LaTeX数学符号表

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LaTeX数学符号表

本文来源:http://www.mohu.org/info/lshort-cn.pdf 的50-56页。

下面的表格中将给出在数学模式中常用的所有符号。使用表 1.12–1.16所列出的符号,必须事先安装 AMS 数学字库并且在文档的导言区加载宏包: amssymb。如果你的系统中没有安装 AMS 宏包和数学字库,可去下述地址下载:CTAN:/tex-archive/macros/latex/required/amslatex 。

如果你的md编辑器显示错误,这里 可以正常显示

在线公式编辑网站:https://latex.codecogs.com/eqneditor/editor.php


1.1 数学模式重音符

a ^ \hat{a} a^ a ˇ \check{a} aˇ a ~ \tilde{a} a~ a ˊ \acute{a} aˊ a ˋ \grave{a} aˋ a ˙ \dot{a} a˙ a ¨ \ddot{a} a¨ a ˘ \breve{a} a˘ a ˉ \bar{a} aˉ a ⃗ \vec{a} a A ^ \widehat{A} A A ~ \widetilde{A} A

% CSDN代码块中没看见latex,所以没有高亮色彩啥的,将就着看吧。
\hat{a} \check{a} \tilde{a} \acute{a} \grave{a} \dot{a} 
\ddot{a} \breve{a} \bar{a} \vec{a} \widehat{A} \widetilde{A} 
第1列第2列第3列第4列
a ^ \hat{a} a^ \hat{a} a ˇ \check{a} aˇ \check{a} a ~ \tilde{a} a~ \tilde{a} a ˊ \acute{a} aˊ \acute{a}
a ˋ \grave{a} aˋ \grave{a} a ˙ \dot{a} a˙ \dot{a} a ¨ \ddot{a} a¨ \ddot{a} a ˘ \breve{a} a˘ \breve{a}
a ˉ \bar{a} aˉ \bar{a} a ⃗ \vec{a} a \vec{a} A ^ \widehat{A} A \widehat{A} A ~ \widetilde{A} A \widetilde{A}

1.2 小写希腊字母

α \alpha α θ \theta θ o o o υ \upsilon υ β \beta β ϑ \vartheta ϑ π \pi π ϕ \phi ϕ γ \gamma γ ι \iota ι ϖ \varpi ϖ φ \varphi φ δ \delta δ κ \kappa κ ρ \rho ρ χ \chi χ ϵ \epsilon ϵ λ \lambda λ ϱ \varrho ϱ ψ \psi ψ ε \varepsilon ε μ \mu μ σ \sigma σ ω \omega ω ζ \zeta ζ ν \nu ν ς \varsigma ς η \eta η ξ \xi ξ τ \tau τ

\alpha \theta o \upsilon \beta \vartheta \pi \phi \gamma 
\iota \varpi \varphi \delta \kappa \rho \chi \epsilon \lambda 
\varrho \psi \varepsilon \mu \sigma \omega 
\zeta \nu \varsigma \eta \xi \tau 
第1列第2列第3列第4列
α \alpha α \alpha θ \theta θ \theta o o o o υ \upsilon υ \upsilon
β \beta β \beta ϑ \vartheta ϑ \vartheta π \pi π \pi ϕ \phi ϕ \phi
γ \gamma γ \gamma ι \iota ι \iota ϖ \varpi ϖ \varpi φ \varphi φ \varphi
δ \delta δ \delta κ \kappa κ \kappa ρ \rho ρ \rho χ \chi χ \chi
ϵ \epsilon ϵ \epsilon λ \lambda λ \lambda ϱ \varrho ϱ \varrho ψ \psi ψ \psi
ε \varepsilon ε \varepsilon μ \mu μ \mu σ \sigma σ \sigma ω \omega ω \omega
ζ \zeta ζ \zeta ν \nu ν \nu ς \varsigma ς \varsigma
η \eta η \eta ξ \xi ξ \xi τ \tau τ \tau

1.3 大写希腊字母

Γ \Gamma Γ Λ \Lambda Λ Σ \Sigma Σ Ψ \Psi Ψ Δ \Delta Δ Ξ \Xi Ξ Υ \Upsilon Υ Ω \Omega Ω Θ \Theta Θ Π \Pi Π Φ \Phi Φ

\Gamma \Lambda \Sigma \Psi \Delta \Xi \Upsilon \Omega \Theta \Pi \Phi 
第1列第2列第3列第4列
Γ \Gamma Γ \Gamma Λ \Lambda Λ \Lambda Σ \Sigma Σ \Sigma Ψ \Psi Ψ \Psi
Δ \Delta Δ \Delta Ξ \Xi Ξ \Xi Υ \Upsilon Υ \Upsilon Ω \Omega Ω \Omega
Θ \Theta Θ \Theta Π \Pi Π \Pi Φ \Phi Φ \Phi

1.4 二元关系符

你可以在下述命令的前面加上 \not 来得到其否定形式。

< < < > > > = = = ≤ \leq ≥ \geq ≡ \equiv ≪ \ll ≫ \gg ≐ \doteq ≺ \prec ≻ \succ ∼ \sim ⪯ \preceq ⪰ \succeq ≃ \simeq ⊂ \subset ⊃ \supset ≈ \approx ⊆ \subseteq ⊇ \supseteq ≅ \cong ⊏ \sqsubset ⊐ \sqsupset ⋈ \Join ⊑ \sqsubseteq ⊒ \sqsupseteq ⋈ \bowtie ∈ \in ∋ \ni ∝ \propto ⊢ \vdash ⊣ \dashv ⊨ \models ∣ \mid ∥ \parallel ⊥ \perp ⌣ \smile ⌢ \frown ≍ \asymp : : : ∉ \notin / ≠ \neq =

< > = \le \ge \equiv \ll \gg \doteq \prec \succ \sim \preceq 
\succeq \simeq \subset \supset \approx \subseteq \supseteq 
\cong \sqsubset \sqsupset \Join \sqsubseteq \sqsupseteq 
\bowtie \in \owns \propto \vdash \dashv \models 
\mid \parallel \perp \smile \frown \asymp : \notin \ne 
第1列第2列第3列
< < < < > > > > = = = =
≤ \le \leq or \le ≥ \ge \geq or \ge ≡ \equiv \equiv
≪ \ll \ll ≫ \gg \gg ≐ \doteq \doteq
≺ \prec \prec ≻ \succ \succ ∼ \sim \sim
⪯ \preceq \preceq ⪰ \succeq \succeq ≃ \simeq \simeq
⊂ \subset \subset ⊃ \supset \supset ≈ \approx \approx
⊆ \subseteq \subseteq ⊇ \supseteq \supseteq ≅ \cong \cong
⊏ \sqsubset \sqsubset ⊐ \sqsupset \sqsupset ⋈ \Join \Join
⊑ \sqsubseteq \sqsubseteq ⊒ \sqsupseteq \sqsupseteq ⋈ \bowtie \bowtie
∈ \in \in ∋ \owns \ni or \owns ∝ \propto \propto
⊢ \vdash \vdash ⊣ \dashv \dashv ⊨ \models \models
∣ \mid \mid ∥ \parallel \parallel ⊥ \perp \perp
⌣ \smile \smile ⌢ \frown \frown ≍ \asymp \asymp
: : : : ∉ \notin / \notin ≠ \neq = \neq or \ne

1.5 二元运算符

+ + + − - ± \pm ± ∓ \mp ◃ \triangleleft ⋅ \cdot ÷ \div ÷ ▹ \triangleright × \times × ∖ \setminus ⋆ \star ∪ \cup ∩ \cap ∗ \ast ⊔ \sqcup ⊓ \sqcap ∘ \circ ∨ \vee ∧ \wedge ∙ \bullet ⊕ \oplus ⊖ \ominus ⋄ \diamond ⊙ \odot ⊘ \oslash ⊎ \uplus ⊗ \otimes ◯ \bigcirc ⨿ \amalg ⨿ △ \bigtriangleup ▽ \bigtriangledown † \dagger ⊲ \lhd ⊳ \rhd ‡ \ddagger ⊴ \unlhd ⊵ \unrhd ≀ \wr

\+ \- \pm \mp \triangleleft \cdot \div \triangleright \times 
\setminus \star \cup \cap \ast \sqcup \sqcap \circ \lor 
\wedge \bullet \oplus \ominus \diamond \odot 
\oslash \uplus \otimes \bigcirc \amalg \bigtriangleup 
\bigtriangledown \dagger \lhd \rhd \ddagger \unlhd \unrhd \wr 
第1列第2列第3列
+ + + + − - -
± \pm ± \pm ∓ \mp \mp ◃ \triangleleft \triangleleft
⋅ \cdot \cdot ÷ \div ÷ \div ▹ \triangleright \triangleright
× \times × \times ∖ \setminus \setminus ⋆ \star \star
∪ \cup \cup ∩ \cap \cap ∗ \ast \ast
⊔ \sqcup \sqcup ⊓ \sqcap \sqcap ∘ \circ \circ
∨ \vee \vee or \lor ∧ \wedge \wedge or \land ∙ \bullet \bullet
⊕ \oplus \oplus ⊖ \ominus \ominus ⋄ \diamond \diamond
⊙ \odot \odot ⊘ \oslash \oslash ⊎ \uplus \uplus
⊗ \otimes \otimes ◯ \bigcirc \bigcirc ⨿ \amalg ⨿ \amalg
△ \bigtriangleup \bigtriangleup ▽ \bigtriangledown \bigtriangledown † \dagger \dagger
⊲ \lhd \lhd ⊳ \rhd \rhd ‡ \ddagger \ddagger
⊴ \unlhd \unlhd ⊵ \unrhd \unrhd ≀ \wr \wr

1.6 大尺寸运算符

∑ \sum ⋃ \bigcup ⋁ \bigvee ⨁ \bigoplus ∏ \prod ⋂ \bigcap ⋀ \bigwedge ⨂ \bigotimes ∐ \coprod ⨆ \bigsqcup ⨀ \bigodot ∫ \int ∮ \oint ⨄ \biguplus

\sum \bigcup \bigvee \bigoplus \prod \bigcap \bigwedge 
\bigotimes \coprod \bigsqcup \bigodot \int \oint \biguplus 
第1列第2列第3列第4列
∑ \sum \sum ⋃ \bigcup \bigcup ⋁ \bigvee \bigvee ⨁ \bigoplus \bigoplus
∏ \prod \prod ⋂ \bigcap \bigcap ⋀ \bigwedge \bigwedge ⨂ \bigotimes \bigotimes
∐ \coprod \coprod ⨆ \bigsqcup \bigsqcup ⨀ \bigodot \bigodot
∫ \int \int ∮ \oint \oint ⨄ \biguplus \biguplus

1.7 箭头

← \gets ⟵ \longleftarrow ↑ \uparrow → \to ⟶ \longrightarrow ↓ \downarrow ↔ \leftrightarrow ⟷ \longleftrightarrow ↕ \updownarrow ⇐ \Leftarrow ⟸ \Longleftarrow ⇑ \Uparrow ⇒ \Rightarrow ⟹ \Longrightarrow ⇓ \Downarrow ⇔ \Leftrightarrow ⟺ \Longleftrightarrow ⇕ \Updownarrow ↦ \mapsto ⟼ \longmapsto ↗ \nearrow ↩ \hookleftarrow ↪ \hookrightarrow ↘ \searrow ↼ \leftharpoonup ⇀ \rightharpoonup ↙ \swarrow ↽ \leftharpoondown ⇁ \rightharpoondown ↖ \nwarrow ⇌ \rightleftharpoons ⟺ \iff ⇝ \leadsto

\leftarrow \longleftarrow \uparrow \rightarrow \longrightarrow \downarrow 
\leftrightarrow \longleftrightarrow \updownarrow \Leftarrow \Longleftarrow 
\Uparrow \Rightarrow \Longrightarrow \Downarrow \Leftrightarrow 
\Longleftrightarrow \Updownarrow \mapsto \longmapsto \nearrow 
\hookleftarrow \hookrightarrow \searrow \leftharpoonup 
\rightharpoonup \swarrow \leftharpoondown 
\rightharpoondown \nwarrow \rightleftharpoons \iff \leadsto 
第1列第2列第3列
← \leftarrow \leftarrow or \gets ⟵ \longleftarrow \longleftarrow ↑ \uparrow \uparrow
→ \rightarrow \rightarrow or \to ⟶ \longrightarrow \longrightarrow ↓ \downarrow \downarrow
↔ \leftrightarrow \leftrightarrow ⟷ \longleftrightarrow \longleftrightarrow ↕ \updownarrow \updownarrow
⇐ \Leftarrow \Leftarrow ⟸ \Longleftarrow \Longleftarrow ⇑ \Uparrow \Uparrow
⇒ \Rightarrow \Rightarrow ⟹ \Longrightarrow \Longrightarrow ⇓ \Downarrow \Downarrow
⇔ \Leftrightarrow \Leftrightarrow ⟺ \Longleftrightarrow \Longleftrightarrow ⇕ \Updownarrow \Updownarrow
↦ \mapsto \mapsto ⟼ \longmapsto \longmapsto ↗ \nearrow \nearrow
↩ \hookleftarrow \hookleftarrow ↪ \hookrightarrow \hookrightarrow ↘ \searrow \searrow
↼ \leftharpoonup \leftharpoonup ⇀ \rightharpoonup \rightharpoonup ↙ \swarrow \swarrow
↽ \leftharpoondown \leftharpoondown ⇁ \rightharpoondown \rightharpoondown ↖ \nwarrow \nwarrow
⇌ \rightleftharpoons \rightleftharpoons ⟺ \iff \iff ⇝ \leadsto \leadsto

1.8 定界符

( ( ( ) ) ) ↑ \uparrow ⇑ \Uparrow [ \lbrack [ ] \rbrack ] ↓ \downarrow ⇓ \Downarrow { \lbrace { } \rbrace } ↕ \updownarrow ⇕ \Updownarrow ⟨ \langle ⟩ \rangle ∣ \vert ∥ \Vert ⌊ \lfloor ⌋ \rfloor ⌈ \lceil ⌉ \rceil / / / \ \backslash \ ~  

( ) \uparrow \Uparrow [ ] \downarrow \Downarrow \{ \}  
\updownarrow \Updownarrow \langle \rangle \vert 
\Vert \lfloor \rfloor \lceil \rceil / \backslash ~ 

最后一个符号(dual. empty)不知道是啥。

( ( ( ( ) ) ) ) ↑ \uparrow \uparrow ⇑ \Uparrow \Uparrow
[ [ [ [ or \lbrack ] ] ] ] or \rbrack ↓ \downarrow \downarrow ⇓ \Downarrow \Downarrow
{ \{ { { or \lbrace } \} } } or \rbrace ↕ \updownarrow \updownarrow ⇕ \Updownarrow \Updownarrow
⟨ \langle \langle ⟩ \rangle \rangle$$ | or \vert
⌊ \lfloor \lfloor ⌋ \rfloor \rfloor ⌈ \lceil \lceil ⌉ \rceil \rceil
/ / / / \ \backslash \ \backslash ~   ~(不知道是啥)

1.9 大尺寸定界符

CSDN显示错误,出现报错信息,不过 jupter notebook 和 Typora 能正确显示。

⟮ \lgroup ⟯ \rgroup ⎰ \lmoustache ⎱ \rmoustache KaTeX parse error: Undefined control sequence: \Arrowvert at position 1: \̲A̲r̲r̲o̲w̲v̲e̲r̲t̲ KaTeX parse error: Undefined control sequence: \Arrowvert at position 1: \̲A̲r̲r̲o̲w̲v̲e̲r̲t̲ KaTeX parse error: Undefined control sequence: \bracevert at position 1: \̲b̲r̲a̲c̲e̲v̲e̲r̲t̲

\lgroup \rgroup \lmoustache \rmoustache \Arrowvert \Arrowvert \bracevert 
第1列第2列第3列第4列
⟮ \lgroup \lgroup ⟯ \rgroup \rgroup ⎰ \lmoustache \lmoustache ⎱ \rmoustache \rmoustache
KaTeX parse error: Undefined control sequence: \Arrowvert at position 1: \̲A̲r̲r̲o̲w̲v̲e̲r̲t̲ \ArrowvertKaTeX parse error: Undefined control sequence: \Arrowvert at position 1: \̲A̲r̲r̲o̲w̲v̲e̲r̲t̲ \ArrowvertKaTeX parse error: Undefined control sequence: \bracevert at position 1: \̲b̲r̲a̲c̲e̲v̲e̲r̲t̲ \bracevert

1.10 其它符号

… \dots ⋯ \cdots ⋮ \vdots ⋱ \ddots ℏ \hbar ı \imath ı ȷ \jmath ȷ ℓ \ell ℜ \Re ℑ \Im ℵ \aleph ℘ \wp ∀ \forall ∃ \exists ℧ \mho ∂ \partial ′ ' ′ \prime ∅ \emptyset ∞ \infty ∇ \nabla △ \triangle □ \Box ◊ \Diamond ⊥ \bot ⊤ \top ∠ \angle √ \surd ♢ \diamondsuit ♡ \heartsuit ♣ \clubsuit ♠ \spadesuit ¬ \neg ¬ ♭ \flat ♮ \natural ♯ \sharp

\dots \cdots \vdots \ddots \hbar \imath \jmath \ell \Re \Im \aleph 
\wp \forall \exists \mho \partial ' \prime \emptyset \infty \nabla 
\triangle \Box \Diamond \bot \top \angle \surd \diamondsuit 
\heartsuit \clubsuit \spadesuit \neg \flat \natural \sharp
第1列第2列第3列第4列
… \dots \dots ⋯ \cdots \cdots ⋮ \vdots \vdots ⋱ \ddots \ddots
ℏ \hbar \hbar ı \imath ı \imath ȷ \jmath ȷ \jmath ℓ \ell \ell
ℜ \Re \Re ℑ \Im \Im ℵ \aleph \aleph ℘ \wp \wp
∀ \forall \forall ∃ \exists \exists ℧ \mho \mho ∂ \partial \partial
′ ' ′ \prime \prime ∅ \emptyset \emptyset ∞ \infty \infty
∇ \nabla \nabla △ \triangle \triangle □ \Box \Box ◊ \Diamond \Diamond
⊥ \bot \bot ⊤ \top \top ∠ \angle \angle √ \surd \surd
♢ \diamondsuit \diamondsuit ♡ \heartsuit \heartsuit ♣ \clubsuit \clubsuit ♠ \spadesuit \spadesuit
¬ \neg ¬ \neg or \lnot ♭ \flat \flat ♮ \natural \natural ♯ \sharp \sharp

1.11 非数学符号

这些符号也可以在文本模式中使用。(如果你的md编辑器显示错误,这里 可以正常显示)

† \dag KaTeX parse error: Undefined control sequence: \S at position 1: \̲S̲ © \copyright c ‡ \ddag KaTeX parse error: Undefined control sequence: \P at position 1: \̲P̲ £ \pounds £

\dag \S \copyright \ddag \P \pounds
第1列第2列第3列
† \dag \dagKaTeX parse error: Undefined control sequence: \S at position 1: \̲S̲ \S © \copyright c \copyright
‡ \ddag \ddagKaTeX parse error: Undefined control sequence: \P at position 1: \̲P̲ \P £ \pounds £ \pounds

1.12 AMS 定界符

┌ \ulcorner ┐ \urcorner └ \llcorner ┘ \lrcorner ∣ \lvert ∣ \rvert ∥ \lVert ∥ \rVert

\ulcorner \urcorner \llcorner \lrcorner \lvert \rvert \lVert \rVert 
第1列第2列第3列第4列
┌ \ulcorner \ulcorner ┐ \urcorner \urcorner └ \llcorner \llcorner ┘ \lrcorner \lrcorner
∣ \lvert \lvert ∣ \rvert \rvert ∥ \lVert \lVert ∥ \rVert \rVert

1.13 AMS 希腊和希伯来字母

ϝ \digamma ϝ ϰ \varkappa ϰ ℶ \beth ℸ \daleth ℷ \gimel

\digamma \varkappa \beth \daleth \gimel
第1列第2列第3列第4列第5列
ϝ \digamma ϝ \digamma ϰ \varkappa ϰ \varkappa ℶ \beth \beth ℸ \daleth \daleth ℷ \gimel \gimel

1.14 AMS 二元关系符

⋖ \lessdot ⋗ \gtrdot ≑ \Doteq ⩽ \leqslant ⩾ \geqslant ≓ \risingdotseq ⪕ \eqslantless ⪖ \eqslantgtr ≒ \fallingdotseq ≦ \leqq ≧ \geqq ≖ \eqcirc $\lll $ ⋙ \ggg ≗ \circeq ≲ \lesssim ≳ \gtrsim ≜ \triangleq ⪅ \lessapprox ⪆ \gtrapprox ≏ \bumpeq ≶ \lessgtr ≷ \gtrless ≎ \Bumpeq ⋚ \lesseqgtr ⋛ \gtreqless ∼ \thicksim ⪋ \lesseqqgtr ⪌ \gtreqqless ≈ \thickapprox ≼ \preccurlyeq ≽ \succcurlyeq ≊ \approxeq ⋞ \curlyeqprec ⋟ \curlyeqsucc ∽ \backsim ≾ \precsim ≿ \succsim ⋍ \backsimeq ⪷ \precapprox ⪸ \succapprox ⊨ \vDash ⫅ \subseteqq ⫆ \supseteqq ⊩ \Vdash ⋐ \Subset ⋑ \Supset ⊪ \Vvdash ⊏ \sqsubset ⊐ \sqsupset ∍ \backepsilon ∴ \therefore ∵ \because ∝ \varpropto ∣ \shortmid ∥ \shortparallel ≬ \between ⌣ \smallsmile ⌢ \smallfrown ⋔ \pitchfork ⊲ \vartriangleleft ⊳ \vartriangleright ◀ \blacktriangleleft ⊴ \trianglelefteq ⊵ \trianglerighteq ▶ \blacktriangleright

\lessdot \gtrdot \Doteq \leqslant \geqslant \risingdotseq \eqslantless 
\eqslantgtr \fallingdotseq \leqq \geqq \eqcirc \llless \gggtr \circeq 
\lesssim \gtrsim \triangleq \lessapprox \gtrapprox \bumpeq 
\lessgtr \gtrless \Bumpeq \lesseqgtr \gtreqless \thicksim \lesseqqgtr 
\gtreqqless \thickapprox \preccurlyeq \succcurlyeq \approxeq 
\curlyeqprec \curlyeqsucc \backsim \precsim \succsim \backsimeq 
\precapprox \succapprox \vDash \subseteqq \supseteqq \Vdash 
\Subset \Supset \Vvdash \sqsubset \sqsupset \backepsilon 
\therefore \because \varpropto \shortmid \shortparallel \between 
\smallsmile \smallfrown \pitchfork \vartriangleleft \vartriangleright 
\blacktriangleleft \trianglelefteq \trianglerighteq \blacktriangleright 
第1列第2列第3列
⋖ \lessdot \lessdot ⋗ \gtrdot \gtrdot ≑ \Doteq \doteqdot or \Doteq
⩽ \leqslant \leqslant ⩾ \geqslant \geqslant ≓ \risingdotseq \risingdotseq
⪕ \eqslantless \eqslantless ⪖ \eqslantgtr \eqslantgtr ≒ \fallingdotseq \fallingdotseq
≦ \leqq \leqq ≧ \geqq \geqq ≖ \eqcirc \eqcirc
⋘ \llless \lll or \llless ⋙ \gggtr \ggg or \gggtr ≗ \circeq \circeq
≲ \lesssim \lesssim ≳ \gtrsim \gtrsim ≜ \triangleq \triangleq
⪅ \lessapprox \lessapprox ⪆ \gtrapprox \gtrapprox ≏ \bumpeq \bumpeq
≶ \lessgtr \lessgtr ≷ \gtrless \gtrless ≎ \Bumpeq \Bumpeq
⋚ \lesseqgtr \lesseqgtr ⋛ \gtreqless \gtreqless ∼ \thicksim \thicksim
⪋ \lesseqqgtr \lesseqqgtr ⪌ \gtreqqless \gtreqqless ≈ \thickapprox \thickapprox
≼ \preccurlyeq \preccurlyeq ≽ \succcurlyeq \succcurlyeq ≊ \approxeq \approxeq
⋞ \curlyeqprec \curlyeqprec ⋟ \curlyeqsucc \curlyeqsucc ∽ \backsim \backsim
≾ \precsim \precsim ≿ \succsim \succsim ⋍ \backsimeq \backsimeq
⪷ \precapprox \precapprox ⪸ \succapprox \succapprox ⊨ \vDash \vDash
⫅ \subseteqq \subseteqq ⫆ \supseteqq \supseteqq ⊩ \Vdash \Vdash
⋐ \Subset \Subset ⋑ \Supset \Supset ⊪ \Vvdash \Vvdash
⊏ \sqsubset \sqsubset ⊐ \sqsupset \sqsupset ∍ \backepsilon \backepsilon
∴ \therefore \therefore ∵ \because \because ∝ \varpropto \varpropto
∣ \shortmid \shortmid ∥ \shortparallel \shortparallel ≬ \between \between
⌣ \smallsmile \smallsmile ⌢ \smallfrown \smallfrown ⋔ \pitchfork \pitchfork
⊲ \vartriangleleft \vartriangleleft ⊳ \vartriangleright \vartriangleright ◀ \blacktriangleleft \blacktriangleleft
⊴ \trianglelefteq \trianglelefteq ⊵ \trianglerighteq \trianglerighteq ▶ \blacktriangleright \blacktriangleright

1.15 AMS 箭头

⇠ \dashleftarrow ⇢ \dashrightarrow ⊸ \multimap ⇇ \leftleftarrows ⇉ \rightrightarrows ⇈ \upuparrows ⇆ \leftrightarrows ⇄ \rightleftarrows ⇊ \downdownarrows ⇚ \Lleftarrow ⇛ \Rrightarrow ↿ \upharpoonleft ↞ \twoheadleftarrow ↠ \twoheadrightarrow ↾ \upharpoonright ↢ \leftarrowtail ↣ \rightarrowtail ⇃ \downharpoonleft ⇋ \leftrightharpoons ⇌ \rightleftharpoons ⇂ \downharpoonright ↰ \Lsh ↱ \Rsh ⇝ \rightsquigarrow ↫ \looparrowleft ↬ \looparrowright ↭ \leftrightsquigarrow ↶ \curvearrowleft ↷ \curvearrowright ↺ \circlearrowleft ↻ \circlearrowright

\dashleftarrow \dashrightarrow \multimap \leftleftarrows \rightrightarrows 
\upuparrows \leftrightarrows \rightleftarrows \downdownarrows \Lleftarrow 
\Rrightarrow \upharpoonleft \twoheadleftarrow \twoheadrightarrow 
\upharpoonright \leftarrowtail \rightarrowtail \downharpoonleft 
\leftrightharpoons \rightleftharpoons \downharpoonright \Lsh \Rsh 
\rightsquigarrow \looparrowleft \looparrowright \leftrightsquigarrow 
\curvearrowleft \curvearrowright \circlearrowleft \circlearrowright 
第1列第2列第3列
⇠ \dashleftarrow \dashleftarrow ⇢ \dashrightarrow \dashrightarrow ⊸ \multimap \multimap
⇇ \leftleftarrows \leftleftarrows ⇉ \rightrightarrows \rightrightarrows ⇈ \upuparrows \upuparrows
⇆ \leftrightarrows \leftrightarrows ⇄ \rightleftarrows \rightleftarrows ⇊ \downdownarrows \downdownarrows
⇚ \Lleftarrow \Lleftarrow ⇛ \Rrightarrow \Rrightarrow ↿ \upharpoonleft \upharpoonleft
↞ \twoheadleftarrow \twoheadleftarrow ↠ \twoheadrightarrow \twoheadrightarrow ↾ \upharpoonright \upharpoonright
↢ \leftarrowtail \leftarrowtail ↣ \rightarrowtail \rightarrowtail ⇃ \downharpoonleft \downharpoonleft
⇋ \leftrightharpoons \leftrightharpoons ⇌ \rightleftharpoons \rightleftharpoons ⇂ \downharpoonright \downharpoonright
↰ \Lsh \Lsh ↱ \Rsh \Rsh ⇝ \rightsquigarrow \rightsquigarrow
↫ \looparrowleft \looparrowleft ↬ \looparrowright \looparrowright ↭ \leftrightsquigarrow \leftrightsquigarrow
↶ \curvearrowleft \curvearrowleft ↷ \curvearrowright \curvearrowright
↺ \circlearrowleft \circlearrowleft ↻ \circlearrowright \circlearrowright

1.16 AMS 二元否定关系符和箭头

≮ \nless ≯ \ngtr ⫋ \varsubsetneqq ⪇ \lneq ⪈ \gneq ⫌ \varsupsetneqq ≰ \nleq ≱ \ngeq ⊈ \nsubseteqq ≰ \nleqslant ≱ \ngeqslant ⊉ \nsupseteqq ≨ \lneqq ≩ \gneqq ∤ \nmid ≨ \lvertneqq ≩ \gvertneqq ∦ \nparallel ≰ \nleqq ≱ \ngeqq ∤ \nshortmid ⋦ \lnsim ⋧ \gnsim ∦ \nshortparallel ⪉ \lnapprox ⪊ \gnapprox ≁ \nsim ⊀ \nprec ⊁ \nsucc ≆ \ncong ⋠ \npreceq ⋡ \nsucceq ⊬ \nvdash ⪵ \precneqq ⪶ \succneqq ⊭ \nvDash ⋨ \precnsim ⋩ \succnsim ⊮ \nVdash ⪹ \precnapprox ⪺ \succnapprox ⊯ \nVDash ⊊ \subsetneq ⊋ \supsetneq ⋪ \ntriangleleft ⊊ \varsubsetneq ⊋ \varsupsetneq ⋫ \ntriangleright ⊈ \nsubseteq ⊉ \nsupseteq ⋬ \ntrianglelefteq ⫋ \subsetneqq ⫌ \supsetneqq ⋭ \ntrianglerighteq ↚ \nleftarrow ↛ \nrightarrow ↮ \nleftrightarrow ⇍ \nLeftarrow ⇏ \nRightarrow ⇎ \nLeftrightarrow

\nless \ngtr \varsubsetneqq \lneq \gneq \varsupsetneqq \nleq \ngeq 
\nsubseteqq \nleqslant \ngeqslant \nsupseteqq \lneqq \gneqq \nmid 
\lvertneqq \gvertneqq \nparallel \nleqq \ngeqq \nshortmid \lnsim 
\gnsim \nshortparallel \lnapprox \gnapprox \nsim \nprec \nsucc 
\ncong \npreceq \nsucceq \nvdash \precneqq \succneqq \nvDash 
\precnsim \succnsim \nVdash \precnapprox \succnapprox \nVDash 
\subsetneq \supsetneq \ntriangleleft \varsubsetneq \varsupsetneq 
\ntriangleright \nsubseteq \nsupseteq \ntrianglelefteq \subsetneqq 
\supsetneqq \ntrianglerighteq \nleftarrow \nrightarrow \nleftrightarrow 
\nLeftarrow \nRightarrow \nLeftrightarrow 
第1列第2列第3列
≮ \nless \nless ≯ \ngtr \ngtr ⫋ \varsubsetneqq \varsubsetneqq
⪇ \lneq \lneq ⪈ \gneq \gneq ⫌ \varsupsetneqq \varsupsetneqq
≰ \nleq \nleq ≱ \ngeq \ngeq ⊈ \nsubseteqq \nsubseteqq
≰ \nleqslant \nleqslant ≱ \ngeqslant \ngeqslant ⊉ \nsupseteqq \nsupseteqq
≨ \lneqq \lneqq ≩ \gneqq \gneqq ∤ \nmid \nmid
≨ \lvertneqq \lvertneqq ≩ \gvertneqq \gvertneqq ∦ \nparallel \nparallel
≰ \nleqq \nleqq ≱ \ngeqq \ngeqq ∤ \nshortmid \nshortmid
⋦ \lnsim \lnsim ⋧ \gnsim \gnsim ∦ \nshortparallel \nshortparallel
⪉ \lnapprox \lnapprox ⪊ \gnapprox \gnapprox ≁ \nsim \nsim
⊀ \nprec \nprec ⊁ \nsucc \nsucc ≆ \ncong \ncong
⋠ \npreceq \npreceq ⋡ \nsucceq \nsucceq ⊬ \nvdash \nvdash
⪵ \precneqq \precneqq ⪶ \succneqq \succneqq ⊭ \nvDash \nvDash
⋨ \precnsim \precnsim ⋩ \succnsim \succnsim ⊮ \nVdash \nVdash
⪹ \precnapprox \precnapprox ⪺ \succnapprox \succnapprox ⊯ \nVDash \nVDash
⊊ \subsetneq \subsetneq ⊋ \supsetneq \supsetneq ⋪ \ntriangleleft \ntriangleleft
⊊ \varsubsetneq \varsubsetneq ⊋ \varsupsetneq \varsupsetneq ⋫ \ntriangleright \ntriangleright
⊈ \nsubseteq \nsubseteq ⊉ \nsupseteq \nsupseteq ⋬ \ntrianglelefteq \ntrianglelefteq
⫋ \subsetneqq \subsetneqq ⫌ \supsetneqq \supsetneqq ⋭ \ntrianglerighteq \ntrianglerighteq
↚ \nleftarrow \nleftarrow ↛ \nrightarrow \nrightarrow ↮ \nleftrightarrow \nleftrightarrow
⇍ \nLeftarrow \nLeftarrow ⇏ \nRightarrow \nRightarrow ⇎ \nLeftrightarrow \nLeftrightarrow

1.17 AMS 二元运算符

∔ \dotplus ⋅ \centerdot ⊺ \intercal ⋉ \ltimes ⋊ \rtimes ⋇ \divideontimes ⋓ \Cup ⋒ \Cap ∖ \smallsetminus ⊻ \veebar ⊼ \barwedge ⩞ \doublebarwedge ⊞ \boxplus ⊟ \boxminus ⊝ \circleddash ⊠ \boxtimes ⊡ \boxdot ⊚ \circledcirc ⋋ \leftthreetimes ⋌ \rightthreetimes ⊛ \circledast ⋎ \curlyvee ⋏ \curlywedge

\dotplus \centerdot \intercal \ltimes \rtimes \divideontimes \Cup \Cap 
\smallsetminus \veebar \barwedge \doublebarwedge \boxplus 
\boxminus \circleddash \boxtimes \boxdot \circledcirc \leftthreetimes 
\rightthreetimes \circledast \curlyvee \curlywedge 
第1列第2列第3列
∔ \dotplus \dotplus ⋅ \centerdot \centerdot ⊺ \intercal \intercal
⋉ \ltimes \ltimes ⋊ \rtimes \rtimes ⋇ \divideontimes \divideontimes
⋓ \Cup \Cup or \doublecup ⋒ \Cap \Cap or \doublecap ∖ \smallsetminus \smallsetminus
⊻ \veebar \veebar ⊼ \barwedge \barwedge ⩞ \doublebarwedge \doublebarwedge
⊞ \boxplus \boxplus ⊟ \boxminus \boxminus ⊝ \circleddash \circleddash
⊠ \boxtimes \boxtimes ⊡ \boxdot \boxdot ⊚ \circledcirc \circledcirc
⋋ \leftthreetimes \leftthreetimes ⋌ \rightthreetimes \rightthreetimes ⊛ \circledast \circledast
⋎ \curlyvee \curlyvee ⋏ \curlywedge \curlywedge

1.18 AMS 其它符号

ℏ \hbar ℏ \hslash k \Bbbk k □ \square ■ \blacksquare Ⓢ \circledS △ \vartriangle ▲ \blacktriangle ∁ \complement ▽ \triangledown ▼ \blacktriangledown ⅁ \Game ◊ \lozenge ⧫ \blacklozenge ★ \bigstar ∠ \angle ∡ \measuredangle ∢ \sphericalangle ╱ \diagup ╲ \diagdown ‵ \backprime ∄ \nexists Ⅎ \Finv ∅ \varnothing ð \eth ð ℧ \mho

\hbar \hslash \Bbbk \square \blacksquare \circledS \vartriangle 
\blacktriangle \complement \triangledown \blacktriangledown 
\Game \lozenge \blacklozenge \bigstar \angle \measuredangle 
\sphericalangle \diagup \diagdown \backprime 
\nexists \Finv \varnothing \eth \mho
第1列第2列第3列
ℏ \hbar \hbar ℏ \hslash \hslash k \Bbbk k \Bbbk
□ \square \square ■ \blacksquare \blacksquare Ⓢ \circledS \circledS
△ \vartriangle \vartriangle ▲ \blacktriangle \blacktriangle ∁ \complement \complement
▽ \triangledown \triangledown ▼ \blacktriangledown \blacktriangledown ⅁ \Game \Game
◊ \lozenge \lozenge ⧫ \blacklozenge \blacklozenge ★ \bigstar \bigstar
∠ \angle \angle ∡ \measuredangle \measuredangle ∢ \sphericalangle \sphericalangle
╱ \diagup \diagup ╲ \diagdown \diagdown ‵ \backprime \backprime
∄ \nexists \nexists Ⅎ \Finv \Finv ∅ \varnothing \varnothing
ð \eth ð \eth ℧ \mho \mho

1.19 数学字母

A B C d e f \mathrm{ABCdef} ABCdef A B C d e f \mathit{ABCdef} ABCdef A B C d e f ABCdef ABCdef A B C \mathcal{ABC} ABC A B C \mathcal{ABC} ABC A B C \mathscr{ABC} ABC A B C d e f \mathfrak{ABCdef} ABCdef A B C \mathbb{ABC} ABC

\mathrm{ABCdef} \mathit{ABCdef} \mathnormal{ABCdef} 
\mathcal{ABC} \mathcal{ABC} \mathcal{ABC} 
\mathscr{ABC} \mathfrak{ABCdef} \mathbb{ABC} 
  • 注:第三个例子不需要 \mathnormal{} 。
例子命令所需宏包
A B C d e f \mathrm{ABCdef} ABCdef\mathrm{ABCdef}
A B C d e f \mathit{ABCdef} ABCdef\mathit{ABCdef}
A B C d e f ABCdef ABCdef\mathnormal{ABCdef}
A B C \mathcal{ABC} ABC\mathcal{ABC}
A B C \mathcal{ABC} ABC\mathcal{ABC}mathrsfs
A B C \mathscr{ABC} ABC\mathcal{ABC}eucal with option: mathcal or
\mathscr{ABC}eucal with option: mathscr
A B C d e f \mathfrak{ABCdef} ABCdef\mathfrak{ABCdef}eufrak
A B C \mathbb{ABC} ABC\mathbb{ABC}amsfonts or amssymb

一些常用格式

a b a b ∫ f ( x ) d x ∫ a b f ( x ) d x ⋂ i = 1 n ∑ i = 1 n ∏ i = 1 n a^{b} \frac{a}{b} \int f(x)dx \int^{b}_{a} f(x)dx \bigcap^{n}_{i=1} \sum^{n}_{i=1} \prod^{n}_{i=1} abbaf(x)dxabf(x)dxi=1ni=1ni=1n

a^{b}   \frac{a}{b} \int f(x)dx \int^{b}_{a} f(x)dx 
\bigcap^{n}_{i=1}  \sum^{n}_{i=1} \prod^{n}_{i=1}

a ˙ a ¨ a ′ ′ a ′ α β γ δ ϵ ε ζ η P N ∴ ∠ ∡ ∵ ± ∓ × ⋅ ∗ ∩ ∪ \dot{a} \ddot{a} {a}'' {a}' \alpha \beta \gamma \delta \epsilon \varepsilon \zeta \eta \mathbb{P}\mathbb{N} \therefore \angle \measuredangle \because \pm \mp \times \cdot \ast \cap \cup a˙a¨aaαβγδϵεζηPN±×

\dot{a} \ddot{a}{a}''{a}'\alpha \beta \gamma \delta \epsilon \varepsilon 
\zeta \eta \mathbb{P}\mathbb{N} \therefore \angle \measuredangle 
\because \pm \mp \times \cdot \ast \cap \cup

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 {\color{Red} 1}{\color{Green} 2}{\color{Blue} 3}{\color{Yellow} 4}{\color{Cyan} 5}{\color{Magenta} 6}{\color{Teal} 7}{\color{Purple} 8}{\color{DarkBlue} 9}{\color{DarkRed} 10}{\color{Orange} 11}{\color{DarkOrange} 12}{\color{Golden} 13}{\color{Pink} 14}{\color{DarkGreen} 15}{\color{Orchid} 16}{\color{Emerald} 17} 1234567891011121314151617

{\color{Red} 1}{\color{Green} 2}{\color{Blue} 3}{\color{Yellow} 4}
{\color{Cyan} 5}{\color{Magenta} 6}{\color{Teal} 7}{\color{Purple} 8}
{\color{DarkBlue} 9}{\color{DarkRed} 10}{\color{Orange} 11}
{\color{DarkOrange} 12}{\color{Golden} 13}{\color{Pink} 14}
{\color{DarkGreen} 15}{\color{Orchid} 16}{\color{Emerald} 17}

sin ⁡ cos ⁡ tan ⁡ csc ⁡ sec ⁡ cot ⁡ sinh ⁡ cosh ⁡ tanh ⁡ coth ⁡ arcsin ⁡ arccos ⁡ arctan ⁡ arccsc arcsec arccot sin ⁡ − 1 cos ⁡ − 1 tan ⁡ − 1 sinh ⁡ − 1 cosh ⁡ − 1 tanh ⁡ − 1 \sin \cos \tan \csc \sec \cot \sinh \cosh \tanh \coth \\ \arcsin \arccos \arctan \textrm{arccsc} \ \textrm{arcsec} \ \textrm{arccot} \sin^{-1} \cos^{-1} \tan^{-1} \sinh^{-1} \cosh^{-1} \tanh^{-1} sincostancscseccotsinhcoshtanhcotharcsinarccosarctanarccsc arcsec arccotsin1cos1tan1sinh1cosh1tanh1

\sin \cos \tan \csc \sec \cot \sinh \cosh \tanh \coth \\ \arcsin \arccos 
\arctan \textrm{arccsc} \ \textrm{arcsec} \ \textrm{arccot} 
\sin^{-1} \cos^{-1} \tan^{-1} \sinh^{-1} \cosh^{-1} \tanh^{-1}

exp ⁡ lg ⁡ ln ⁡ log ⁡ log ⁡ e log ⁡ 10 lim ⁡ lim inf ⁡ lim sup ⁡ max ⁡ min ⁡ ∞ arg ⁡ det ⁡ dim ⁡ gcd ⁡ hom ⁡ ker ⁡ Pr ⁡ sup ⁡ \exp \lg \ln \log \log_{e}\log_{10}\lim \liminf \limsup \max \min \infty \\ \arg \det \dim \gcd \hom \ker \Pr \sup explglnloglogelog10limliminflimsupmaxminargdetdimgcdhomkerPrsup

\exp \lg \ln \log \log_{e}\log_{10}\lim \liminf \limsup \max \min 
\infty \\ \arg \det \dim \gcd \hom \ker \Pr \sup

( n r ) 1 → n x ↦ x 2 ⇒ ⇐ ← → ⇔ ↔ ↼ ⇀ ⇁ ↽ ⇋ ⇌ → a a b c ~ a b c ^ a b c ← a b c → \binom{n}{r} 1 \to n \ x \mapsto x^2 \Rightarrow \Leftarrow \leftarrow \rightarrow \Leftrightarrow \leftrightarrow \leftharpoonup \rightharpoonup \rightharpoondown \leftharpoondown \leftrightharpoons \rightleftharpoons \overset{a}{\rightarrow}\widetilde{abc}\widehat{abc} \overleftarrow{abc}\overrightarrow{abc} (rn)1n xx2aabc abc abc abc

\binom{n}{r} 1 \to n \ x \mapsto x^2 
\Rightarrow \Leftarrow \leftarrow \rightarrow \Leftrightarrow 
\leftrightarrow \leftharpoonup \rightharpoonup \rightharpoondown 
\leftharpoondown \leftrightharpoons \rightleftharpoons \overset{a}
{\rightarrow}\widetilde{abc}\widehat{abc} 
\overleftarrow{abc}\overrightarrow{abc}

( 1 2 3 4 ) \begin{pmatrix} 1 & 2\\ 3 & 4 \end{pmatrix} (1324)

[ 1 2 3 4 ] \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 2\\ 3 & 4 \end{bmatrix} [1324]

1 2 3 4 \begin{matrix} 1 & 2\\ 3 & 4 \end{matrix} 1324

{ 1 if  x = 1 2 if  x = 2 \begin{cases} 1 & \text{ if } x=1 \\ 2 & \text{ if } x=2 \end{cases} {12 if x=1 if x=2

x 1 = 1 x 2 = 2 \begin{aligned} x_1 &= 1\\ x_2 &= 2 \end{aligned} x1x2=1=2

% CSDN中不能一个 $$数学公式$$ 显示多个矩阵吗?
\begin{pmatrix}1 & 2\\ 3 & 4
\end{pmatrix}\begin{bmatrix}1 & 2\\ 3 & 4
\end{bmatrix}\begin{matrix}1 & 2\\ 3 & 4\
\end{matrix}
\\ 
\begin{cases}
1 & \text{ if } x=1 \\ 
2 & \text{ if } x=2 
\end{cases}
\\
\begin{aligned}x_1 &= 1\\x_2 &= 2
\end{aligned}

正文完


本文源码

 ## LaTeX数学符号表**本文来源**:[http://www.mohu.org/info/lshort-cn.pdf](http://www.mohu.org/info/lshort-cn.pdf) 的50-56页。下面的表格中将给出在数学模式中常用的所有符号。使用表 1.12–1.16所列出的符号,必须事先安装 AMS 数学字库并且在文档的导言区加载宏包: amssymb。如果你的系统中没有安装 AMS 宏包和数学字库,可去下述地址下载:[CTAN:/tex-archive/macros/latex/required/amslatex](https://www.ctan.org/pkg/amslatex) 。**如果你的md编辑器显示错误,[这里](https://latex.codecogs.com/eqneditor/editor.php) 可以正常显示**。**在线公式编辑网站**:[https://latex.codecogs.com/eqneditor/editor.php](https://latex.codecogs.com/eqneditor/editor.php)  ----
### 1.1 数学模式重音符 $\hat{a}$ $\check{a}$ $\tilde{a}$ $\acute{a}$ $\grave{a}$ $\dot{a}$ $\ddot{a}$ $\breve{a}$ $\bar{a}$ $\vec{a}$ $\widehat{A}$ $\widetilde{A}$ | 第1列                  | 第2列                  | 第3列                      | 第4列                          |
| ---------------------- | ---------------------- | -------------------------- | ------------------------------ |
| $\hat{a}$  \hat{a}     | $\check{a}$  \check{a} | $\tilde{a}$  \tilde{a}     | $\acute{a}$  \acute{a}         |
| $\grave{a}$  \grave{a} | $\dot{a}$  \dot{a}     | $\ddot{a}$  \ddot{a}       | $\breve{a}$  \breve{a}         |
| $\bar{a}$  \bar{a}     | $\vec{a}$  \vec{a}     | $\widehat{A}$  \widehat{A} | $\widetilde{A}$  \widetilde{A} |### 1.2 小写希腊字母$\alpha$ $\theta$ $o$ $\upsilon$ $\beta$ $\vartheta$ $\pi$ $\phi$ $\gamma$ $\iota$ $\varpi$ $\varphi$ $\delta$ $\kappa$ $\rho$ $\chi$ $\epsilon$ $\lambda$ $\varrho$ $\psi$ $\varepsilon$ $\mu$ $\sigma$ $\omega$ $\zeta$ $\nu$ $\varsigma$ $\eta$ $\xi$ $\tau$ | 第1列                      | 第2列                  | 第3列                  | 第4列                |
| -------------------------- | ---------------------- | ---------------------- | -------------------- |
| $\alpha$  \alpha           | $\theta$  \theta       | $o$  o                 | $\upsilon$  \upsilon |
| $\beta$  \beta             | $\vartheta$  \vartheta | $\pi$  \pi             | $\phi$  \phi         |
| $\gamma$  \gamma           | $\iota$  \iota         | $\varpi$  \varpi       | $\varphi$  \varphi   |
| $\delta$  \delta           | $\kappa$  \kappa       | $\rho$  \rho           | $\chi$  \chi         |
| $\epsilon$  \epsilon       | $\lambda$  \lambda     | $\varrho$  \varrho     | $\psi$  \psi         |
| $\varepsilon$  \varepsilon | $\mu$  \mu             | $\sigma$  \sigma       | $\omega$  \omega     |
| $\zeta$  \zeta             | $\nu$  \nu             | $\varsigma$  \varsigma |                      |
| $\eta$  \eta               | $\xi$  \xi             | $\tau$  \tau           |                      |### 1.3 大写希腊字母$\Gamma$ $\Lambda$ $\Sigma$ $\Psi$ $\Delta$ $\Xi$ $\Upsilon$ $\Omega$ $\Theta$ $\Pi$ $\Phi$ | 第1列            | 第2列              | 第3列                | 第4列            |
| ---------------- | ------------------ | -------------------- | ---------------- |
| $\Gamma$  \Gamma | $\Lambda$  \Lambda | $\Sigma$  \Sigma     | $\Psi$  \Psi     |
| $\Delta$  \Delta | $\Xi$  \Xi         | $\Upsilon$  \Upsilon | $\Omega$  \Omega |
| $\Theta$  \Theta | $\Pi$  \Pi         | $\Phi$  \Phi         |                  |### 1.4 二元关系符你可以在下述命令的前面加上 \not 来得到其否定形式。$<$ $>$ $=$ $\leq$ $\geq$ $\equiv$ $\ll$ $\gg$ $\doteq$ $\prec$ $\succ$ $\sim$ $\preceq$ $\succeq$ $\simeq$ $\subset$ $\supset$ $\approx$ $\subseteq$ $\supseteq$ $\cong$ $\sqsubset$ $\sqsupset$ $\Join$ $\sqsubseteq$ $\sqsupseteq$ $\bowtie$ $\in$ $\ni$ $\propto$ $\vdash$ $\dashv$ $\models$ $\mid$ $\parallel$ $\perp$ $\smile$ $\frown$ $\asymp$ $:$ $\notin$ $\neq$ | 第1列                      | 第2列                      | 第3列               |
| -------------------------- | -------------------------- | ------------------- |
| $<$  <                     | $>$  >                     | $=$  =              |
| $\le$  \leq or \le         | $\ge$  \geq or \ge         | $\equiv$  \equiv    |
| $\ll$  \ll                 | $\gg$  \gg                 | $\doteq$  \doteq    |
| $\prec$  \prec             | $\succ$  \succ             | $\sim$  \sim        |
| $\preceq$  \preceq         | $\succeq$  \succeq         | $\simeq$  \simeq    |
| $\subset$  \subset         | $\supset$  \supset         | $\approx$  \approx  |
| $\subseteq$  \subseteq     | $\supseteq$  \supseteq     | $\cong$  \cong      |
| $\sqsubset$  \sqsubset     | $\sqsupset$  \sqsupset     | $\Join$  \Join      |
| $\sqsubseteq$  \sqsubseteq | $\sqsupseteq$  \sqsupseteq | $\bowtie$  \bowtie  |
| $\in$  \in                 | $\owns$  \ni or \owns      | $\propto$  \propto  |
| $\vdash$  \vdash           | $\dashv$  \dashv           | $\models$  \models  |
| $\mid$  \mid               | $\parallel$  \parallel     | $\perp$  \perp      |
| $\smile$  \smile           | $\frown$  \frown           | $\asymp$  \asymp    |
| $:$  :                     | $\notin$  \notin           | $\neq$  \neq or \ne |### 1.5 二元运算符$+$ $-$ $\pm$ $\mp$ $\triangleleft$ $\cdot$ $\div$ $\triangleright$ $\times$ $\setminus$ $\star$ $\cup$ $\cap$ $\ast$ $\sqcup$ $\sqcap$ $\circ$ $\vee$ $\wedge$ $\bullet$ $\oplus$ $\ominus$ $\diamond$ $\odot$ $\oslash$ $\uplus$ $\otimes$ $\bigcirc$ $\amalg$ $\bigtriangleup$ $\bigtriangledown$ $\dagger$ $\lhd$ $\rhd$ $\ddagger$ $\unlhd$ $\unrhd$ $\wr$ | 第1列                            | 第2列                                | 第3列                            |
| -------------------------------- | ------------------------------------ | -------------------------------- |
| $+$  +                           | $-$  -                               |                                  |
| $\pm$  \pm                       | $\mp$  \mp                           | $\triangleleft$  \triangleleft   |
| $\cdot$  \cdot                   | $\div$  \div                         | $\triangleright$  \triangleright |
| $\times$  \times                 | $\setminus$  \setminus               | $\star$  \star                   |
| $\cup$  \cup                     | $\cap$  \cap                         | $\ast$  \ast                     |
| $\sqcup$  \sqcup                 | $\sqcap$  \sqcap                     | $\circ$  \circ                   |
| $\vee$  \vee or \lor             | $\wedge$  \wedge or \land            | $\bullet$  \bullet               |
| $\oplus$  \oplus                 | $\ominus$  \ominus                   | $\diamond$  \diamond             |
| $\odot$  \odot                   | $\oslash$  \oslash                   | $\uplus$  \uplus                 |
| $\otimes$  \otimes               | $\bigcirc$  \bigcirc                 | $\amalg$  \amalg                 |
| $\bigtriangleup$  \bigtriangleup | $\bigtriangledown$  \bigtriangledown | $\dagger$  \dagger               |
| $\lhd$  \lhd                     | $\rhd$  \rhd                         | $\ddagger$  \ddagger             |
| $\unlhd$  \unlhd                 | $\unrhd$  \unrhd                     | $\wr$  \wr                       |### 1.6 大尺寸运算符$\sum$ $\bigcup$ $\bigvee$ $\bigoplus$ $\prod$ $\bigcap$ $\bigwedge$ $\bigotimes$ $\coprod$ $\bigsqcup$  $\bigodot$ $\int$ $\oint$ $\biguplus$ | 第1列              | 第2列                  | 第3列                  | 第4列                    |
| ------------------ | ---------------------- | ---------------------- | ------------------------ |
| $\sum$  \sum       | $\bigcup$  \bigcup     | $\bigvee$  \bigvee     | $\bigoplus$  \bigoplus   |
| $\prod$  \prod     | $\bigcap$  \bigcap     | $\bigwedge$  \bigwedge | $\bigotimes$  \bigotimes |
| $\coprod$  \coprod | $\bigsqcup$  \bigsqcup |                        | $\bigodot$  \bigodot     |
| $\int$  \int       | $\oint$  \oint         |                        | $\biguplus$  \biguplus   |### 1.7 箭头$\gets$ $\longleftarrow$ $\uparrow$ $\to$ $\longrightarrow$ $\downarrow$ $\leftrightarrow$ $\longleftrightarrow$ $\updownarrow$ $\Leftarrow$ $\Longleftarrow$ $\Uparrow$ $\Rightarrow$ $\Longrightarrow$ $\Downarrow$ $\Leftrightarrow$ $\Longleftrightarrow$ $\Updownarrow$ $\mapsto$ $\longmapsto$ $\nearrow$ $\hookleftarrow$ $\hookrightarrow$ $\searrow$ $\leftharpoonup$ $\rightharpoonup$ $\swarrow$ $\leftharpoondown$ $\rightharpoondown$ $\nwarrow$ $\rightleftharpoons$ $\iff$ $\leadsto$ | 第1列                                    | 第2列                                      | 第3列                        |
| ---------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------ | ---------------------------- |
| $\leftarrow$  \leftarrow or \gets        | $\longleftarrow$  \longleftarrow           | $\uparrow$  \uparrow         |
| $\rightarrow$  \rightarrow or \to        | $\longrightarrow$  \longrightarrow         | $\downarrow$  \downarrow     |
| $\leftrightarrow$  \leftrightarrow       | $\longleftrightarrow$  \longleftrightarrow | $\updownarrow$  \updownarrow |
| $\Leftarrow$  \Leftarrow                 | $\Longleftarrow$  \Longleftarrow           | $\Uparrow$  \Uparrow         |
| $\Rightarrow$  \Rightarrow               | $\Longrightarrow$  \Longrightarrow         | $\Downarrow$  \Downarrow     |
| $\Leftrightarrow$  \Leftrightarrow       | $\Longleftrightarrow$  \Longleftrightarrow | $\Updownarrow$  \Updownarrow |
| $\mapsto$  \mapsto                       | $\longmapsto$  \longmapsto                 | $\nearrow$  \nearrow         |
| $\hookleftarrow$  \hookleftarrow         | $\hookrightarrow$  \hookrightarrow         | $\searrow$  \searrow         |
| $\leftharpoonup$  \leftharpoonup         | $\rightharpoonup$  \rightharpoonup         | $\swarrow$  \swarrow         |
| $\leftharpoondown$  \leftharpoondown     | $\rightharpoondown$  \rightharpoondown     | $\nwarrow$  \nwarrow         |
| $\rightleftharpoons$  \rightleftharpoons | $\iff$  \iff                               | $\leadsto$  \leadsto         |### 1.8 定界符$($ $)$ $\uparrow$ $\Uparrow$ $\lbrack$ $\rbrack$ $\downarrow$ $\Downarrow$ $\lbrace$ $\rbrace$ $\updownarrow$ $\Updownarrow$ $\langle$ $\rangle$ $\vert$ $\Vert$ $\lfloor$ $\rfloor$ $\lceil$ $\rceil$ $/$ $\backslash$ $~$最后一个符号(dual. empty)不知道是啥。| $($  (              | $)$  )                   | $\uparrow$  \uparrow         | $\Uparrow$  \Uparrow         |
| ------------------- | ------------------------ | ---------------------------- | ---------------------------- |
| $[$  [ or \lbrack   | $]$  ] or \rbrack        | $\downarrow$  \downarrow     | $\Downarrow$  \Downarrow     |
| $\{$  \{ or \lbrace | $\}$  \} or \rbrace      | $\updownarrow$  \updownarrow | $\Updownarrow$  \Updownarrow |
| $\langle$  \langle  | $\rangle$  \rangle       | $|$  \| or \vert             | $\|$  \\| or \Vert           |
| $\lfloor$  \lfloor  | $\rfloor$  \rfloor       | $\lceil$  \lceil             | $\rceil$  \rceil             |
| $/$  /              | $\backslash$  \backslash | $~$ ~(不知道是啥)            |                              |### 1.9 大尺寸定界符
CSDN显示错误,出现报错信息,不过 jupter notebook 和 Typora 能正确显示。$\lgroup$ $\rgroup$ $\lmoustache$ $\rmoustache$ $\Arrowvert$ $\Arrowvert$ $\bracevert$ | 第1列                    | 第2列                    | 第3列                      | 第4列                      |
| ------------------------ | ------------------------ | -------------------------- | -------------------------- |
| $\lgroup$  \lgroup       | $\rgroup$  \rgroup       | $\lmoustache$  \lmoustache | $\rmoustache$  \rmoustache |
| $\Arrowvert$  \Arrowvert | $\Arrowvert$  \Arrowvert | $\bracevert$  \bracevert   |                            |### 1.10 其它符号$\dots$ $\cdots$ $\vdots$ $\ddots$ $\hbar$ $\imath$ $\jmath$ $\ell$ $\Re$ $\Im$ $\aleph$ $\wp$ $\forall$ $\exists$ $\mho$ $\partial$ $'$ $\prime$ $\emptyset$ $\infty$ $\nabla$ $\triangle$ $\Box$ $\Diamond$ $\bot$ $\top$ $\angle$ $\surd$ $\diamondsuit$ $\heartsuit$ $\clubsuit$ $\spadesuit$ $\neg$ $\flat$ $\natural$ $\sharp$ | 第1列                        | 第2列                    | 第3列                  | 第4列                    |
| ---------------------------- | ------------------------ | ---------------------- | ------------------------ |
| $\dots$  \dots               | $\cdots$  \cdots         | $\vdots$  \vdots       | $\ddots$  \ddots         |
| $\hbar$  \hbar               | $\imath$  \imath         | $\jmath$  \jmath       | $\ell$  \ell             |
| $\Re$  \Re                   | $\Im$  \Im               | $\aleph$  \aleph       | $\wp$  \wp               |
| $\forall$  \forall           | $\exists$  \exists       | $\mho$  \mho           | $\partial$  \partial     |
| $'$  '                       | $\prime$  \prime         | $\emptyset$  \emptyset | $\infty$  \infty         |
| $\nabla$  \nabla             | $\triangle$  \triangle   | $\Box$  \Box           | $\Diamond$  \Diamond     |
| $\bot$  \bot                 | $\top$  \top             | $\angle$  \angle       | $\surd$  \surd           |
| $\diamondsuit$  \diamondsuit | $\heartsuit$  \heartsuit | $\clubsuit$  \clubsuit | $\spadesuit$  \spadesuit |
| $\neg$  \neg or \lnot        | $\flat$  \flat           | $\natural$  \natural   | $\sharp$  \sharp         |### 1.11 非数学符号这些符号也可以在文本模式中使用。(如果你的md编辑器显示错误,[这里](https://latex.codecogs.com/eqneditor/editor.php) 可以正常显示)$\dag$ $\S$ $\copyright$ $\ddag$ $\P$ $\pounds$ | 第1列          | 第2列    | 第3列                    |
| -------------- | -------- | ------------------------ |
| $\dag$  \dag   | $\S$  \S | $\copyright$  \copyright |
| $\ddag$  \ddag | $\P$  \P | $\pounds$  \pounds       |### 1.12 AMS 定界符$\ulcorner$ $\urcorner$ $\llcorner$ $\lrcorner$ $\lvert$ $\rvert$ $\lVert$ $\rVert$ | 第1列                  | 第2列                  | 第3列                  | 第4列                  |
| ---------------------- | ---------------------- | ---------------------- | ---------------------- |
| $\ulcorner$  \ulcorner | $\urcorner$  \urcorner | $\llcorner$  \llcorner | $\lrcorner$  \lrcorner |
| $\lvert$  \lvert       | $\rvert$  \rvert       | $\lVert$  \lVert       | $\rVert$  \rVert       |### 1.13 AMS 希腊和希伯来字母$\digamma$ $\varkappa$ $\beth$ $\daleth$ $\gimel$ | 第1列                | 第2列                  | 第3列          | 第4列              | 第5列            |
| -------------------- | ---------------------- | -------------- | ------------------ | ---------------- |
| $\digamma$  \digamma | $\varkappa$  \varkappa | $\beth$  \beth | $\daleth$  \daleth | $\gimel$  \gimel |### 1.14 AMS 二元关系符$\lessdot$ $\gtrdot$ $\Doteq$ $\leqslant$ $\geqslant$ $\risingdotseq$ $\eqslantless$ $\eqslantgtr$ $\fallingdotseq$ $\leqq$ $\geqq$ $\eqcirc$ $\lll $ $\ggg$ $\circeq$ $\lesssim$ $\gtrsim$ $\triangleq$ $\lessapprox$ $\gtrapprox$ $\bumpeq$ $\lessgtr$ $\gtrless$ $\Bumpeq$ $\lesseqgtr$ $\gtreqless$ $\thicksim$ $\lesseqqgtr$ $\gtreqqless$ $\thickapprox$ $\preccurlyeq$ $\succcurlyeq$ $\approxeq$ $\curlyeqprec$ $\curlyeqsucc$ $\backsim$ $\precsim$ $\succsim$ $\backsimeq$ $\precapprox$ $\succapprox$ $\vDash$ $\subseteqq$ $\supseteqq$ $\Vdash$ $\Subset$ $\Supset$ $\Vvdash$ $\sqsubset$ $\sqsupset$ $\backepsilon$ $\therefore$ $\because$ $\varpropto$ $\shortmid$ $\shortparallel$ $\between$ $\smallsmile$ $\smallfrown$ $\pitchfork$ $\vartriangleleft$ $\vartriangleright$ $\blacktriangleleft$ $\trianglelefteq$ $\trianglerighteq$ $\blacktriangleright$ | 第1列                                | 第2列                                  | 第3列                                      |
| ------------------------------------ | -------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------ |
| $\lessdot$  \lessdot                 | $\gtrdot$  \gtrdot                     | $\Doteq$  \doteqdot or \Doteq              |
| $\leqslant$  \leqslant               | $\geqslant$  \geqslant                 | $\risingdotseq$  \risingdotseq             |
| $\eqslantless$  \eqslantless         | $\eqslantgtr$  \eqslantgtr             | $\fallingdotseq$  \fallingdotseq           |
| $\leqq$  \leqq                       | $\geqq$  \geqq                         | $\eqcirc$  \eqcirc                         |
| $\llless$  \lll or \llless           | $\gggtr$  \ggg or \gggtr               | $\circeq$  \circeq                         |
| $\lesssim$  \lesssim                 | $\gtrsim$  \gtrsim                     | $\triangleq$  \triangleq                   |
| $\lessapprox$  \lessapprox           | $\gtrapprox$  \gtrapprox               | $\bumpeq$  \bumpeq                         |
| $\lessgtr$  \lessgtr                 | $\gtrless$  \gtrless                   | $\Bumpeq$  \Bumpeq                         |
| $\lesseqgtr$  \lesseqgtr             | $\gtreqless$  \gtreqless               | $\thicksim$  \thicksim                     |
| $\lesseqqgtr$  \lesseqqgtr           | $\gtreqqless$  \gtreqqless             | $\thickapprox$  \thickapprox               |
| $\preccurlyeq$  \preccurlyeq         | $\succcurlyeq$  \succcurlyeq           | $\approxeq$  \approxeq                     |
| $\curlyeqprec$  \curlyeqprec         | $\curlyeqsucc$  \curlyeqsucc           | $\backsim$  \backsim                       |
| $\precsim$  \precsim                 | $\succsim$  \succsim                   | $\backsimeq$  \backsimeq                   |
| $\precapprox$  \precapprox           | $\succapprox$  \succapprox             | $\vDash$  \vDash                           |
| $\subseteqq$  \subseteqq             | $\supseteqq$  \supseteqq               | $\Vdash$  \Vdash                           |
| $\Subset$  \Subset                   | $\Supset$  \Supset                     | $\Vvdash$  \Vvdash                         |
| $\sqsubset$  \sqsubset               | $\sqsupset$  \sqsupset                 | $\backepsilon$  \backepsilon               |
| $\therefore$  \therefore             | $\because$  \because                   | $\varpropto$  \varpropto                   |
| $\shortmid$  \shortmid               | $\shortparallel$  \shortparallel       | $\between$  \between                       |
| $\smallsmile$  \smallsmile           | $\smallfrown$  \smallfrown             | $\pitchfork$  \pitchfork                   |
| $\vartriangleleft$  \vartriangleleft | $\vartriangleright$  \vartriangleright | $\blacktriangleleft$  \blacktriangleleft   |
| $\trianglelefteq$  \trianglelefteq   | $\trianglerighteq$  \trianglerighteq   | $\blacktriangleright$  \blacktriangleright |### 1.15 AMS 箭头$\dashleftarrow$ $\dashrightarrow$ $\multimap$ $\leftleftarrows$ $\rightrightarrows$ $\upuparrows$ $\leftrightarrows$ $\rightleftarrows$ $\downdownarrows$ $\Lleftarrow$ $\Rrightarrow$ $\upharpoonleft$ $\twoheadleftarrow$ $\twoheadrightarrow$ $\upharpoonright$ $\leftarrowtail$ $\rightarrowtail$ $\downharpoonleft$ $\leftrightharpoons$ $\rightleftharpoons$ $\downharpoonright$ $\Lsh$ $\Rsh$ $\rightsquigarrow$ $\looparrowleft$ $\looparrowright$ $\leftrightsquigarrow$ $\curvearrowleft$ $\curvearrowright$ $\circlearrowleft$ $\circlearrowright$ | 第1列                                    | 第2列                                    | 第3列                                        |
| ---------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------- |
| $\dashleftarrow$  \dashleftarrow         | $\dashrightarrow$  \dashrightarrow       | $\multimap$  \multimap                       |
| $\leftleftarrows$  \leftleftarrows       | $\rightrightarrows$  \rightrightarrows   | $\upuparrows$  \upuparrows                   |
| $\leftrightarrows$  \leftrightarrows     | $\rightleftarrows$  \rightleftarrows     | $\downdownarrows$  \downdownarrows           |
| $\Lleftarrow$  \Lleftarrow               | $\Rrightarrow$  \Rrightarrow             | $\upharpoonleft$  \upharpoonleft             |
| $\twoheadleftarrow$  \twoheadleftarrow   | $\twoheadrightarrow$  \twoheadrightarrow | $\upharpoonright$  \upharpoonright           |
| $\leftarrowtail$  \leftarrowtail         | $\rightarrowtail$  \rightarrowtail       | $\downharpoonleft$  \downharpoonleft         |
| $\leftrightharpoons$  \leftrightharpoons | $\rightleftharpoons$  \rightleftharpoons | $\downharpoonright$  \downharpoonright       |
| $\Lsh$  \Lsh                             | $\Rsh$  \Rsh                             | $\rightsquigarrow$  \rightsquigarrow         |
| $\looparrowleft$  \looparrowleft         | $\looparrowright$  \looparrowright       | $\leftrightsquigarrow$  \leftrightsquigarrow |
| $\curvearrowleft$  \curvearrowleft       | $\curvearrowright$  \curvearrowright     |                                              |
| $\circlearrowleft$  \circlearrowleft     | $\circlearrowright$  \circlearrowright   |                                              |### 1.16 AMS 二元否定关系符和箭头$\nless$ $\ngtr$ $\varsubsetneqq$ $\lneq$ $\gneq$ $\varsupsetneqq$ $\nleq$ $\ngeq$ $\nsubseteqq$ $\nleqslant$ $\ngeqslant$ $\nsupseteqq$ $\lneqq$ $\gneqq$ $\nmid$ $\lvertneqq$ $\gvertneqq$ $\nparallel$ $\nleqq$ $\ngeqq$ $\nshortmid$ $\lnsim$ $\gnsim$ $\nshortparallel$ $\lnapprox$ $\gnapprox$ $\nsim$ $\nprec$ $\nsucc$ $\ncong$ $\npreceq$ $\nsucceq$ $\nvdash$ $\precneqq$ $\succneqq$ $\nvDash$ $\precnsim$ $\succnsim$ $\nVdash$ $\precnapprox$ $\succnapprox$ $\nVDash$ $\subsetneq$ $\supsetneq$ $\ntriangleleft$ $\varsubsetneq$ $\varsupsetneq$ $\ntriangleright$ $\nsubseteq$ $\nsupseteq$ $\ntrianglelefteq$ $\subsetneqq$ $\supsetneqq$ $\ntrianglerighteq$ $\nleftarrow$ $\nrightarrow$ $\nleftrightarrow$ $\nLeftarrow$ $\nRightarrow$ $\nLeftrightarrow$ | 第1列                          | 第2列                          | 第3列                                  |
| ------------------------------ | ------------------------------ | -------------------------------------- |
| $\nless$  \nless               | $\ngtr$  \ngtr                 | $\varsubsetneqq$  \varsubsetneqq       |
| $\lneq$  \lneq                 | $\gneq$  \gneq                 | $\varsupsetneqq$  \varsupsetneqq       |
| $\nleq$  \nleq                 | $\ngeq$  \ngeq                 | $\nsubseteqq$  \nsubseteqq             |
| $\nleqslant$  \nleqslant       | $\ngeqslant$  \ngeqslant       | $\nsupseteqq$  \nsupseteqq             |
| $\lneqq$  \lneqq               | $\gneqq$  \gneqq               | $\nmid$  \nmid                         |
| $\lvertneqq$  \lvertneqq       | $\gvertneqq$  \gvertneqq       | $\nparallel$  \nparallel               |
| $\nleqq$  \nleqq               | $\ngeqq$  \ngeqq               | $\nshortmid$  \nshortmid               |
| $\lnsim$  \lnsim               | $\gnsim$  \gnsim               | $\nshortparallel$  \nshortparallel     |
| $\lnapprox$  \lnapprox         | $\gnapprox$  \gnapprox         | $\nsim$  \nsim                         |
| $\nprec$  \nprec               | $\nsucc$  \nsucc               | $\ncong$  \ncong                       |
| $\npreceq$  \npreceq           | $\nsucceq$  \nsucceq           | $\nvdash$  \nvdash                     |
| $\precneqq$  \precneqq         | $\succneqq$  \succneqq         | $\nvDash$  \nvDash                     |
| $\precnsim$  \precnsim         | $\succnsim$  \succnsim         | $\nVdash$  \nVdash                     |
| $\precnapprox$  \precnapprox   | $\succnapprox$  \succnapprox   | $\nVDash$  \nVDash                     |
| $\subsetneq$  \subsetneq       | $\supsetneq$  \supsetneq       | $\ntriangleleft$  \ntriangleleft       |
| $\varsubsetneq$  \varsubsetneq | $\varsupsetneq$  \varsupsetneq | $\ntriangleright$  \ntriangleright     |
| $\nsubseteq$  \nsubseteq       | $\nsupseteq$  \nsupseteq       | $\ntrianglelefteq$  \ntrianglelefteq   |
| $\subsetneqq$  \subsetneqq     | $\supsetneqq$  \supsetneqq     | $\ntrianglerighteq$  \ntrianglerighteq |
| $\nleftarrow$  \nleftarrow     | $\nrightarrow$  \nrightarrow   | $\nleftrightarrow$  \nleftrightarrow   |
| $\nLeftarrow$  \nLeftarrow     | $\nRightarrow$  \nRightarrow   | $\nLeftrightarrow$  \nLeftrightarrow   |### 1.17 AMS 二元运算符$\dotplus$ $\centerdot$ $\intercal$ $\ltimes$ $\rtimes$ $\divideontimes$ $\Cup$ $\Cap$ $\smallsetminus$ $\veebar$ $\barwedge$ $\doublebarwedge$ $\boxplus$ $\boxminus$ $\circleddash$ $\boxtimes$ $\boxdot$ $\circledcirc$ $\leftthreetimes$ $\rightthreetimes$ $\circledast$ $\curlyvee$ $\curlywedge$ | 第1列                              | 第2列                                | 第3列                              |
| ---------------------------------- | ------------------------------------ | ---------------------------------- |
| $\dotplus$  \dotplus               | $\centerdot$  \centerdot             | $\intercal$  \intercal             |
| $\ltimes$  \ltimes                 | $\rtimes$  \rtimes                   | $\divideontimes$  \divideontimes   |
| $\Cup$  \Cup or \doublecup         | $\Cap$  \Cap or \doublecap           | $\smallsetminus$  \smallsetminus   |
| $\veebar$  \veebar                 | $\barwedge$  \barwedge               | $\doublebarwedge$  \doublebarwedge |
| $\boxplus$  \boxplus               | $\boxminus$  \boxminus               | $\circleddash$  \circleddash       |
| $\boxtimes$  \boxtimes             | $\boxdot$  \boxdot                   | $\circledcirc$  \circledcirc       |
| $\leftthreetimes$  \leftthreetimes | $\rightthreetimes$  \rightthreetimes | $\circledast$  \circledast         |
| $\curlyvee$  \curlyvee             | $\curlywedge$  \curlywedge           |                                    |### 1.18 AMS 其它符号$\hbar$ $\hslash$ $\Bbbk$ $\square$ $\blacksquare$ $\circledS$ $\vartriangle$ $\blacktriangle$ $\complement$ $\triangledown$ $\blacktriangledown$ $\Game$ $\lozenge$ $\blacklozenge$ $\bigstar$ $\angle$ $\measuredangle$ $\sphericalangle$ $\diagup$ $\diagdown$ $\backprime$ $\nexists$ $\Finv$ $\varnothing$ $\eth$ $\mho$ | 第1列                          | 第2列                                    | 第3列                              |
| ------------------------------ | ---------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------- |
| $\hbar$  \hbar                 | $\hslash$  \hslash                       | $\Bbbk$  \Bbbk                     |
| $\square$  \square             | $\blacksquare$  \blacksquare             | $\circledS$  \circledS             |
| $\vartriangle$  \vartriangle   | $\blacktriangle$  \blacktriangle         | $\complement$  \complement         |
| $\triangledown$  \triangledown | $\blacktriangledown$  \blacktriangledown | $\Game$  \Game                     |
| $\lozenge$  \lozenge           | $\blacklozenge$  \blacklozenge           | $\bigstar$  \bigstar               |
| $\angle$  \angle               | $\measuredangle$  \measuredangle         | $\sphericalangle$  \sphericalangle |
| $\diagup$  \diagup             | $\diagdown$  \diagdown                   | $\backprime$  \backprime           |
| $\nexists$  \nexists           | $\Finv$  \Finv                           | $\varnothing$  \varnothing         |
| $\eth$  \eth                   | $\mho$  \mho                             |                                    |### 1.19 数学字母$\mathrm{ABCdef}$ $\mathit{ABCdef}$ $ABCdef$ $\mathcal{ABC}$ $\mathcal{ABC}$ $\mathscr{ABC}$ $\mathfrak{ABCdef}$ $\mathbb{ABC}$ - 注:第三个例子不需要 \mathnormal{} 。| 例子                | 命令                | 所需宏包                      |
| ------------------- | ------------------- | ----------------------------- |
| $\mathrm{ABCdef}$   | \mathrm{ABCdef}     |                               |
| $\mathit{ABCdef}$   | \mathit{ABCdef}     |                               |
| $ABCdef$            | \mathnormal{ABCdef} |                               |
| $\mathcal{ABC}$     | \mathcal{ABC}       |                               |
| $\mathcal{ABC}$     | \mathcal{ABC}       | mathrsfs                      |
| $\mathscr{ABC}$     | \mathcal{ABC}       | eucal with option: mathcal or |
|                     | \mathscr{ABC}       | eucal with option: mathscr    |
| $\mathfrak{ABCdef}$ | \mathfrak{ABCdef}   | eufrak                        |
| $\mathbb{ABC}$      | \mathbb{ABC}        | amsfonts or amssymb           |### 一些常用格式$$a^{b}   \frac{a}{b} \int f(x)dx \int^{b}_{a} f(x)dx \bigcap^{n}_{i=1}  \sum^{n}_{i=1} \prod^{n}_{i=1}$$ $$ \dot{a} \ddot{a} {a}'' {a}' \alpha \beta \gamma \delta \epsilon \varepsilon \zeta \eta \mathbb{P}\mathbb{N} \therefore \angle \measuredangle \because \pm \mp \times \cdot \ast \cap \cup  $$$${\color{Red} 1}{\color{Green} 2}{\color{Blue} 3}{\color{Yellow} 4}{\color{Cyan} 5}{\color{Magenta} 6}{\color{Teal} 7}{\color{Purple} 8}{\color{DarkBlue} 9}{\color{DarkRed} 10}{\color{Orange} 11}{\color{DarkOrange} 12}{\color{Golden} 13}{\color{Pink} 14}{\color{DarkGreen} 15}{\color{Orchid} 16}{\color{Emerald} 17}$$ $$\sin \cos \tan \csc \sec \cot \sinh \cosh \tanh \coth \\ \arcsin \arccos \arctan \textrm{arccsc} \ \textrm{arcsec} \ \textrm{arccot} \sin^{-1} \cos^{-1} \tan^{-1} \sinh^{-1} \cosh^{-1} \tanh^{-1} $$ $$\exp \lg \ln \log \log_{e}\log_{10}\lim \liminf \limsup \max \min \infty \\ \arg \det \dim \gcd \hom \ker \Pr \sup$$ $$\binom{n}{r} 1 \to n \ x \mapsto x^2 
\Rightarrow \Leftarrow \leftarrow \rightarrow \Leftrightarrow \leftrightarrow \leftharpoonup \rightharpoonup \rightharpoondown \leftharpoondown \leftrightharpoons \rightleftharpoons \overset{a}{\rightarrow}\widetilde{abc}\widehat{abc} \overleftarrow{abc}\overrightarrow{abc}$$ $$\begin{pmatrix}1 & 2\\ 3 & 4
\end{pmatrix}$$$$\begin{bmatrix}1 & 2\\ 3 & 4
\end{bmatrix}$$$$\begin{matrix}1 & 2\\ 3 & 4
\end{matrix}$$$$ \begin{cases}
1 & \text{ if } x=1 \\ 
2 & \text{ if } x=2 
\end{cases}$$$$\begin{aligned}x_1 &= 1\\x_2 &= 2
\end{aligned}$$


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