前言

毕业设计想做一个集大学所自学过的所有语言，再加上嵌入式的完整应用类型。但由于疫情的原因，没办法完整的展现。不过中间还是自己一系列将前端、后端、前后端交互、数据库以及Android控制都整了一遍，还是受益匪浅。在此将经验分享出来顺便自己也留恋一下，止增消遣。

开发环境

在最初，本来想直接在树莓派上跑车牌识别的Python源码，但由于树莓派用的是3B型号的，要跑这种深度学习框架的东西内存不太够，即使改了特征参数还是容易崩掉，最后实在没办法就采用PC做主控端、树莓派做采集端的方案来做。后面发现这样搞还容易加web端这些后续拓展，这也算是曲线救国哈哈

树莓派 ：3B加系统2019-09-26-raspbian-buster.img；
PC ：Visual studio2019；
数据库： MySQL8.0版本；
HTML ：Adobe公司的DW；
前后端交互： Flask框架+ajax轮询；
Android ：Android studio；
车牌识别算法 ：OpenCV-4.1.0+Python3.7，具体参考大佬博客车牌号识别 python + opencv;
深度学习训练样本 ：Anaconda3-2019.10-Windows-x86_64+tensorflow，具体参考大佬博客TensorFlow车牌识别完整版（含车牌数据集）。

源码

链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/11HsGVzaFizBd-yzvfqK9gw
提取码：zxuv
具体的源码请看百度网盘下载，也在csdn里扔了一份。这里贴上一部分主要程序，可单独运行。
PC识别主控端：
1.surface.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import tkinter as tk
import urllib
from tkinter.filedialog import *
from tkinter import ttk
import predict
import cv2
from PIL import Image, ImageTk
import threading
import time
import numpy as np
import urllib.request
import socket
import MySQLdb# 用于显示的图片的路径
IMAGE_PATH = '.\\pic\\chepai.jpg'
host = "192.168.43.161:8080"# 对应树莓派上开启的地址
if len(sys.argv)>1:host = sys.argv[1]
hoststr = 'http://' + host + '/?action=stream'
print('Streaming ' + hoststr)stream=urllib.request.urlopen(hoststr)
bytes=b''class Surface(ttk.Frame):pic_path = ""viewhigh = 600viewwide = 600update_time = 0thread = Nonethread_run = Falsecamera = Nonecolor_transform = {"green":("绿牌","#55FF55"), "yello":("黄牌","#FFFF00"), "blue":("蓝牌","#6666FF")}def __init__(self, win):ttk.Frame.__init__(self, win)frame_left = ttk.Frame(self)frame_right1 = ttk.Frame(self)frame_right2 = ttk.Frame(self)win.title("车牌识别")win.state("zoomed")self.pack(fill=tk.BOTH, expand=tk.YES, padx="5", pady="5")frame_left.pack(side=LEFT,expand=1,fill=BOTH)frame_right1.pack(side=TOP,expand=1,fill=tk.Y)frame_right2.pack(side=RIGHT,expand=0)ttk.Label(frame_left, text='原图：').pack(anchor="nw") ttk.Label(frame_right1, text='车牌位置：').grid(column=0, row=0, sticky=tk.W)from_pic_ctl = ttk.Button(frame_right2, text="来自图片", width=20, command=self.from_pic)from_vedio_ctl = ttk.Button(frame_right2, text="来自摄像头", width=20, command=self.from_vedio)self.image_ctl = ttk.Label(frame_left)self.image_ctl.pack(anchor="nw")self.roi_ctl = ttk.Label(frame_right1)self.roi_ctl.grid(column=0, row=1, sticky=tk.W)ttk.Label(frame_right1, text='识别结果：').grid(column=0, row=2, sticky=tk.W)self.r_ctl = ttk.Label(frame_right1, text="")self.r_ctl.grid(column=0, row=3, sticky=tk.W)self.color_ctl = ttk.Label(frame_right1, text="", width="20")self.color_ctl.grid(column=0, row=4, sticky=tk.W)from_vedio_ctl.pack(anchor="se", pady="5")from_pic_ctl.pack(anchor="se", pady="5")self.predictor = predict.CardPredictor()self.predictor.train_svm()def get_imgtk(self, img_bgr):img = cv2.cvtColor(img_bgr, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB)im = Image.fromarray(img)imgtk = ImageTk.PhotoImage(image=im)wide = imgtk.width()high = imgtk.height()if wide > self.viewwide or high > self.viewhigh:wide_factor = self.viewwide / widehigh_factor = self.viewhigh / highfactor = min(wide_factor, high_factor)wide = int(wide * factor)if wide <= 0 : wide = 1high = int(high * factor)if high <= 0 : high = 1im=im.resize((wide, high), Image.ANTIALIAS)imgtk = ImageTk.PhotoImage(image=im)return imgtkdef show_roi(self, r, roi, color):if r :roi = cv2.cvtColor(roi, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB)roi = Image.fromarray(roi)self.imgtk_roi = ImageTk.PhotoImage(image=roi)self.roi_ctl.configure(image=self.imgtk_roi, state='enable')self.r_ctl.configure(text=str(r))self.update_time = time.time()try:c = self.color_transform[color]self.color_ctl.configure(text=c[0], background=c[1], state='enable')except: self.color_ctl.configure(state='disabled')elif self.update_time + 8 < time.time():self.roi_ctl.configure(state='disabled')self.r_ctl.configure(text="")self.color_ctl.configure(state='disabled')def from_vedio(self):if self.thread_run:returnif self.camera is None:self.camera = cv2.VideoCapture(0)if not self.camera.isOpened():mBox.showwarning('警告', '摄像头打开失败！')self.camera = Nonereturnself.thread = threading.Thread(target=self.vedio_thread, args=(self,bytes))self.thread.setDaemon(True)self.thread.start()self.thread_run = Truedef from_pic(self):self.thread_run = Falseself.pic_path = askopenfilename(title="选择识别图片", filetypes=[("jpg图片", "*.jpg")])if self.pic_path:img_bgr = predict.imreadex(self.pic_path)self.imgtk = self.get_imgtk(img_bgr)self.image_ctl.configure(image=self.imgtk)r, roi, color = self.predictor.predict(img_bgr)combine(r)self.show_roi(r, roi, color)@staticmethoddef vedio_thread(self,bytes):self.thread_run = Truepredict_time = time.time()while self.thread_run:# _, img_bgr = self.camera.read()# self.imgtk = self.get_imgtk(img_bgr)# self.image_ctl.configure(image=self.imgtk)# if time.time() - predict_time > 2:# 	r, roi, color = self.predictor.predict(img_bgr)# 	self.show_roi(r, roi, color)# 	predict_time = time.time()bytes += stream.read(1024)a = bytes.find(b'\xff\xd8')b = bytes.find(b'\xff\xd9')if a != -1 and b != -1:jpg = bytes[a:b + 2]bytes = bytes[b + 2:]# flags = 1 for color image# 来自网页的摄像头数据frame = cv2.imdecode(np.fromstring(jpg, dtype=np.uint8), flags=1)self.imgtk = self.get_imgtk(frame)self.image_ctl.configure(image=self.imgtk)if time.time() - predict_time > 2:r, roi, color = self.predictor.predict(frame)if len(r):print('OK')combine(r)cv2.imwrite(IMAGE_PATH, frame)	# 保存当前识别的图片image = cv2.imread(IMAGE_PATH)cv2.imshow('img', image)self.show_roi(r, roi, color)  cv2.waitKey()predict_time = time.time()print("run end")def close_window():print("destroy")if surface.thread_run :surface.thread_run = Falsesurface.thread.join(2.0)win.destroy()def combine(r):# 把数组中的字组合起来result = ""for data in r:result += datasend_message(result)send_mysql(result)def send_message(result):try:print('result:', result)if result:client.send(result.encode(encoding='utf-8'))  # 不能发空的东西,需要变成utf-8编码形式print('OK')except Exception:client.close()def send_mysql(result):if result:print('OK5')#连接cxn = MySQLdb.Connect(host = '127.0.0.1', port = 3306, user = 'root', passwd = '12345678', charset="utf8")#游标cur = cxn.cursor()cur.execute("USE che1") #首先得运行mysql.py 或者直接在MySQL上创建表#查询cur.execute("SELECT * FROM users where name='{}'".format(result))#定义查询items =cur.fetchall() #获取查询到数据#将结果集强转为listitems = list(items)fw=open('F:\\python\\web端\\flaskweb\\flaskweb\\web.txt','w') #对应web端的直接路径for t in items:fw.write(' '.join(str(s) for s in t) + '\n')fw.close()#print("保存文件成功")#关闭cur.close()#关闭游标cxn.commit()#提交事务cxn.close()#释放数据库资源在这里插入代码片if __name__ == '__main__':client = socket.socket()  # 有一些默认参数，即可使用ipv4，这一句是声明socket类型和返回socket连接对象client.connect(("192.168.43.161", 12348))win = tk.Tk()surface = Surface(win)win.protocol('WM_DELETE_WINDOW', close_window)win.mainloop()

2.predict.py参照之前大佬博客，定位矫正切割识别这部分就改参数，其他不改动
3.mysql.py

import MySQLdb#连接
cxn = MySQLdb.Connect(host = '127.0.0.1', port = 3306, user = 'root', passwd = '12345678', charset="utf8")
#游标
cur = cxn.cursor()try:cur.execute("DROP DATABASE che1")
except Exception as e:print(e)
finally:pass#创建数据库
cur.execute("CREATE DATABASE che1")
cur.execute("USE che1")#创建表
cur.execute("CREATE TABLE users (id INT, name VARCHAR(255), username VARCHAR(255), sex VARCHAR(10), birth TIMESTAMP, telephone VARCHAR(20))")
#插入
cur.execute("INSERT INTO users VALUES(1, '闽A77518', '李明', '男', '1993-06-05 15:20:00', 13758546621),(2, '皖A87271', '张三', '女', '1993-04-03', 15487596721)")
#查询
cur.execute("SELECT * FROM users where name='闽A77518'")
for row in cur.fetchall():print('%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%s' %row)#关闭
cur.close()
cxn.commit()
cxn.close()

web端
1.flaskweb.py

# _*_ coding:utf-8 _*_import cv2
from flask import Flask, render_template# 用于显示的图片的路径
IMAGE_PATH = '.\\static\\img\\chepai.jpg'app = Flask(__name__)	#程序实例是Flask的对象，一般情况下用如下方法实例化，Flask类只有一个必须指定的参数，即程序主模块或者包的名字，__name__是系统变量，该变量指的是本py文件的文件名"""@app.route("/")	#当与前端约定好路由接口路径时会自动执行下方的index函数
def index():return render_template("index.html")	#将参数返回到index.html里@app.route("/charts/")
def charts():return render_template("charts.html")@app.route("/faq/")
def faq():return render_template("faq.html")@app.route("/grid/")
def grid():return render_template("grid.html")@app.route("/test",methods=['GET'])	#与ajax方法的url协定统一路径，使用get无加密方法
def test():fw=open('web.txt','r')da = fw.read()   #读取文件#print(d)if da.strip()=='':da=('数据库中未有信息')#print(d)return daif __name__ == '__main__':app.run(host='192.168.43.161',	#本地IPport= 2222,	#端口号)

2.同目录下templates文件夹下html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en"><head><meta charset="utf-8" /><title>车牌识别门禁系统</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no" /><meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes" />    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="{{ url_for('static', filename='css/bootstrap-responsive.min.css') }}"><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="{{ url_for('static', filename='css/font-awesome.css') }}"><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="{{ url_for('static', filename='css/adminia.css') }}"><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="{{ url_for('static', filename='css/bootstrap.min.css') }}"><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="{{ url_for('static', filename='css/pages/plans.css') }}"><!-- Le HTML5 shim, for IE6-8 support of HTML5 elements --><!--[if lt IE 9]><script src="http://html5shim.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/html5.js"></script><![endif]--><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /><script language="javascript">//页面加载调用window.onload=function(){//每1秒刷新时间setInterval("NowTime()",1000);}function NowTime(){var myDate=new Date();var y = myDate.getFullYear();var M = myDate.getMonth()+1;     //获取当前月份(0-11,0代表1月)var d = myDate.getDate();        //获取当前日(1-31)var h = myDate.getHours();       //获取当前小时数(0-23)var m = myDate.getMinutes();     //获取当前分钟数(0-59)var s = myDate.getSeconds();     //获取当前秒数(0-59)//检查是否小于10M=check(M);d=check(d);h=check(h);m=check(m);s=check(s);var timestr = y+"-"+M+"-"+d+" "+h+":"+m+":"+s;document.getElementById("nowtime").innerHTML="当前时间：" + timestr;}//时间数字小于10，则在之前加个“0”补位。function check(i){var num = (i<10)?("0"+i) : i;return num;}</script></head><body><div class="navbar navbar-fixed-top"><div class="navbar-inner"><div class="container"><a class="btn btn-navbar" data-toggle="collapse" data-target=".nav-collapse"> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> 				</a><a class="brand" href="./">车牌识别门禁系统web端</a></div> <!-- /container --></div> <!-- /navbar-inner --></div> <!-- /navbar --><div id="content"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="span3"><div class="account-container"><div class="account-avatar"><img src="{{ url_for('static', filename='img/headshot.png') }}" alt="" class="thumbnail" /></div> <!-- /account-avatar --><div class="account-details"><span class="account-name">引觞垂月</span><span class="account-role">人间清欢不觉淡 谁知其味漫</span></div> <!-- /account-details --></div> <!-- /account-container --><hr />				<ul id="main-nav" class="nav nav-tabs nav-stacked">	<li><a href="./"><i class="icon-home"></i>首页 			</a></li><li><a href="/charts/"><i class="icon-signal"></i>图片	</a></li><li><a href="/faq/"><i class="icon-th-list"></i>视频</a></li><li><a href="/grid"><i class="icon-th-large"></i>历史文学	</a></li><li>	<i class="icon-home"></i>目的：			</li></ul>	<hr /><div class="sidebar-extra"><p>将车牌识别结果导入数据库里查询车主信息</p></div> <!-- .sidebar-extra --><br /></div> <!-- /span3 --><div class="span9"><h1 class="page-title"><i class="icon-th-list"></i>车主信息					</h1><div class="widget"><div class="widget-header"><h3>对应信息为：	序号 车牌号 车主名  性别     出生时间      联系方式</h3></div> <!-- /widget-header --><div class="widget-content"><div class="pricing-plans plans-3"><div id="ajaxDiv" style="margin-top: 20px"></div></div> <!-- /pricing-plans --></div> <!-- /widget-content --></div> <!-- /widget --><div class="widget"><div class="widget-header"><h3>时间</h3></div> <!-- /widget-header --><div class="widget-content"><div id="nowtime">在这里显示时间</div></div> <!-- /widget-content --></div> <!-- /widget --></div> <!-- /span9 --></div> <!-- /row --></div> <!-- /container --></div> <!-- /content --><!-- Le javascript
================================================== -->
<!-- Placed at the end of the document so the pages load faster -->
<script src="{{ url_for('static', filename='js/jquery-1.7.2.min.js') }}"></script><script src="{{ url_for('static', filename='js/bootstrap.js') }}"></script></body>
</html><script type="text/javascript">setInterval(function(){$.ajax({type:"get",dataType:'text',url:"/test",cache:false,success:function(data){$("#ajaxDiv").html(data);},error:function(){alert("失败，请稍后再试！");}});},1000);</script>

树莓派上运行rpi.py

import socket
import tkinter as tk
import threading
import MySQLdb
import RPi.GPIO
import timetime_out=5
RELAY=18def get_message(conn):while True:data = conn.recv(1024)#if not data :#print('this user is end,exit!\n next user')#breakif data:print('data:',data.decode())var.set(data.decode())l = tk.Label(win,textvariable=var,font=('Arial', 30),width=30,height=10).pack(side='right')#         #连接cxn = MySQLdb.Connect(host = '127.0.0.1', port = 3306, user = 'root', passwd = '123456', charset="utf8")#游标cur = cxn.cursor()cur.execute("USE che1")#查询cur.execute("SELECT * FROM users where name='{}'".format(data.decode()))#定义查询d=cur.fetchall()  #fetchall：接收全部的返回结果行if len(d)>0:RPi.GPIO.setmode(RPi.GPIO.BCM)RPi.GPIO.setup(RELAY,RPi.GPIO.OUT)RPi.GPIO.output(RELAY,RPi.GPIO.HIGH)time.sleep(time_out)RPi.GPIO.output(RELAY,RPi.GPIO.LOW)time.sleep(time_out)RPi.GPIO.cleanup()#关闭cur.close()cxn.commit()cxn.close()server = socket.socket()
server.bind(("192.168.43.197",12348)) #绑定要监听的端口port
server.listen(5) # 监听，这里表示最多有5个客户端连接服务器，python2不好使
print('waiting the call')
conn,addr = server.accept() # 等电话打进来，每个conn代表一个客户端的连接
print(conn)
print('the call has comming')thread = threading.Thread(target = get_message, args = (conn, ))
thread.start()win = tk.Tk()
win.title('chepai')
win.geometry('960x800')
tk.Label(win, text='车牌号',font=('Arial', 30),width=30,height=10).pack(side='left')#左
var = tk.StringVar()win.mainloop()

Android通过tcp/ip控制gpio从而控制继电器，源码就不贴了，需要的可以去链接下了看看

硬件

1、Raspberry Pi 3B 嵌入式开发板（系统烧写、配置、驱动）
2、7 寸 LCD 触摸屏
3、CSI 摄像头模块（用USB摄像头也行）
4、继电器模块

效果演示

具体效果视频是当时线上答辩演示时拍的，放在b站上。由于懒写论文就没加Android手动控制，反正也无伤大雅演示视频.

就后面增加的Android就是类似聊天框通信的那种，很简单界面布置，就当测试用。切记，本人比较懒，IP写死了，需要同一局域网下。
界面如下 Android

后记

前后大概用了20多天的时间，后面会陆续将每天的工作日记写上来。如果有什么错误或者问题，我应该大部分都有遇到，希望能解决各位心中的疑惑。本来想做到服务器上的，可惜腾讯云太坑了硬是域名解析不了，虽说这个东西只需要到本地局域网就可以了但还是很想过个瘾，只能说小小的遗憾咯~
最后，七夕到处浪，写博客它不香吗
人间清欢不觉淡，谁知其味漫，各位七夕快乐！