrightarrow \leftharpoonup \rightharpoonup \rightharpoondown \leftharpoondown \leftrightharpoons \rightleftharpoons \overset{a}{\rightarrow}\widetilde{abc}\widehat{abc} \overleftarrow{abc}\overrightarrow{abc}$$ $$\begin{pmatrix}1 & 2\\ 3 & 4
\end{pmatrix}$$$$\begin{bmatrix}1 & 2\\ 3 & 4
\end{bmatrix}$$$$\begin{matrix}1 & 2\\ 3 & 4
\end{matrix}$$$$ \begin{cases}
1 & \text{ if } x=1 \\
2 & \text{ if } x=2
\end{cases}$$$$\begin{aligned}x_1 &= 1\\x_2 &= 2
\end{aligned}$$