本文介绍基于docker搭建的confluent-kafka及其python接口的使用。

本文采用的系统配置如下：

• LinuxMint 20.3 （兼容 Ununtu 20.04）
• docker 20.10.21
• docker-compose 2.14.2
• python 3.9.16
• confluent-kafka(python包) 2.1.1

1. 安装docker以及docker-compose

1.1 安装docker

docker-compose依赖于docker，因此需要先安装docker。

curl -fsSL https://test.docker.com -o test-docker.sh
sudo sh test-docker.sh

1.2 安装docker-compose

Compose 是用于定义和运行多容器 Docker 应用程序的工具。通过 Compose，您可以使用 YML 文件来配置应用程序需要的所有服务。然后，使用一个命令，就可以从 YML 文件配置中创建并启动所有服务。

curl -L https://get.daocloud.io/docker/compose/releases/download/v2.14.2/docker-compose-`uname -s`-`uname -m` > /usr/local/bin/docker-compose

要安装其他版本的 Compose，请替换 v2.14.2。

2. 安装confluent-kafka

新建文件并创建docker-compose.yml文件：

version: '3'
services:zookeeper:image: confluentinc/cp-zookeeper:7.0.1container_name: zookeeperenvironment:ZOOKEEPER_CLIENT_PORT: 2181ZOOKEEPER_TICK_TIME: 2000broker:image: confluentinc/cp-kafka:7.0.1container_name: brokerports:# To learn about configuring Kafka for access across networks see# https://www.confluent.io/blog/kafka-client-cannot-connect-to-broker-on-aws-on-docker-etc/- "9092:9092"depends_on:- zookeeperenvironment:KAFKA_BROKER_ID: 1KAFKA_ZOOKEEPER_CONNECT: 'zookeeper:2181'KAFKA_LISTENER_SECURITY_PROTOCOL_MAP: PLAINTEXT:PLAINTEXT,PLAINTEXT_INTERNAL:PLAINTEXTKAFKA_ADVERTISED_LISTENERS: PLAINTEXT://localhost:9092,PLAINTEXT_INTERNAL://broker:29092KAFKA_OFFSETS_TOPIC_REPLICATION_FACTOR: 1KAFKA_TRANSACTION_STATE_LOG_MIN_ISR: 1KAFKA_TRANSACTION_STATE_LOG_REPLICATION_FACTOR: 1

进入该文件夹并运行：

docker-compose -f docker-compose.yml up -d

运行后在docker中看到类似结果说明启动成功：

aa@bb:~/docker_scripts$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE                             COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS         PORTS                                       NAMES
e6fbc05d61b1   confluentinc/cp-kafka:7.0.1       "/etc/confluent/dock…"   7 minutes ago   Up 7 minutes   0.0.0.0:9092->9092/tcp, :::9092->9092/tcp   broker
58b04385f2bf   confluentinc/cp-zookeeper:7.0.1   "/etc/confluent/dock…"   7 minutes ago   Up 7 minutes   2181/tcp, 2888/tcp, 3888/tcp                zookeeper

这里kafka端口为9092。

关闭容器服务：

docker-compose -f docker-compose.yml down

3. python接口使用

3.1 安装依赖包

安装依赖包：

pip3 install confluent-kafka

3.2 创建、查看topic

进入kafka镜像：

docker exec -ti broker bash

查看topic：

[aa@bb ~]$ /bin/kafka-topics --list --bootstrap-server 127.0.0.1:9092

新建名为test001的topic：

[aa@bb ~]$ /bin/kafka-topics --create --bootstrap-server 127.0.0.1:9092 --topic test001 --partitions 2
Created topic test001.

查看topic：

[aa@bb ~]$ /bin/kafka-topics --list --bootstrap-server 127.0.0.1:9092
test001

通过Ctrl + P + Q回到终端。

3.3 python接口-broker

创建producer代码producer1.py：

import socketfrom confluent_kafka import Producerconf = {'bootstrap.servers': "localhost:9092",'client.id': socket.gethostname()
}producer = Producer(conf)def __publish_delivery_report(err, msg) -> None:if err is not None:print(f"send msg:{msg} fail, err is not None")else:print(f"send msg{msg} success")def send_msg(topic: str, data):producer.produce(topic, data, callback=__publish_delivery_report)producer.flush()if __name__ == '__main__':msg = "hello kafka"topic = "test001"send_msg(topic, msg)

运行结果：

aa@bb:~/codes/kafka_test$ python3 producer1.py
send msg<cimpl.Message object at 0x7f8d6fe6acc0> success

3.4 python接口-consumer

创建consumer代码consumer1.py：

from confluent_kafka import Consumerclass KafkaConsumer:def __init__(self, brokers, group):config = dict()config['bootstrap.servers'] = brokersconfig['group.id'] = groupconfig['auto.offset.reset'] = 'earliest'self.consumer = Consumer(config)def subscribe(self, topics):self.consumer.subscribe(topics=topics)def pull(self):while True:msg = self.consumer.poll(1.0)if msg is None:continueif msg.error():print("Consumer error: {}".format(msg.error()))continueprint('Received message: {}'.format(msg.value().decode('utf-8')))def close(self):self.consumer.close()if __name__ == "__main__":consumer = KafkaConsumer("127.0.0.1:9092", "test_group1")consumer.subscribe(['test001'])consumer.pull()consumer.close()

运行结果：

aa@bb:~/codes/kafka_test$ python3 consumer1.py
Received message: hello kafka

参考链接

1. Hello Kafka（八）——Confluent Kafka简介
2. Docker Compose | 菜鸟教程
3. confluent_kafka生产者 - luckygxf - 博客园
4. Hello Kafka（十二）——Python客户端_kafka python客户端_天山老妖的博客-CSDN博客