hdr10 hdr1000_什么是HDR摄影，如何使用？

hdr10 hdr1000

You might have heard the enigmatic acronym “HDR” in reference to photography, or even seen it as a feature on your smartphone. It stands for “High Dynamic Range”, and it creates photos with gorgeous, impossible detail and clarity–though it can also help you avoid silhouettes and other issues in normal photos.

您可能已经听过有关摄影的神秘缩写词“ HDR”，甚至将其视为智能手机上的功能。它代表“高动态范围”，可以创建具有华丽，不可能的细节和清晰度的照片，尽管它还可以帮助您避免普通照片中出现轮廓和其他问题。

Today we’ll learn about the different types of HDR imaging, demystify some confusing terminology, and look at the the various reasons that why HDR even exists in the first place. If you’re ready to expand your knowledge of photography, dive right in.

今天，我们将学习不同类型的HDR成像，揭开一些令人困惑的术语的神秘面纱，并了解HDR最初存在的各种原因。如果您准备扩展摄影知识，请直接进入。

什么是HDR，为什么我需要它？ (What Is HDR and Why Would I Need It?)

Cameras are limited to the amount of image detail they can record when the sensor is exposed to light. Whether you’re using the auto settings or are taking pics using skillfully tuned manual settings, your goal is trying to take advantage of the available light to maximize the detail in the result image. The problem is, when you’re shooting heavy shadows and bright lights, you are forced into losing detail in one range or the other.

当传感器暴露在光线下时，相机限于它们可以记录的图像细节量。无论您是使用自动设置还是使用熟练的手动设置拍照，您的目标都是尝试利用可用的光来最大化结果图像的细节。问题是，当您拍摄沉重的阴影和明亮的灯光时，您不得不在一个范围或另一个范围内丢失细节。

A skilled photographer can tune her elements of exposure to achieve great detail in shadows or highlights, or choose the middle of the road, “proper” exposure solution, and lose some detail in both. Lots of detail in the highlight areas will turn everything else to a solid, dark black (top left below). Focusing on the detail in the darker areas will wash out the highlight areas (bottom right below). Most people probably choose something in the middle to get a decent looking picture, but it still isn’t ideal.

熟练的摄影师可以调整她的曝光元素，以在阴影或高光部分实现出色的细节，或者选择路途中的“适当”曝光解决方案，而在两者中都失去一些细节。高亮区域中的许多细节将使所有其他内容变为深黑色(下方左上方)。专注于较暗区域的细节将洗净高亮区域(右下方)。大多数人可能会在中间选择一些东西来获得漂亮的外观，但这仍然不是理想的。

Using this sort of “normal” exposure, where a photographer has to make these sorts of tough decisions, is sometimes called “Standard” or “Low” Dynamic Range imaging.

使用这种“正常”曝光(摄影师必须做出这类艰难的决定)有时被称为“标准”或“低”动态范围成像。

HDR solves this problem by taking multiple photos with different exposures, then combining them so you get the best of all possible worlds: details in the shadows and details in the highlights.

HDR通过拍摄多张具有不同曝光度的照片来解决此问题，然后将它们组合在一起，以充分利用所有可能的世界：阴影中的细节和高光中的细节。

In order to avoid any confusion, it’s worth noting that there are many different methods of creating images that are all referred to as HDR, or High Dynamic Range Imaging. Many of these methods are very different, even though the terminology overlaps a lot. Keep the following in mind when thinking of HDR:

为了避免造成任何混淆，值得注意的是，有许多种创建图像的方法都被称为HDR或高动态范围成像。尽管术语重叠很多，但许多方法还是有很大不同。在考虑HDR时，请牢记以下几点：

Ordinary methods of creating images have less range than the human eye can see. These are called “Standard” or “Low Dynamic Range.”
普通的创建图像的方法的范围比人眼所见的范围小。这些称为“标准”或“低动态范围”。
There are methods and hacks to work around these image limits, and these methods are sometimes called HDR imaging methods. These specific methods are usually older and predate digital combination of images.
存在解决这些图像限制的方法和技巧，这些方法有时称为HDR成像方法。这些特定的方法通常是较旧的并且早于图像的数字组合。
There are also High Dynamic Range image formats and color spaces that have greater ranges of values than standard range formats, capable of capturing rich detail in shadows and highlights at once. These are also correctly called HDR, and are not the same thing as the previously mentioned methods. Normally these are captured natively, with HDR equipment.
还存在“高动态范围” 图像格式和色彩空间，其值范围比标准范围格式大，能够一次捕获阴影和高光中的丰富细节。这些也被正确称为HDR，并且与前面提到的方法不同。通常，这些是使用HDR设备在本地捕获的。
What most modern digital photographers refer to as HDR Imaging is what we shall be focusing on today—a method of combining image data from multiple digital exposures to create one photograph with detail normally not possible.
大多数现代数码摄影师所称的HDR成像就是我们今天要关注的-一种将多次数码曝光中的图像数据组合起来以创建一张通常无法提供细节的照片的方法。

You can either do this manually, by taking multiple pictures and using photo editing software to create your image, or with your smartphone. Most modern smartphones have HDR features built in, which will take three photos in quick succession and combine them into one HDR photo. Check your camera app for an “HDR” button and try it out. It can save a lot of photos that would otherwise appear washed out in certain areas (like in the photo below).

您可以手动操作，通过拍摄多张照片并使用照片编辑软件来创建图像，也可以使用智能手机。大多数现代智能手机都内置了HDR功能，可以快速连续拍摄三张照片并将它们组合为一张HDR照片。检查相机应用程序中的“ HDR”按钮，然后尝试一下。它可以保存很多在某些区域否则会被冲洗掉的照片(如下图所示)。

Some digital cameras may have a similar option. Other ones, however–especially older ones–may not, in which case things are a bit more complicated.

某些数码相机可能有类似的选择。但是，其他一些(尤其是较旧的)则可能不会，在这种情况下，情况要复杂一些。

技术资料：如何创建HDR图像 (The Technical Stuff: How HDR Images Are Created)

Stepping around the problems of typical standard range photography, we can think of HDR Imaging as techniques that combine the image information from multiple exposures into one image with detail beyond the limitations of single exposures. Resourceful photographers know to use image bracketing when photographing a scene, or stopping up or stopping down the exposure in order to increase the chances of finding that proper “goldilocks” level of exposure. Even though your light meter or auto setting might say that the proper exposure has been selected, taking the same composition multiple times with multiple aperture or shutter speed settings will greatly boost your chances of getting that “best” image out of your shot.

围绕典型标准范围摄影的问题，我们可以将HDR成像视为一种将多次曝光的图像信息组合成一张图像的技术，其细节超出了一次曝光的限制。足智多谋的摄影师知道在拍摄场景或停止或停止曝光时会使用图像包围 ，以增加发现合适的“金锁”曝光水平的机会。即使您的测光表或自动设置可能表明已选择了正确的曝光，使用多个光圈或快门速度设置多次进行相同构图也将大大提高您获得最佳照片的机会。

HDR Imaging also uses bracketing, but in a different way. Instead of shooting multiple exposures to create the best image, HDR wants to capture the maximum possible detail throughout the whole range of light. Photographers normally faced with the choice of losing detail in highlights and shadows can choose to bracket multiple exposures, shooting first for detail in the shadows, then for detail in the highlights, and a “goldilocks” exposure somewhere in the middle. By bracketing this way, professionals create the building blocks for their perfect image.

HDR Imaging也使用包围，但方式不同。 HDR不想拍摄多次曝光以创建最佳图像，而是希望在整个光线范围内捕获最大可能的细节。通常在高光和阴影中丢失细节的摄影师可以选择包围多次曝光，首先在阴影中拍摄细节，然后在高光中拍摄细节，然后在中间某处进行“金发姑娘”曝光。通过这种方式，专业人士可以为自己的完美形象创造基础。

The basic idea of creating a combination image with multiple exposures is not new to photography. As long as cameras have had the limitation of standard ranges, clever photographers have been hacking ways to create the best possible image. Brilliant photographer Ansel Adams used dodging and burning techniques to selectively expose his prints and create amazing rich detail in images, like the one illustrated above. When digital photography was finally viable enough to address this problem, the first HDR file types were created. However, the HDR file types used by most photographers today do not use this method (i.e. capturing multiple exposures into single file, beyond the range of ordinary imaging). Most so-called “HDR” images are actually multiple exposures combined into an HDR image, and then Tone mapped into a single standard range image.

创建具有多重曝光的组合图像的基本思想对于摄影并不陌生。只要照相机受到标准范围的限制，聪明的摄影师就一直在寻找创造最佳图像的方法。精采的摄影师安塞尔·亚当斯(Ansel Adams)使用闪避和刻录技术来选择性地曝光其照片，并在图像中创建惊人的丰富细节，如上图所示。当数码摄影最终足以解决该问题时，便创建了第一个HDR文件类型。但是，当今大多数摄影师使用的HDR文件类型都不使用此方法(即，将多次曝光捕获到单个文件中，超出了普通成像的范围)。实际上，大多数所谓的“ HDR”图像是将多个曝光组合成一个HDR图像，然后将色调映射到单个标准范围图像中。

Much of the true High Dynamic Range levels of detail are out of range of monitors, CMYK printers, and cameras—these ordinary mediums simply can’t create images that can compare to the amount of image data the human eye can capture. Tone mapping is a technique to translate color and values from a HDR medium (for instance, a Photoshop creation of multiple SDR exposures) and map them back into a standard medium (like an ordinary image file). Because it is a translation, tone mapped images are a sort of simulation of the rich range of values in HDR file formats, despite the fact that they can create amazing detail in lights and darks simultaneously. Despite this, tone mapped images fall under the blanket of HDR techniques, and get the confusing blanket label of HDR.

真正的“高动态范围”细节级别中的大部分都超出了监视器，CMYK打印机和照相机的范围，这些普通介质根本无法创建可以与人眼可以捕获的图像数据量进行比较的图像。色调映射是一种从HDR介质(例如，多次SDR曝光的Photoshop创建)中转换颜色和值并将其映射回标准介质(如普通图像文件)的技术。由于色调映射图像是一种翻译，因此可以模拟 HDR文件格式中的多种值，尽管它们可以同时在亮和暗中创建惊人的细节。尽管如此，色调映射的图像仍落在HDR技术的保护之下，并获得令人困惑的HDR覆盖标签。

It is this technique that most photographers call HDR Imaging, or even HDR photography. The reason it is more significant is because modern photo editing tools and digital cameras make it easier than ever for home and hobby photographers to create these images themselves.

大多数摄影师将这种技术称为HDR成像，甚至称为HDR摄影。之所以如此重要，是因为现代的照片编辑工具和数码相机使家庭和业余摄影师能够比以往更轻松地自己创建这些图像。

Many modern image editing apps have tone mapping routines for combining multiple images and creating the best possible image out of their combination, in addition to hacks and clever ways to combine images to create rich photographs with excellent detail. These methods, some of which we will cover in future photography articles, are possible with Photoshop, and even with free software like GIMP or Paint.NET. You can create multiple exposure, high-detail photography by:

许多现代图像编辑应用程序都具有色调映射例程，用于组合多个图像并从它们的组合中创建出最佳图像，此外还有一些巧妙的方法来组合图像以创建具有出色细节的丰富照片。这些方法(某些方法将在以后的摄影文章中介绍)可以在Photoshop中使用，甚至可以通过GIMP或Paint.NET等免费软件实现。您可以通过以下方式创建多重曝光，高细节摄影：

Combining multiple exposures with software like Photomatrix or Photoshop’s HDR Pro, and tone mapping the image.
将多次曝光与Photomatrix或Photoshop的HDR Pro之类的软件结合在一起，并对图像进行色调映射。
Combining multiple exposures using combinations of blending methods in multiple layers in powerful image editors like GIMP.
在功能强大的图像编辑器(如GIMP)中使用多层混合方法组合多种曝光。
Manually merging high detail areas of images with layer masks, erasers, and dodging and burning in programs like Photoshop or Paint.NET.
在诸如Photoshop或Paint.NET之类的程序中，手动将图像的高细节区域与图层蒙版，橡皮擦合并，并进行闪避和刻录。

Still hungry to learn more about HDR Imaging? Stay tuned to Photography with How-To Geek, where we’ll cover how to expose for HDR and create rich HDR images from those exposures in future articles.

仍然渴望了解有关HDR成像的更多信息吗？请继续关注How-To Geek的摄影 ，我们将在以后的文章中介绍如何为HDR曝光以及如何从这些曝光中创建丰富的HDR图像。

Image Credits: St Louis Arch Tone Mapped by Kevin McCoy and Darxus, available under Creative Commons. HDRI and St Pauls by Dean S. Pemberton, available under Creative Commons. Exposure by Nevit Dilmen, available under Creative Commons. Grand Canyon HDR Imaging by Diliff, available under Creative Commons. Ansel Adams image in public domain. Dundus Square by Marmoulak, available under Creative Commons.

图片来源：由Kevin McCoy和Darxus绘制的 St Louis Arch Tone，可在Creative Commons下获得。 HDRI和St Pauls由Dean S. Pemberton提供，可在“ 知识共享”下获得。 Nevit Dilmen的曝光，可在创用CC下获得。 Diliff的 Grand Canyon HDR Imaging，可在Creative Commons下获得。公共领域的Ansel Adams图片。 Dundus广场由Marmoulak ，可根据知识共享。