十年考研高频单词(资料收积)
2003 Text 1
spymaster /5spai7mB:stE/ 即spy+master,间谍大王、间谍组织首脑。
strategic /strE5ti:dVik/ (战略的;对全局起关键作用的)为strategy(战略,策略)的形容词形式,-ic为形容词后缀。strategy and tactics 战略与战术;a global strategy 全球战略。
lay the roots for 扎根于。
fascinate /5fAsineit/ (使着迷,强烈地吸引),去e加名词后缀-ion即为fascination(入迷;诱惑力),去e加形容词后缀-ing即为fascinating(迷人的),另可记fascism(法西斯主义),fascist(法西斯主义的;法西斯主义者)。He was fascinated with her beauty.他被她的美貌迷住了。
espionage /5espiEnidV, 5espiEnB:V/ (间谍活动)即esp(i)+ion+age,espi即espy(窥探←e-=ex-出来+spy窥探),-ion与-age皆名词后缀,表"活动"。
revolution /7revE5lu:FEn/ (革命;旋转)是revolve(使旋转)的名词形式,"旋转"入"革命"的漩涡。revolve即re+volve,re-反复,volve词根"卷",于是"反复卷"→旋转。
give birth to 分娩;产生;造成。
spook /spu:k/ (幽灵;间谍)可看作sp(y)+o(o)+ok→"幽灵"级的"间谍"窥探(spy)只用两只眼睛(oo)就ok了。
intelligence /in5telidVEns/ (智力;情报)即intel+lig+ence,intel-即inter-(前缀,意为"在......之间"=between,因后接l,故r变形为l),lig词根意为"选择"=lect(i与e元音可替换,ct=G←G就是由一个大C与一个小T组成的),-ence名词后缀,故"从中挑选出所需之物的能力"→智力;"从中挑选出来的东西"→情报。intelligent(聪明的)←intel+lig+ent形容词后缀;intelligible(可理解的,易懂的)←intel+lig+ible形容词后缀。
influential /7influ5enFEl/ (有影响的;有权势的)即in+flu+ential,in-前缀意为"到里面"=into,flu词根意为"流"=flow(flu作单词时意为"流感",即"流行性感冒"),-ential形容词后缀,故"能流到心里面的"→有影响的。名词与动词形式都是influence←in+flu+ence后缀。That man is admired above all men, who is not influenced by money.不为金钱所动的人是最受崇敬的。
compile /kEm5pail/ (编辑;搜集)即com+pile,com-前缀"一起",pile堆,故"把文字堆在一起"→编辑;"把资料堆在一起"→搜集。compiler(编辑)←compil(e)+er表"人";compilation(编纂)←compil(e)+ation名词后缀表"行为"。
splash /splAF/ (n.v.溅)为拟声词。make a splash 炫耀财富;。
prediction /pri5dikFEn/ (预言,预测)即pre+dict+ion,pre-前缀表"在前",dict词根意为"说",-ion名词后缀,故"在事情发生前就说的"→预言,动词为predict←pre+dict。
available /E5veilEbl/ (可用的,可得到的)。
mutually /5mju:tFuEl, 5mju:tjuEl/ (相互地)可看作mut(e)+ual+ly,mute(哑的),-ual形容词后缀,-ly副词后缀,哑巴之间说话只能靠"相互地"交换手势,形容词为mutual(相互的)。The proper basis for marriage is a mutual misunderstandings.婚姻固有的基础是相互误解。
reinforce /7ri:in5fC:s/ (增援,加强)即re+inforce,re-前缀"再"=again,inforce即enforce(加强),故"再次加强"→加强。reinforced concrete 钢筋混凝土。
distribution /7distri5bju:FEn/ (分发)即dis+tribut+ion,dis-前缀"分离"=apart,tribut词根"给",-ion名词后缀,故"给出去"→分发。Of great riches there is no real use, except it be in the distribution.巨大的财富除了散布,没有真正的用途。
dramatic /drE5mAtik/ (戏剧性的;引人注目的;剧烈的)即drama+tic,drama戏剧、剧本,-tic形容词后缀,表"具......性质"。Has anyone ever seen a dramatic critic in the daytime? Of course not. They come out after dark, up to no good.有谁在白天见过戏剧批评家吗?当然没有。他们天黑才露面,不做什么好事情。
take pride in 以......为骄傲。
emergence /i5mE:dVEns/ (显现)为emerge的名词形式,emerge即e+merge,e-=ex-,表"出来",merge意为"结合,兼并",故"从兼并状态中出来"→显现。emergency(紧急情况,突然事件)←e+merg(e)+ency名词后缀。Truth emerges more readily from error than from confusion.在错误中比在混乱中更容易出真理。Coward is one who in a perilous emergency thinks with his legs.懦夫就是在危急时刻用两条腿思考的人。
revive /ri5vaiv/ (v.恢复;复苏)即re+vive,re-前缀"回",vive词根"活的",故"回到活的状态"→复苏。Any great work of art is great because it creates a special world of its own. It revives and readapts time and space.任何伟大的艺术品之所以伟大,是由于它创造了自己特有的世界。它再现并重新改写了时空。
nonconformist /5nCnkEn5fCmist/ (不合传统规范的;不合传统规范的人)即non-(前缀,"不")+conform(遵守)+ist("......的"或"......的人")。
2003 Text 2
重点词汇:
paraphrase /5pArEfreiz/ (n.v.释意)即para+phrase,para-前缀表"在旁边、辅助",phrase即"短语;用短语表达",故"用短语辅助表达"→释意。以para-为前缀的单词还有paragraph(文章的段、节;短评)←para+graph写;parameter(参数)←para+meter计量;parasite(寄生虫)←para+site地点。
biomedical /7baiEu5medikEl/ (生物医学的)←bio生物+medic医疗+al形容词后缀。
respond /ris5pCnd/ (v.回复;响应)即re+spond,re-(=back),spond词根"请求",于是"回复请求"→响应。One of the few experiences which never pall is the experience for watching one's own interests, responds to new stimuli, and develops new thoughts.令人永不生厌的不多的几种体验之一,是观察自己的头脑,看它是如何产生新的兴趣、对新的刺激作出反应及发展新的思想。
advocate /5AdvEkit/ (v.提倡n.倡议者;辩护人)即ad+voc+ate,ad-前缀表"加强",voc词根意为"声音"(即voice,因为元音可任意增减替换),-ate为动词后缀(作名词后缀时表"人")。
argument /5B:^jumEnt/ (辩论;论据,论点)为argue(v.辩论;主张)的名词形式。argument - the longest distance between two points of view 争论--两种观点之间的最远距离。Truth is always the strongest argument.事实永远是最强有力的论据。Never argue at the dinner table, for the one who is not hungry always gets the best of the argument.绝不要在餐桌上争论,因为肚子不饿的人总是占上风。
allegation /7Ali5^eiFEn/ (宣称)即al+leg+ation,al-前缀表"加强",leg词根意为"说"(如legend→leg说+end名词后缀表"物"→人们都在说的东西→传奇),-ation名词后缀。allege为其动词形式。
perplex /pE5pleks/ (使困惑,使复杂化)即per+plex,per-前缀表"完全",plex词根意为"重叠",故"完全重叠在一起分不清了"→困惑。同根词为complex→com一起+plex→重叠在一起的→复杂的;综合的;联合体。
brochure /brEu5FjuE/ (小册子)源自法语,词形与brother相似→兄弟们每人手里拿着本小册子。
immunization /7imju:nai5zeiFEn/ (免疫作用)←immune(免疫的;免除的),immunity(免疫;免除),immunize(使免疫;使免除)。Immune←im+mun+e,im-=in-表"否定"(因后接字母m,故in-变形为im-),mun(本为词根,此不论)可分解为mu+n←读作"母牛"←最初为防天花而施行的最有效的免疫法即是在奶牛身上试验出来的,故谓之"种牛痘"。
vaccine /5vAksi:n/ (疫苗)即vacc(a)+ine,vacca是拉丁文"牛"(开头两字母V和A表带角牛头),-ine后缀多用于医药名词(如medicine),该词是当初科学家发表"牛痘"论文时创造的。vaccination /7vAksi5neiFEn/ (接种疫苗)←vaccin(e)+ation名词后缀。vaccine - a microbe with its face washed 疫苗--洗过脸的微生物。
epidemic /7epi5demik/ (流行的;流行病)与academic形似→学术思潮像流行病一样流行。
deceptive /di5septiv/ (欺骗的,蒙蔽的)→deceive(v.欺骗,蒙蔽)→deception(n.欺骗,蒙蔽),类似单词有receptive(善接受的)→receive(v.接收;招待)→reception(接收;招待;招待会)。deceptions - the oil to the wheels of life 欺骗--生活车轮的润滑油。
ultimate /5Qltimit/ (最终的;根本的),马丁·路德·金(Martin Luther King)说:The ultimate measure of a man is not where he stands in moments of comfort and convenience, but where he stands at times of challenge and controversy.衡量一个人的最终尺度,不是看他在舒适顺利的时候站在哪里,而是看他在受到非难和争议的时候站在哪里。
recruit /ri5kru:t/ (v.征兵;招募n.新兵;新成员)即re+cruit,re-前缀表"反复",cruit词根意为"创造"(=create,因为元音字母可增减替换),玩星际(zerg,哈哈)的时候不就要拼命"反复、一再"地create兵吗?
vicious /5viFEs/ (邪恶的,恶毒的)即vic(e)+ious,vice即名词"邪恶",-ious为形容词后缀。The more virtuous any man is, the less easily does he suspect others to be vicious.任何人越高尚,就越不容易疑心别人邪恶。
ignorance /5i^nErEns/ (无知;不知道)即ig+nor(e)+ance,ig-否定前缀,nor词根表"知道"=know,-ance名词后缀。ignorant(无知的);ignore(v.忽视)。Not ignorance, but the ignorance of ignorance, is the death of knowledge.不是无知,而是对无知的无知,才是知识的死亡。ignorance - when you don't know something and somebody finds it out 无知--你不知道某事而又被人发现了。The more you study, the more you'll find yourself ignorant.越学习越会发现自己无知。ignorant person - is one who doesn't know what you have just found out 无知的人--不知道你刚刚发现的事情的人。
extinguish /iks5tiN^wiF/ (v.熄灭,灭绝)→extinct(a.熄灭的,灭绝的),类似的有distinguish(v.区别,辨别)→distinct(独特的,明显的)。Absence is to love what wind is to fire; it extinguishes the small, it inflames the great.离别之于爱情有如风之于火,它熄灭小火,却使大火燃烧更旺。
bypass /5baipB:s/ 心脏搭桥;ember /5embE/ 灰烬(但火焰尚未完全熄灭),多用复数形式。
2003 Text 3
重点词汇:
merge /mE:dV/ (v.合并)比emerge(v.出现;形成)少首字母e,merger /5mE:dVE/ (n.合并)←merge+r名词后缀。
monopoly /mE5nCpEli/ (n.垄断;专利权)即mono+poly,mono-前缀"单独的",poly(词根=sell)可看作play,于是"一个人玩"→垄断。动词为monopolize←mono+pol(y)+ize动词后缀。含前缀mono-的单词另如:monotonous(单调的)←mono+ton调+ous形容词后缀;monoxide(一氧化物)←mon(o)+ox氧+ide化合物;monocracy(独裁统治)←mono+cracy统治。Liberty and monopoly cannot live together.自由与垄断不能并存。monopoly - business at the end of its journey 垄断--穷途末路的商业。
substantial /sEb5stAnFEl/ (实质的;坚固的;富裕的)←sub在下面+st(=stand)+antial形容词后缀。名词为substance(物质;实质;财产)←sub+st+ance。Every person born in the USA is endowed with life, liberty and a substantial share of the national debt.生在美国的每个人都被赋予生命、自由和国债的大量份额。
reduction /ri5dQkFEn/ (减少)←re(=back)+duc引导+tion名词后缀;reduce /ri5dju:s/ (v.减少;还原)←re+duce。同根词:deduce(v.演绎)←de(=away)+duce;deduction(演绎;推论)←de+duc+tion。The tendency of modern science is to reduce proof to absurdity by continually reducing absurdity to proof.现代科学的趋势,是以不断地把谬论化为证明来使证明沦为谬论。reducing diet - the taming of the chew 节食--驯服咀嚼。
coordinate /kEu5C:dinit/ (使协调;同等的;坐标的;坐标)即co+ordin+ate,co-前缀=together,ordin词根意为"in order",-ate后缀,于是"按次序摆在一起"→使协调;"按次序摆在一起的"→同等的。coordination(协调;同等)←co+ordin+ation名词后缀;coordinator /kEu5C:dineitE/ (协调者;同等的人或物)←co+ordin+at(e)+or人或物。
fierce /fiEs/ (激烈的;凶猛的)The fiercest agonies have shortest reign.最强烈的痛苦持续时间最短。
compete /kEm5pi:t/ (v.竞争;竞赛)即com+pet+e,com-前缀"一起",pet(本为词根,此不论)宠物,"在一起争宠";competition /kCmpi5tiFEn/ (竞争;竞赛)←com+pet+ition名词后缀;competitor /kEm5petitE/ (竞争者)←com+pet+itor后缀表"人"。Art is the unceasing effort to compete with the beauty of flowers - and never succeeding.艺术就是与鲜花之美竞争的不断努力--而且从未成功。The biggest things are always the easiest to do because there is no competition.最大的事总是最容易做的事,因为不存在竞争。
shipper /5FipE/ 托运者,货主。
consolidation /kEn7sCli5deiFEn/ (巩固,加强)←con(=together)+solid坚固+ation名词后缀,动词为consolidate←con+solid+ate。
captive /5kAptiv/ (a.被俘虏的n.俘虏)←capt抓+ive后缀。You're not free until you've been made captive by supreme belief.在被至上的信仰俘获之前,你不是自由的。
discrimination /dis7krimi5neiFEn/ (辨别;歧视)即dis分离+crimin+ation名词后缀,crimin可看作criminal(罪犯)→要把罪犯"辨别"开来,但不可"歧视";动词为discriminate←dis+crimin+ate。discriminate between 区分,辨别;discriminate against 歧视,不一样对待。
switching /5switFiN/ (n.开关;转换)←switch+ing,switch(v.n.开关;转换),-ing后缀。When the man you like switches from what he said a year ago, or four years ago, he is a broadminded person who has courage enough to change his mind with changing conditions. When a man you don't like does it, he is a liar who has broken his promises.当你喜欢的人改变一年前或四年前的说法时,他是个有足够勇气随时修正意见的坦荡的人;当你不喜欢的人这么做,他就是个食言的骗子。
subscribe /sEb5skraib/ (v.订购;捐助;签署;赞成)即sub在下面+scribe写→"在下面写上自己的名字",名词为subscription;同根词describe(v.描述)即de向下+scribe写→"写下来",名词为description。subscriber - someone who wants to read the same every morning, but on freshly printed paper 捐款者--每天早上都想读到同一内容的人,但要在新印的报纸上。
flourish /5flQriF/ (v.繁荣)即flour+ish动词后缀,flour为词根=flower,也可看作单词"面粉"→"使像面粉一样撒得到处都是"→繁荣。The sciences are of sociable disposition, and fourish best in the neighborhood of each other.各门科学性喜交际,因而在相邻地带最为繁荣。
arbiter /5B:bitE/ (仲裁者,权威人士)可参arbitrary(任意的,专断的)记忆,动词为arbitrate(仲裁)。
fortune /5fC:tFEn/ (运气;财富)可看作for+tune,争取"运气"与"财富"是为了(for)生活的和谐(tune)。Every man is the artisan of his own fortune.每个人都是制造其自身命运的工匠。Honesty is incompatible with amassing a large fortune.诚实与积聚大量财产是不相容的。
invest /in5vest/ (v.投资)←in+vest,in在里面,vest看作单词"马甲","投资大量金钱生产马甲"。It is very much easier for a rich man to invest and grow richer than for the poor man to begin investing at all.富人投资并变得更加富有,要比穷人能够开始投资容易得多。
attitude /5Atitju:d/ (态度;看法;姿势)与latitude(纬度)一起记:因为"态度"的"态"拼音声母为t,故attitude双写t;因为"纬度"是标示在一根根与赤道平行的拉(la)长的纬线上的,故latitude以la开头。Civilization is a method of living, an attitude of equal respect for all men.文明是一种生活方法,一种对所有的人同样尊重的态度。
apprehensive /7Apri5hensiv/ (有理解力的;忧虑的)←ap(=to)+prehen抓+sive形容词后缀,名词为apprehension(理解;忧虑)←ap+prehen+sion;同根词:comprehensive(能理解的;广泛的)、comprehension(理解;包含)。
2003 Text 4
重点词汇:
inevitable /in5evitEbl/ (不可避免的;必然的)←in+evitable,in-否定前缀,evitable=avoidable可避免的。Change is inevitable. In a progressive country change is constant.变革不可避免,在进步的国家里变革是永恒的。the inevitable of history 历史必由之路。
life expectancy 预期寿命。
depression /di5preFEn/ (消沉;萧条)←de向下+press压+ion名词后缀,动词为depress(压抑;使沮丧)。Noble deeds and hot baths are the best cures for depression.高尚的行为和热水澡是治疗抑郁的最佳方法。It's recession when your neighbor loses his job; it's a depression when you lose yours.邻居失业的时候就是经济衰退,自己失业的时候就是经济萧条。
cataract /5kAtErAkt/ (大瀑布;白内障)可看作cat+ar+act,cat猫,ar啊~~,act动作,"猫啊一声从'大瀑布'里跳出来摔成了'白内障'",白内障的主要症状就是自觉眼睛前面有条瀑布而视物不清。
surgical /5sE:dVikEl/ (外科的;外科医生的;手术的;手术;外科病房)←surg+ical;surgery(外科;外科学;手术;手术室)←surg+ery;surgeon /5sE:dVEn/ (外科医生;军医)←surg+eon。
genetically /dVi5netikEli/ (由遗传决定地)←gene基因+tical形容词后缀+ly副词后缀。
disintegrate /dis5inti^reit/ (使分裂;使解体)←dis使分离+integrate,integrate(使成为一体)←integr完整+ate动词后缀;integer(整数;完整的东西);integrity(完整;诚实;正直)。
perish /5periF/ (丧生;凋谢;消亡)←per(=away)+ish动词后缀。The great tragedy of life is not that men perish but that they cease to love.人生的巨大悲剧不是人们死亡,而是他们不再去爱。
obvious /5CbviEs/ (显而易见的)可把b看作6,再把vi看作罗马数字6,两边的两个o看作两只眼睛,-ous为形容词后缀,因为6=6,所以b=vi,这是"显而易见的"。No question is so difficult to answer as that to which the answer is obvious.最难回答的问题是答案明显的问题。
aggressive /E5^resiv/ (侵略的;好斗的;有进取心的)←ag(=to)+gress走+ive形容词后缀。War is an aggressive action of man to man independent of his own will.战争是人对人的侵略行为,不为其自身意志左右。
unsustainable /7QnsEs5teinEbl/ (不能持续的)即un+sustain+able,un-前缀表否定,sustain /sEs5tein/ (支撑;保持)←sus(=sub)在下面+tain(=hold)。同根词:contain(包含)←con一起+tain;retain(保留)←re再+tain。sustainable development 可持续发展。
reverse /ri5vE:s/ (颠倒的;使倒转;背面)←re(=back)+verse(=turn)。The historian is a prophet in reverse.史学家是颠倒的预言家。
infirm /in5fE:m/ (虚弱的;不坚固的)←in否定前缀+firm坚固的。
potential /pE5tenF(E)l/ (潜在的;潜力)可看作pot+ent+ial,pot即"罐子",-ent与-ial是后缀,"暂时藏在罐子里面的东东"→潜在的、潜力。Most of us haven't begun to tap our own potential for happiness.我们大多数人尚未着手开发自身获得幸福的潜力。
routinely /ru:5ti:nli/ (例行公事地)←routine+ly,routine可看作由route与in组成→"按路线走的"→常规的;惯例。Man's usual routine is to work and to dream.人的日常行为就是工作与梦想。
humble /5hQmbl/ (卑贱的;谦卑的v.贬抑)A humble man argues for his fault, while a brave man makes his faults known to all.卑微的人为自己的过失辩解,勇敢的人则把自己的过失公之于众。
pursuit /pE5sju:t/ (追求;职业)←pursu(e)+it名词后缀;动词为pursue(追求;从事)。Love is strongest in pursuit; friendship in possession.爱情在追求的时候最热烈,友情是在拥有的时候。
therapy /5WerEpi/ (治疗;理疗)可看作the+rap轻敲+y名词后缀←"一种轻轻叩击的方法"。
fatal /5feitl/ (致命的,毁灭性的)←fat(e)命运+al。It is most important in this world to be pushing, but it is fatal to seem so.世间最重要的是有进取心,但徒有其表是致命的。
extravagantly /iks5trAvE^Entli/ (奢侈地)←extra(=ex)加强语气+vag大+ant形容词后缀+ly;extravagant(奢侈的)←extra+vag+ant;extravagance(奢侈)←extra+vag+ance。Waste of time is the most extravagant and costly of all expenses.时间的浪费是一切花费中最奢侈、最昂贵的一种。extravagance - anything you buy that is of no earthly use to your wife 奢侈--你所买的对妻子毫无用处的任何东西。
2002 Text 1
重点词汇:
identify /ai5dentifai/ (辨别;视为同一)即ident+ify,ident词根"同一",-ify动词后缀"使......";identification(识别;身份证明)←identify去y加-ication名词后缀;identical(同一的)←ident+ical形容词后缀。Any man over thiry identifies his youth with the worst fault he thinks he is capable of.任何过了三十岁的人都把自己的青年时代视为自认所能犯下的最大错误。
relevant /5relivEnt/ (相关的;意义重大的)即re+lev+ant,re-前缀,lev词根"升,举",-ant形容词后缀,故"从......升起的"→"源自......的"→相关的。同根词:elevate(升举,提高)←e+lev+ate;elevator(电梯,升降机)←e+lev+at(e)+or。The discovery and use of knowledge has always been relevant to a humane future.对于一个人道的未来,知识的发现与运用一直是关系重大的。
sympathy /5simpEWi/ (n.同情;共鸣)即sym+path+y,sym-(=syn-,在p前n变形为m以方便发音,前缀"同"),path词根"感情",-y抽象名词后缀;sympathize/sympathise(v.同情;共鸣),-ize/-ise为动词后缀;sympathetic(同情的;共鸣的)←sym+path+etic形容词后缀。Next to love, sympathy is the divinest passion of the human heart.同情心是人类心中仅次于爱的最神圣的情感。Anybody can sympathize with the sufferings of a friend, but it requires a very fine nature to sympathize with a friend's success.人人都能同情朋友的痛苦,然而共享朋友的成功需要非常优良的品性。To be sympathetic without discrimination is so very debilitating.有同情心而无识别力是多么虚弱。
alternatively /R:l5t\:nEtivli/ (二者择一地;另外)←alter改变+nat(e)+ive+ly;alternative(二者择一的;供选择的事物)←alter+nat(e)+ive;alternate(v.交替;交替的)←alter+nate。The more alternative, the more difficult the choice.可选择的东西越多,就越难选择。Love's alternate joy and woe.爱情就是交替的欢乐与痛苦。
convention /kEn5venFEn/ (大会;惯例;公约)即con+ven(t)+tion,con-一起,ven(t)来,-tion名词后缀,故"人们来到一起"→开"大会",而"大会制定的规则"即是"公约",公约遵守时间长了就成为"惯例"。The danger doesn't lie in the hypothetical disasters of revolution, but in conventions impeding progress.危险不在于革命的臆测的灾难,而在于阻碍进步的成规。
stomp /stCmp/ (n.v.重踏)←stamp(邮票;标志)也有相同含义,想象"猛盖邮戳"→重踏。
appropriate /E5prEupriit/ (适当的)即ap+propri+ate,ap-前缀加强语气,propri看作proper(适当的),-ate后缀;inappropriate /7inE5prEupriit/ (不适当的)←in否定前缀+appropriate。Extreme remedies are very appropriate for extreme diseases.烈性药物对于重病是非常适宜的。←这句话是西方医学之父希波克拉底说的。
inedible /in5edibl/ (不可食的)←in否定前缀+ed(=eat)+ible能......的。
resent /ri5zent/ (v.愤怒、怨恨)即re+sent,re(=against反对),sent(=sense感觉),于是"在感觉上反对"→愤恨。People don't resent having nothing nearly as much as too little.人们所不满的往往是太少,而不是没有。
disparaging /dis5pAridViN/ (轻视的)←dis否定前缀+par平等+ag(e)后缀+ing后缀。
scapegoat /5skeip^Eut/ (替罪羊)可这样记:escape(n.v.逃跑)←e+scape,把e看作ex-,则scape就是没有"离开"的→"逃不掉的"→"留下来替罪的",于是scape+goat→替罪羊。与"羊"有关的另一习语:black sheep(害群之马;败家子),源自谚语There is a black sheep in every flock.
casual /5kAVjuEl/ (偶然的;漫不经心的)即cas降落+ual后缀;casualty(严重意外事故;伤亡者)←cas+ual+ty名词后缀。As sheer casual reading-matter, I still find the English dictionary the most interesting books in our language.作为纯粹随意浏览的读物,我还是觉得英语词典是以我们的语言写成的最有趣的书。
off-the-cuff 即席的。
deliver /di5livE/ (v.传递;释放;发表;分娩)即de+liver,de-前缀"使",liver(=liber)词根"自由",于是从"使自由"推出deliver的各项含义;delivery /di5livEri/ (传递)←deliver+y名词后缀。Lord, deliver me from myself.主啊,解放不能自拔的我吧。The day of the printed word is far from ended. Swift as is the delivery of the radio bulletin, graphic as is television's eyewitness picture, the task of adding meaning and clarity remains urgent.印刷文字的时代远未结束。尽管广播新闻传递迅速,电视现场画面生动,补充事件含义进而澄清事实的任务仍旧是迫切的。
light-hearted 轻松愉快的。
familiar /fE5miljE/ (熟悉的;亲近的)即famil(y)+iar形容词后缀,"感觉像家一样的";familiarity(熟悉)←familiar+ity名词后缀。The two most engaging powers of an author are to make new things familiar, and familiar things new.作家最吸引人的两种力量,是使新鲜的事物变得熟悉,和使熟悉的事物变得新鲜。familiarity - the opiate of the imagination 熟悉--想象力的麻醉剂。
exaggeration /i^7zAdVE5reiFEn/ (夸张)←ex加强语气+agger堆积+ation名词后缀;exaggerate(夸张)←ex+agger+ate动词后缀。We exaggerate misfortune and happiness alike. We are never either so wretched or so happy as we say we are.不幸和幸福被我们同样夸大了。我们从不像我们所说的那么痛苦,也从不那么快乐。exaggeration - a truth that has lost its temper 夸张--发脾气的真理。
understatement /QndE5steitmEnt/ (掩饰;轻描淡写的陈述)←under+statement;反义词:overstatement(夸大的陈述)←over+statement。
privilege /5privilidV/ (n.优惠;特权v.给予优惠或特权)即privi+leg+e,privi(=private)词根"私人的",leg词根"法律"(如legal"法律的;合法的"←leg+al),e为小词,于是"私人的法律"→特权。To have become a deeper man is the privilege of those who have suffered.变得更加深谋远虑是受过磨难的人的特权。
effectively /i5fektivli/ (有效地)即ef+fect+ive+ly,ef-前缀表"加强",fect词根"做",-ive形容词后缀,-ly副词后缀;去ly即为形容词effective。The most effective water power in the world - women's tears.世界上最有效的水力--女人的眼泪。effective communication - 20 per cent what you know and 80 per cent how you feel about what you know 有效的交际--20%你所了解的东西加80%你对所了解的东西的感受。
重点词汇:
ingenuity /7indVi5nju:iti/ (独创性;灵活性)←ingenu+ity,ingenu(=ingenious独创的;灵活的),-ity名词后缀。
burdensome /5bE:dnsEm/ (繁重的;难以负担的)←burden负担+some形容词后缀。What a heavy burden is a name that has become famous.广为人知的名字是多么沉重的负担啊。
nasty /5nAsti/ (讨厌的;肮脏的;下流的......)Diplomacy is to do and say the nastiest thing in the nicest way.外交就是以最优雅的方式办最nasty的事,说最nasty的话。←nasty在此句实在不好翻译。
compulsion /kEm5pQlF(E)n/ (强制)即com一起+puls(=drive)+ion名词后缀,"不由分说全拖到一起"→强制;compulsory(强制的;必修的)←com+puls+ory形容词后缀。compulsion - a highbrow term for a temptation we're not trying too hard to resist 强制--对人们并不想坚持拒绝的诱惑的一种高雅说法。Bodily exercise, when compulsory, does no harm to the body; but knowledge which is acquired under compulsion obtains no hold on the mind.强制的身体锻炼不会损害身体,但被迫学习的知识占据不了头脑。←柏拉图老师说的。
robotics /rEu5bCtiks/ (机器人学)即robot+ics,robot机器人,-ics后缀表"学科",如physics、aesthetics(美学)。robo-driver即robot driver。
assembly /E5sembli/ (集会;装配)是assemble的名词形式,-y为名词后缀;assemble谐音"啊,三步",曹植七步成诗,而"装配"只需三步(三个步骤)!In most communities it is illegal to cry "fire" in a crowded assembly.在大多数社会中,在拥挤的集会上喊"着火啦"是违法的。
terminal /5tE:minl/ (终端的;期末的;终端;终点站)←termin期限+al后缀;terminate(中止)←termin+ate动词后缀,施瓦辛格演的电影《终结者》就叫Terminator(-or后缀表"人")。It's all right to have a train of thoughts, if you have a terminal.想法成串并没关系,只要有个止点。
miniaturization /7miniEtFErai5zeiFEn/ (小型化)即mini+atur(e)+iz(e)+ation;mini词根"小"(比如有个好东西叫mini skirt),-ature名词后缀,-ize动词后缀,-ation名词后缀;miniature(小型的;缩影)←mini+ature。A day is a miniature of eternity.一天是永恒的缩影。
laborsaving /5leibE7seiviN/ (节省劳力的)←labor劳动+saving节省的。
supervision /7sju:pE5viVEn/ (监督)即super+vis+ion,super-前缀"在上面",vis词根"看"(如visual→vis+ual形容词后缀→视觉的),-ion名词后缀。
specific /spi5sifik/ (具体的;特定的;特效药)即speci+fic,speci词根=species(种类),-fic形容词后缀"使成为......的",故"使成为某个具体种类的"→特定的。Time and again I have emerged from a course of reading in philosophy with the conviction that the authors were really avoiding specific problems by converting them into tenuous sophistries that have very little real meaning.我一再退出对哲学的钻研,深信作者们确实是在以将具体问题换成几乎没有实际意义的贫乏诡辩来躲避它们。
reliable /ri5laiEbl/ (可靠的)←reli+able,reli即rely(v.依赖;信任),-able后缀"可......的"。Without criticism and reliable and intelligent reporting, the government can not govern.没有批评和可靠而明智的新闻报道,政府无法统治。
artificial /7B:ti5fiFEl/ (人工的,人造的)即art+i+fic+ial,art词根"人工",-i-连结元音,fic词根"做",-ial形容词后缀。Of all artificial relations formed between mankind, the most capricious and variable is that of author and reader.在人与人之间形成的所有人为关系中,最变化无常的是作者与读者的关系。artificial intelligence - the art of making computers that behave like the ones in movies 人工智能--制造电脑的艺术,使它们的行为像电影里的人一样。
perception /pE5sepFEn/ (感觉;理解)即per+cept+ion,per-前缀"全部",cept词根"抓"(=capt,因为元音可替换,capture→capt+ure后缀→n.v.捕获),-ion名词后缀,故"把外界信息'全部''抓住'"→感知。The perception of beauty is a moral test.对美的理解是道德的检验。
complicated /5kCmplikeitid/ (复杂的;难解的)即com+plic+at(e)+ed,com-前缀"一起",plic词根"折叠",-ate动词后缀+-ed后缀"已......的",故"全都折叠在一起的"→复杂的;complicate(使复杂)←com+plic+ate;complication(复杂情况;并发症)←com+plic+ation。I never blame failures - there are too many complicated situations in life, but I am absolutely merciless toward lack of effort.我从不责备失败--生活中复杂的情况实在太多,但对于不努力,我绝不宽恕。
previously /5pri:vjjEsli/ (先前地)即previous+ly,previous(先前的)即pre+vi+ous,pre-前缀"在前的",vi(=via)词根"路",-ous形容词后缀,故"在前面就上路的"→先前。A creative artist works on his next composition because he is not satisfied with his previous one.有创造性的艺术家致力于自己的下一个作品,因为他不满意前一个。
irrelevant /i5relivEnt/ (不相关的)即ir+relevant,ir-否定前缀(=in-,在r前n变形为r),relevant /5relivEnt/ (相关的)参2002年Text 1。
instantaneously /7instEn5teinjEsli/ (瞬间地)即instant+aneous+ly,instant单词"立刻的;速溶的;瞬间),-aneous形容词后缀。
suspicious /sEs5piFEs/ (可疑的;多疑的)←suspic(=suspect)怀疑+ious。Plagiarists are always suspicious of being stolen from.剽窃者总是疑心文字被人盗用。
neuroscientist /7nju[r[u5sai[ntist/ (神经科学家)←neuro(=nerve)+scientist。
perceive /pE5si:v/ (察觉;感知)即per+ceive,是perception(见前述)的动词形式,per-前缀"全部",ceive词根"抓"。同根词:receive(v.收到)←re(=back)+ceive,"抓回来";deceive(v.欺骗)←de在下面+ceive,"在下面搞小动作"。There are no new truths, but only truths that have not been recognised by those who have perceived them without noticing.没有什么新的真理,只有人们不经意地感觉到但没有认识到的真理。
elite /ei5li:t/ (精英)用谐音记:"爱理他"→"精英人士"每个人都爱理他。
gizmo /5^izmEu/ 小发明;hum /hQm/ 嗡嗡声、轰鸣声。
2002 Text 3
重点词汇:
decline /di5klain/ (n.v.下降;衰落v.谢绝)←de向下+cline倾斜;同根词:incline(v.倾斜;倾向于n.斜坡)←in(=to)+cline。People decline invitations when they are "indisposed" physically, and I wish they would do likewise when they fell indisposed emotionally.人们在身体"不适"时谢绝邀请,我希望他们在觉得情绪上不适时也能同样做。We perceive when love begins and when it declines by our embarrassment when alone together.我们由仅余两人时的局促不安察觉爱情于何时发生,何时减退。
OPEC(石油输出国组织)即Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries。
scary /5skZEri/ (引起惊慌的)即scar(e)+y,scare(n.v.惊恐),-y形容词后缀。More powerful creation may scare many people away, but more intrepid people will be captivated by it.更加强有力的作品可能吓退许多人,但比较勇敢的人们会被它吸引住。
quadruple /5kwCdrupl/ (四倍的;使成四倍;四倍)即quadru+ple,quadru-前缀"四"(=quarter),ple词根"折叠",complicated所含的词根plic也是"折叠"的意思(参2002年Text 2)。
triple /5tripl/ (三倍的;使成三倍;三倍)即tri+ple,tri-前缀"三",如triangle(三角形)←tri+angle角。
inflation /in5fleiFEn/ (膨胀;通货膨胀;自夸)即in+flat+ion,in-(=into),flat词根"吹",-ion名词后缀,故"往里面吹"→膨胀。Inflation: When nobody has enough money because everybody has too much.通货膨胀:由于人人钱太多而谁的钱都不够的时候。
gloom /^lu:m/ (v.n.阴暗;忧愁),形容词为gloomy /5^lu:mi/ (阴暗的;阴沉的),那首据说有杀人魔力的歌曲就叫Gloomy Sunday。Love is the flame of life, without it, everything in life becomes gloomy.爱是生命的火焰,没有它,生命中的一切都变得暗淡无光。
doom /du:m/ (n.厄运v.注定)。A society that gives to one class all the opportunities for leisure, and to another all the burdens of work, dooms both classes to spiritual sterility.一个将闲暇的全部机会都给予一个阶级,而将劳作的全部重负都给予另一个阶级的社会,注定了两个阶级都处于精神贫瘠。
suspend /sEs5pend/ (v.悬挂;延缓)即sus+pend,sus-前缀"在下面",pend词根"挂",故"暂且挂在下面不管"→搁置;名词形式为suspension /sEs5penFEn/ ←sus+pens挂+ion。The best of men cannot suspend their fate.最好的人也无法推迟死亡。
consequence /5kCnsikwEns/ (后果;重要性)←con+sequ(=follow)+ence。It is easy to dodge our responsibilities, but we cannot dodge the consequences of dodging our responsibilities.逃避责任很容易,但逃避责任的后果我们却无法逃避。With books, as with companions, it is of more consequence to know which to avoid, than which to chuse(chuse是古英语=choose).读书如交友,懂得避开哪些比懂得选择哪些更重要。
conservation /7kCnsE(:)5veiFEn/ (保护;保存;守恒)即con+serv(e)+ation,con-前缀"全部",serve词根"保持"(=keep),-ation名词后缀;动词为conserve←con+serve。A state without the means of some change is without the means of its conservation.不具备某种变革手段的国家也不具备保存自己的手段。
energy-intensive 能源密集型。
consumption /kEn5sQmpFEn/ (消费量,消耗)即consum(e)+ption,consume(v.消费,消耗),-ption名词后缀,m后加p便于发音,如assume(假定;承担;呈现)→assumption、presume(v.假设)→presumption。Conspicuous consumption of valuable goods is a means of reputability to the gentleman of leisure.引人注目地挥霍贵重财物是有闲绅士取得名声的手段。We have no more right to consume happiness without producing it than to consume wealth without producing it.我们没有权利享用幸福而不创造幸福,正像没有权力享用财富而不创造财富一样。
consultancy /kEn5sQltEnsi/ (顾问工作;咨询业)←consult+ancy名词后缀;consult(v.商量;查询;会诊)←比consul(领事)在最后多字母t,"他(t)去找'领事''商量'",名词为consultation←consult+ation名词后缀。Well, one can always consult a man and ask him: "Would you like your head cut off tomorrow?" and after he has said: "I would rather not", cut it off. Consultation is a vagues and elastic term.是的,什么时候都可以跟一个人商量,问他:"你愿意明天被砍头吗?"接着,在他说了"我不愿意"之后,砍掉他的脑袋。磋商是个含糊的带弹性的词。←这是英国老流氓丘吉尔说的,意思是:既然不愿意明天砍头,那么就在今天砍吧。
GDP(国民生产总值)即Gross Domestic Product。
OECD(经济合作与发展组织)即Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development。
estimate /5estimeit/ (v.n.估计,估价)。True modesty does not consist in an ignorance of our merits, but in a due estimate of it.真正的谦虚不在于对自己的长处一无所知,而在于对它们的恰当评价。
excess(/5ekses/ n.过量 /ik5ses/ a.额外的)即ex+cess,ex-前缀"出",cess词根"走",故"走到范围之外的"→过量的;动词形式为exceed(超过)←ex+ceed走。The best things carried to excess are wrong.最好的东西超过限度也会变坏。He is poor whose expenses exceed his income.开支超过收入的人就是穷人。
sizable /5saizEbl/ (相当大的)←siz(e)+able;size(大小,尺寸)。You can tell the size of a man by the size of the things that make him mad.根据使一个人发怒的事情的大小,可以判断这个人的气量。
significant /si^5nifikEnt/ (有意义的;重要的)即signify(y变形为i)表示+cant形容词后缀,"值得表示的"→有意义的;signify即sign+ify,sign标记,-ify动词后缀,"作标记"→表示。An art is only great and significant if it is one that all may enjoy.艺术作品只有在所有人都可以欣赏时才是伟大的、重要的。Love has various lodgings; the same word does not always signify the same thing.爱拥有形形色色的住所,同一个词不总是意味着同样的东西。
2002 Text 4
重点词汇:
suicide /5sjuisaid/ (v.n.自杀)即sui+cide,sui词根=self,cide词根"切"=cut,于是"拿刀切自己"→自杀。Every suicide is a solution to a problem.每件自杀都是对一个问题的解决。suicide - the only perfect crime that remains unpunished 自杀--唯一不受惩罚的完美罪行。
constitutional /7kCnsti5tju:FEnEl/ (构成的;体质的;宪法的)即con+stitut(e)+ion+al,con-前缀"一起",stitute词根"建立",-ion名词后缀,-al形容词后缀;名词形式为constitution(构成;体质;宪法)←con+stitut(e)+ion;动词为constitute(构成)←con+stitute。Why is woman persistently regarded as a mystery? It is not that she has labored to conceal the organic and psychological facts of her constitution, but that men have showed no interest in exploring them.为什么女人总是被视为神秘的事物?原因并不是她极力隐瞒了关于自身生理与心理的事实,而是男人从来就没有对探索这些事实表现过兴趣。The two powers which in my opinion constitute a wise man are those of bearing and forbearing.在我看来,造就智者的两种力量是忍受和克制。
principle /5prinsEpl/ (原理;信念)可把princi看作print(印刷),ple看作"倍数"(如quadruple、triple,参2002年Text 3),于是"反反复复印刷的东西"→原理(联想:地下党反复印刷革命刊物宣传马克思主义原理)。When a fellow says, "It isn't the money but the principle of the thing," it's the money.当一个人说"这不是钱的问题而是原则问题"时,那就是钱的问题。
foresee /fC:5si:/ (v.预知)即fore+see,fore前缀"在前"(如forehead额←fore+head),see看,"在事情发生前就能看到"→预知。He who foresees calamities suffers them twice over.预见灾难的人承受了它们两次。
sufficient /sE5fiFEnt/ (足够的)即suf+fici+ent;suf-前缀"在下"(=sub-,f前b变形为f),fici看作face面(元音字母替换),-ent形容词后缀,低于(suf)平均水平(fici)的(ent)消费使本来不多的收入变得"足够的";insufficient /7insE5fiFEnt/ (不足的)←in否定前缀+sufficient。Life is the art of drawing sufficient conclusions from insufficient premises.生活是从不足的前提得出足够的结论的艺术。
mediation /7mi:di5eiFEn/ (仲裁,媒介作用)即medi+ation,medi(=middle)词根"中间的",-ation名词后缀,文中指代"镇痛剂"。同根词:medium(中等的;媒介;手段)←medi+um后缀。
maintain /mein5tein/ (v.维修;维持;支持)即main+tain,main词根=hand,tain词根=hold(参unsustainable,2003年Text 4)。He who tells a lie is not sensible how great a task he undertakes; for he must invent twenty more to maintain that one.说谎者没有意识到自己要承担多么艰巨的任务,因为他必须再说二十个谎言来维持这个谎言。
prescribe /pris5kraib/ (v.指示;开处方)←pre在前+scribe写,"在拿药之前写"→开处方。If I were a medical man, I should prescribe a holiday to any patient who considered his work important.我如果是医生,就会开处方给所有认为自己的工作非同小可的病人放一天假。
legitimate /li5dVitimit/ (合法的;v.合法)即legitim+ate,legitim词根"合法"(leg即词根"法律"),-ate后缀。
homicide /5hCmisaid/ (n.杀人,杀人者)即homi+cide,homi词根"人"=human,cide词根"切"=cut。
debate /di5beit/ (v.n.争论,辩论)即de+bate,de-向下,bate词根"打"=beat,"通过语言把对手打倒"→"辩论"。同根词:combat(v.n.战斗,格斗)←com一起+bat。Debate is the best catalyst of thought.争论是思想最好的催化剂。
ineffectual /7ini5fektjuEl/ (无效的)←in否定前缀+effect效果+ual形容词后缀,与ineffective意思相近但有区别,ineffectual强调"不起作用的",ineffective强调"效率低的"。
hospice /5hCspis/ (收容所)可看作hosp(ital)+ice,医院里什么都没有,只有冰,于是就不能再叫医院了,叫"收容所"。
predictably /pri5diktEbli/ (可预言地)←pre+dict+abl(e)+(l)y,参prediction(2003年Text 1)。
systematic /7sisti5mAtik/ (系统的;有计划的)←system系统+-atic形容词后缀。systematic liar 故意说谎者。
incompetently /in5kCmpitEntli/ (无能力地)即in+competent+ly,in-否定前缀,competnet(有能力的),-ly副词后缀。
define /di5fain/ (下定义;限定)即de+fine,de-向下,fine词根"界限"。Man is made in such a way that he continually has to define himself and continually escape his own definitions.人注定要不断地给自己下定义,又不断地逃避他自己的定义。
desperate /5despErit/ (绝望的;不顾一切的)←desper+ate,desper同despair(v.n.绝望),-ate形容词后缀。If the failures of this world could realize how desperate half the present-day geniuses once felt, they would take heart and try again.世上的失败者若能了解到当今的天才有半数一度感到过多么绝望,他们就会振作精神再次努力。It is a characteristic of wisdom not to do desperate things.不做孤注一掷之事是智者的特征。
morphine /5mC:fi:n/ 吗啡(音译);well-meaning 善意的。
2001 Passage 1
重点词汇:
specialisation /7speFElai5zeiFEn/ (专业化)即special+is(e)+ation,special(特别的;额外的),-ise动词后缀(specialise即v.专业化),-ation名词后缀;specialist(专家;专科医生)←special+ist后缀表"人"。Love is a special affection for a man or a woman, which is stronger than that for any other person.爱情是对一个男人或女人的特殊的好感,它比对其他任何人的好感都强烈。specialist - a doctor whose patients can be ill only during office hours 专科医生--一位医生:他的病人只有在上班时间才能生病。specialist - one who knows more and more about less and less 专家--对越来越少的东西懂得越来越多的人。
response /ris5pCns/ (回复;响应)是respond(见2003年Text 2)的名词形式。The sartorial artist no less than the sculptor, the painter and the musician dreams of creations that will awaken a response in the soul of the world.好裁缝跟雕塑家、画家和音乐家一样,梦想着能在世人灵魂中引起反响的作品。
accumulation /Ekju:mju5leiF(E)n/ (积累,堆积)即accumulate+ation,accumulate(v.积累,堆积),-ation名词后缀。University are full of knowledge; the freshmen bring a little in and the seniors take none away, and knowledge accumulates.大学里充满了知识,新生带进来一些,高年级学生则一点也不带走,于是知识就积累了下来。
professionalisation /7prE5feFEnElai5zeiFEn/ (职业化)即professional+is(e)+ation,professional(职业的;职业人员),-ise动词后缀(professionalise即v.职业化),-ation名词后缀。In love woman are professionals, men are amateurs.在恋爱中女子是专业者,男子是业余者。
clear-cut 明确的,清晰的。
amateur /5AmEtE/ (业余的;业余爱好者)可记谐音"爱慕它","业余爱好者"选择某专业必定是"爱慕它"。Every artist was once an amateur.所有的艺术家都曾经是业余爱好者。
distinction /dis5tiNkFEn/ (差别,区分)即distinct+ion,distinct(清楚的,明显的),-ion名词后缀。同根词:extinct灭绝(因为有x而省略s);instinct本能。Success seems to be that which forms the distinction between confidence and conceit.成功似乎是形成自信与自负区别的东西。
connotation /7kCnEu5teiFEn/ (涵义)即con+not(e)+ation,con-前缀"一起",note记录,-ation名词后缀,"所有东西都被一起记录在其中"→涵义。
integrate /5inti^reit/ (使成为一体)←integr完整+ate,参disintegrate(2003年Text 4)。
participation /pB:7tisi5peiFEn/ (参加;分享)即parti+cip+ation,parti(=part),cip(=cap)抓(参captive,2003年Text 3),-ation名词后缀,"抓取其中一部分"→分享;动词为participate←parti+cip+ate。We participate in a tragedy; at a comedy we only look.悲剧我们参加,喜剧我们仅仅观看。
in terms of 依据;用......措辞。
reveal /ri5vi:l/ (v.展现;揭示;泄露)即re+veal,re-前缀(=away),veal(=veil)面纱,"揭开面纱"→展示。A person reveals his character by nothing so clearly as the joke he resents.没有什么比一个人所反感的笑话更能显露他的为人。If you reveal your secrets to the wind, you should not blame the wind for revealing them to the trees.你如果把秘密泄露给风,就不应责怪风把秘密泄露给树。
emphasis /5emfEsis/ (强调,重点)可看作em+phasis,em-前缀"强调",phasis看作是phase(阶段)的复述形式,于是"在各阶段里最值得强调的"→强调。I sometime wish that people would put a little more emphasis upon the observance of the law than they do upon its enforcement.有时候我但愿人们多把重点放在遵守法律上,而非强调其实施。
primacy /5praimEsi/ (首要,首位)即prim(e)+acy,prime首要的,-acy名词后缀,primacy与privacy(隐私)一字母之差,"隐私"是最"首要"的。
definition /7defi5niFEn/ (定义)即defin(e)+ition,define(下定义;限定)见2002年Text 4,-ition名词后缀。It is almost a definition of a gentleman to say that he is one who never inflicts pain.说一个人从不给人造成痛苦,这几乎是下了一个关于君子的定义。
represent /7repri5zent/ (v.描述;代表)←re+present。Books only partially represent their authors.图书只是部分地体现了作者。
reflect /ri5flekt/ (v.反射;反映;思考)←re回+flect弯曲。There are two ways of spreading light: To be the candle, or the mirror that reflects it.散布光的方法有两种:当蜡烛或者当反射烛光的镜子。Who reflects too much will accomplish little.思虑过多者一事难成。
referee /7refE5ri:/ (仲裁者v.仲裁)←refer+ee。
separate /5sepEreit/ (分离的v.分离)←se+par+ate,se-前缀"分离",par看作part"分离",-ate后缀。同前缀词:select(v.选择a.精选的)←se+lect选。We sleep in separate rooms, we have dinner apart, we take separate vacations - we're doing everything we can to keep our marriage together.我们在分开的房间睡觉,我们分开吃饭,我们分开度假--我们做着能做的一切以维持婚姻。You can't separate peace from freedom because no one can be at peace unless he has his freedom.你无法将安宁与自由分开,因为得不到自由谁都不会安宁。
delay /di5lei/ (v.n.耽搁,延迟)看作de+lay,de-向下,lay放,把事情暂时"放下"→耽搁。Never delay that should be done today until tomorrow.不要把今天应做的事推迟到明天。
reckon /5rekEn/ (v.认为;估算)看作re+ckon,re-前缀"反复",ckon谐音"啃",题目太难了,需要"re啃"才能"估算"出答案。I reckon being ill as one of the great pleasures of life, provided one is not too ill and is not obliged to work till one is better.我把生病当作人生一大乐趣,只要病得不太严重,并且在好转之前不被要求工作。
crucial /5kru:FEl/ (极重要的,决定性的)即cruc+ial,cruc词根(=cross),-ail形容词后缀,"处于十字路口的"→关键的。
psychology /sai5kClEdVi/ (心理学)←psycho+logy,psycho词根"心理",-logy后缀"......学"。The purpose of psychology is to give us a completely different idea of the things we know best.心理学的用途是告诉我们对最熟悉事物的完全不同的观念。psychology - ①the science that tells you what you already know, in words you can't understand ②the theology of the twentieth century 心理学--①一门科学:它用你听不明白的语言告诉你已经知道的事②20世纪的神学。
in one's own right 凭自身条件;under way 在进行中。
2001 Passage 2
重点词汇:
divide /di5vaid/ (分开;分配;除)是division /di5viVEn/ (分开;部门;除法)的动词形式。The only way on earth to multiply happiness is to divide it.世上唯一能使幸福成倍增加的方法是将其分作几份。Grief can take care of itself, but to get the full value of a joy you must have somebody to divide it with.悲伤只需其自身就足够了,然而要获取一件乐事的充分价值,你就必须找人分享。Instead of this absurd division into sexes they ought to class people as static and dynamic.为取代性别这种荒唐的区别,他们应该把人分成静态与动态两种。
loom /lu:m/ (v.隐约出现;织布机)可看作loo+m,loo即数字100,m即国际单位"米",能织出100米长的布的"织布机";另外布在织成以前是透明的,所以布后面的东西是可以"隐约出现"的。
commercialize /kE5mE:FElaiz/ (使商业化)即commercial+ize,commercial(商业的)←commerc(e)+ial,-ize动词后缀"使......化"。Good manners are the settled medium of social, as specie is of commercial life.礼貌是社会生活固定的中介,就像硬币之于商业生活。commercialism - doing well that which should not be done at all 商业主义--把根本不该做的事做得很好。
universalize /7ju:ni5vE:sElaiz/ (使普遍化)即universal+ize,universal(宇宙的;普遍的)←univers(e)+al,-ize动词后缀"使......化"。Envy is the most universal passion.忌妒是最普遍的情感。universe - merely a fleeting idea in God's mind - a pretty uncomfortable thought, particularly if you're just made a down payment on a house 宇宙--不过是上帝头脑里一个稍纵即逝的想法--一种让人很不舒服的想法,特别是在你刚预付过房子的定金之后。
impoverish /im5pCvEriF/ (使贫穷;使枯竭)←im加强前缀+pover词根+ish动词后缀;同根词:poverty /5pCvEti/ (贫穷)←pover+ty名词后缀。
prejudice /5predVudis/ (偏见v.n.损害)即pre+jud+ice,pre-前缀"在前",jud词根"判断"(=judge),-ice后缀,"在弄清事实之前就做出判断"→偏见,而"偏见"是会招致"损害"的。Prejudice is the child of ignorance.偏见是无知的产物。prejudice - a device enabling you to form opinions without getting the facts 偏见--使你能在不了解事实的情况下形成观点的一种装置。
respect /ris5pekt/ (v.n.尊敬)即re+spect,re-反复,spect词根"看",反复看一个人是对其表示"尊敬";with respect to 关于。All the great religions are fundamentally equal. We must have innate respect for other religions as we have for our own.一切伟大的宗教在根本上都是等同的。我们对于其它宗教,必须像对自己的宗教一样怀着天然的敬意。respect - to admire from a distance 尊敬--从远处赞赏。
sovereignty /5sCvrinti/ (主权;主权国家)即sover+(r)eign+ty,sover(=over)在上,reign统治,-ty名词后缀,"在上面统治";sovereign(统治的;统治者)←sover+(r)eign。Men in great places are thrice servants: servants of the sovereign or state; servants of fame; and servants of business.身居高位者是三重仆人:统治者或国家的仆人,名声的仆人,以及事务的仆人。
infrastructure /5infrE5strQktFE/ (基础设施)即infra+structure,infra-前缀"在下",structure(v.n.构造)。以infra-为前缀的词:infrahuman(类人猿的;类人生物)←infra+human;infrared(红外线的;红外线)←infra+red。
telecom /5telEkCm/ (电信)即telecommunication。
responsible /ris5pCnsEbl/ (负责的;可靠的;责任重大的)即respons(e)+ible,response回应(见2001年Passage 1),-ible能......的,"能得到回应的"→负责的。An idea isn't responsible for the people who believe in it.一种思想对信仰它的人并不负有责任。To be a man is, precisely, to be responsible.确切地说,做男人就是负责任。
in the interest of 为了......的利益;may well 很有可能;lie down 屈从。
2001 Passage 3
重点词汇:
journalism /5dVE:nElizEm/ (新闻;新闻业)即journal+ism,journal(期刊;日志),-ism后缀。journalism - that with which you may fill the space between advertisements 新闻--用以填充广告与广告之间的空隙的东西。
credibility /7kredi5biliti/ (可信性)即cred+ibility,cred词根"相信"(如credit→cred+it→信用),-ibility名词后缀"可......性"(如ability←a+(i)bility)。credibility gap - what happens to the same news between the morning telecast and the evening paper 信用差距--早间电视新闻与晚报之间同一条新闻发生的情况。
head-scratching(令人为难的)即head+scratch+ing,head头,scratch抓,-ing形容词后缀,"急得直抓头"→为难的。
template /5templit/ (模板)可看作templ(e)+ate,temple寺庙,ate吃,现在倾向于素食的人越来越多,而temple是ate素的"模板"(template)。
conventional /kEn5venFEnl/ (传统的,惯例的)←convention+al,参convention(大会;惯例;公约),2002年Text 1。
newsroom /5nju:zrum/ (编辑室;阅览室)←news+room。
backbone /5bAkbEun/ (主干)←back+bone。
survey /sE:5vei/ (v.n.俯瞰;调查)即sur+vey,sur-前缀=super,vey词根"看",故"从上面看"→俯瞰→引申为"调查"。An informal survey shows that what most people wanted for Christmas was two more weeks to prepare for it.一项非正式调查显示,大多数人圣诞节想要的东西是再给两个星期准备过节。
questionnaire /7kwestFE5nZE/ (调查表)←question+naire名词后缀表"物"。
metropolitan /metrE5pRlit(E)n/ (大都市的;大都市的人)即metro+polit+an,metro-前缀"母体,大",同matri-,《黑客帝国》里的电脑"母体"就叫Matrix(即母体这东东太复杂,对任何人来说都是个大的未知数X),polit词根"城市",-an后缀表"......的"或"......的人";也可把polit看作polite(有礼貌的),于是"懂礼貌的大地方"→大都市的。
upscale /5Qpskeil/ (高消费阶层的;质优价高的)←up向上+scale等级。
volunteer /vRlEn5tiE/ (志愿的;志愿者v.志愿)←volunt意愿+eer;voluntary(自愿的)←volunt+ary形容词后缀。Maintain outside interests - volunteer in not-for-profits and stay physically fit.保持业余爱好--自愿做无利可图的事情而保持身体健康。
sponsor /5spCnsE/ (v.发起;赞助n.主办者)←spons(e)词根+or后缀;参response,2001年Passage 1。The longest word in the English language is the one following the phrase: "And now a word from our sponsor."英语中最长的单词是由此引发的:"现在请赞助者×××。"←此处×××不好译,因为显然不能译为"说一个词",而译为"说几句话"则失去了原句的一语双关。
symposium /sim5pEuziEm/ (专题讨论会;专题论文集)即sym+pos+ium,sym-前缀"共同",pos词根"放",-ium后缀表"地方","把共同的问题放在一起讨论"→专题讨论会,"把共同讨论好的问题放在一起"→专题论文集。
bias /5baiEs/ (v.n.偏见)谐音"白饿死",古人有骨气者不吃嗟来之食而饿死,后来某些人对此不以为然,认为这是古人的"偏见",所以是"白饿死"(bias)←白白饿死。
gender /5dVendE/ (性别)可看作gen(e)+der,gene即单词"基因",der谐音"的",故"基因的"→"由基因决定的"→性别。
contradictory /7kCntrE5diktEri/ (反驳的;矛盾的;对立物)即contra+dict+ory,contra-前缀"相反",dict词根"说"(如dictate→dict+ate动词后缀→口述;命令),-ory后缀;contradict(v.反驳;矛盾)←contra+dict。Assertion is not argument, to contradict the statement of an opponent is not proof that you are correct.坚定的看法不是论据,反驳对手的说法不能证明你是正确的。
illuminating /i5lju:mi7neitiN/ (照明的;启发的)即illuminat(e)+ing形容词后缀,illuminate(照明;启发)可看作illumin+ate,illumin谐音"一路明",-ate动词后缀,"使""一路明"→照明→引申为"启发"。The man of science, like the artist, may easily have more facts than he can use. Both seek the one fact out of a million that will illuminate their idea. Both find that it is rarely to be had without research.与艺术家一样,科学家可以轻易得到用不尽的事实。他们都在上百万的事实中寻求能说明自己想法的那一个,都发现未经调查研究而得到它几乎是不可能的。
superficial /sju:pE5fiFEl/ (表面的;肤浅的)即super+fici+al,super-前缀"上面的",fici看作face"表面",-al形容词后缀,"表面上的"→肤浅的。To know things well, we must know them in detail; but as that is almost endless, our knowledge is always superficial and imperfect.为了充分认识事物,我们必须详细了解它们,然而那几乎是没有穷尽的,所以我们的知识总是肤浅和不完善的。
be known as 称为;alien to 为......所不熟悉;put down roots in 定居;get around to 抽时间做。
2001 Passage 4
重点词汇:
acquisition /7Akwi5ziFEn/ (收购;获得;获得物)即acquisit+(t)ion,acquisit为acquire(v.获得)之变形,-tion名词后缀。
hyperactive /7haipE(:)5rAktiv/ (过度活跃的)即hyper+active,hyper-前缀"超过;过度"(h脱落,元音y变u,即为uper),active活跃的。
unsurpassed /5QnsE(:)5pB:st/ (未被超越的)即un+surpass+ed,un-否定前缀,surpass(v.超过)←sur前缀"超"+pass过,-ed形容词后缀。If a pupil looks up at the teacher as a model, but not as a rival, he can never surpass the teacher.弟子如果视老师为榜样而非对手,他就永远超不过老师。
concentration /7kCnsen5treiFEn/ (集中;专心;浓度)即con+centr+ation,con-前缀"一起",centr(=center)词根"中心",-ation名词后缀,"一起聚集在中心的"→集中;专心。No fine work can be done without concentration and self-sacrifice and toil and doubt.没有全神贯注、自我牺牲、辛劳和怀疑,就做不出优秀的工作。concentration - the ability to do your son's homework while he is watching television 专心--儿子看电视时你替他做家庭作业的本事。
multinational /mQlti5nAFEn(E)l/ (跨国公司;跨国公司的)即multi+national,multi-前缀"多"(如multiple→multi+ple倍→v.加倍;多倍的;倍数),national国家的。
affiliate /E5filieit/ (v.附属;附属机构)即af+fili+ate,af-加强前缀,fili谐音"费力",-ate后缀,想让别人成为自己的"附属"是很"费力"的。
phenomenon /fi5nCminEn/ (现象)复数形式为phenomena。Nature is by no means inferior to art, and no works of art is not the imitation of various phenomena of nature.自然绝对不低于艺术,艺术作品无一不是对种种自然现象的模仿。
M&A(兼并与收购)即文中提到的mergers and acquisitions。
detrimental /7detri5mentl/ (有害的)可看作detri+mental,detri谐音"淡吃"(沪方言,表示只吃饭而不吃菜),mental谐音"馒头",于是"淡吃馒头"→天天只吃馒头而不吃菜对身体是"有害的"。
megamerger /5me^EmE:dVE/ (大兼并)←mega大+merger。
supervise /5sju:pEvaiz/ (监督;管理)←super在上面+vis看+e,参supervision(2002年Text 2)。
gigantic /dVai5^Antik/ (巨大的)即gigant+ic,gigant(=giant)巨人,-ic形容词后缀,"巨人的"→巨大的。He has a gignatic appetite, and eats gigantic meals.他食量很大,能吃很多食物。
infringement /in5frindVmEnt/ (侵害)即in+fringe+ment,in-否定前缀,fringe(边缘;刘海;穗),-ment名词后缀,已经"不"在"边缘"→侵入内部→侵害;infringe(v.侵害)←in+fringe。China's sovereignty and territorial integrity must not be infringed.中国的主权和领土完整决不允许侵犯。
pessimistic /7pesi5mistik/ (悲观的)即pessimist+ic,pessimist悲观主义者,-ic形容词后缀。pessimist - ①a man who thinks that God created the earth in six days and then was laid off ②an optimist with a sense of reality 悲观主义者--①一个认为上帝用六天时间创造了世界,然后就被解雇了的人②具有现实感的乐观主义者。
warn against 告诫防范;take upon oneself 承担。
2001 Passage 5
重点单词:
lateral /5lAtErEl/ (侧面的,旁边的)可看作later+al,later即单词"后来",-al词后缀,"后来者只能靠边站"→旁边的。在文中此词用引申义,各参考书观点不尽相同,请自甄别。
curiously /5kjuEriEsli/ (好奇地;奇怪地)←curious+ly;curious(好奇的;奇怪的)即curi+ous,curi关心=care(因为元音可替换),-ous形容词后缀"有......性质的",故"对某事非常关心的"→好奇的。It is a curious fact that in bad days we can very vividly recall the good time that is now no more; but that in good days we have only a very cold and imperfect memory of the bad.一个奇怪的事实是,在失意的日子里,我们能够生动地想起不复存在的好时光;而在得意的时候,对苦难的日子只留有非常淡漠而残缺的记忆。←这是德国哲学家叔本华说的,其代表作《作为意志与表象的世界》是guangxian最欣赏的哲学作品,商务印书馆出过中译本。
downshifting /5daun7FiftiN/ ←down+shift+ing,原义指汽车调档减速,文中指"放慢生活节奏"。
passionate /5pAFEnit/ (充满热情的)即passion+ate,passion(激情;暴怒),-ate此作形容词后缀。Passion is in all great searches and is necessary to all creative endeavours.激情存在于一切伟大的追求中,对所有创造性的活动都是必不可少的。
preach /pri:tF/ (v.鼓吹;布道)可看作pr(e)+each,pre-前缀"在前",each每个,"牧师走到每个人面前"→布道。Preach not because you have to say something, but because you have something to say.布道不是由于你不得不说些什么,而是由于你有些话要说。
resignation /7rezi^5neiFEn/ (辞职;顺从)←resign+ation名词后缀;resign(v.辞职;顺从)←re+sign,re-前缀=away或=again,sign签署,故"签署后离开"→辞职,"再次签署"→顺从。What is called resignation is confirmed desperation.所谓顺从就是确定了的绝望。no resign oneself to being defeated 不甘心于失败。
editorship /5editEFip/ (编辑职务,编辑工作)←editor+ship,editor(编辑者),-ship抽象名词后缀表"性质、职位、资格等",如:friendship、leadership、membership等。
doctrine /5dCktrin/ (教义;学说)←doctr+ine,doctr=doctor(元音可增减),-ine名词后缀表"物",故"教授拿来讲授的东西"→教义。参vaccine(疫苗),2003年Text 2。The wisest man preaches no doctrines; he has no scheme.最大的智者不鼓吹任何学说,没有任何体系。
juggle /5dVQ^l/ (n.v.杂耍)发音与沪方言对扑克牌中Jack的发音同,"拿扑克牌玩杂耍(juggle),引得大家咯咯(guggle)笑",文中juggle引申为"忙忙碌碌"。
deadline /5dedlain/ (最后期限)←dead+line。
Newsletter /5njU:z7letE/ (时事通讯,简报)←news+letter。
cling-film(食品保鲜膜)←cling粘着+film薄膜。
equivalent /i5kwivElEnt/ (相等的,等价的;相等物,等价物)即equi+val+ent,equi相等(如:equal相等的),val价值(如:value价值),-ent后缀。In truth, politeness is artificial good humor, it covers the natural want of it, and ends by rendering habitual a substitute nearly equivalent to the real virtue.礼貌实际上是人为的好性情,它掩盖了它天生的不足,结果给惯于此道者提供了与真正美德几乎相当的代用品。
drop out 退隐,逃避现实。
redundancy /ri5dQndEnsi/ (冗余)即red+und+ancy,red-(=re-),und词根"多",-ancy名词后缀,"越来越(re)多"→冗余。同根词:abundant(丰富的)←ab加强前缀+und多+ant形容词后缀。redundancy - an air-bag in a politician's car 多余物--政治家汽车里的保险气袋。
thrift /Wrift/ (节俭;繁荣)可记:"节俭"导致"繁荣";thrifty(节俭的;繁荣的)←thrift+y形容词后缀。thrift→thrive(v.繁荣),类似变化的单词有theft(n.偷)→thieve(v.偷)。It is thrifty to prepare today for the wants of tomorrow.节俭就是今天为明天的需要作准备。
mythical /5miWikEl/ (神话的;虚构的)←myth神话+ical后缀。myth - a religion in which no one any longer believes 神话--一种没有人再信仰的宗教。
recognition /7rekE^5niFEn/ (n.认出,承认)是recognise(或recognize)的名词形式。Three fundamental truths without a recognition of which there can be no effective liberty: that what we believe is not necessarily true; that what we like is not necessarily good; and that all questions are open.有三条基本真理,如果不承认就不会有实在的自由:我们相信的未必真实,我们喜爱的未必美好,一切问题都无定论。
adventurous /Ed5ventFErEs/ (喜冒险的;充满危险的)←adventur(e)冒险+ous形容词后缀。A good critic is one who narrates the adventures of his mind among masterpieces.好的批评家是个讲述自己的精神在杰作中历险的人。adventure - the vitaminizing element in histories both in dividual and social 冒险--个人历史和社会历史中的维生素。
2000 Passage 2
重点词汇:
maturity /mE5tjuEriti/ (成熟)←matur(e)+ity,mature(成熟的v.成熟),-ity名词后缀。Love is quiet understanding and the mature acceptance of imperfection.爱情是静静的理解和对不足之处的成熟接受。maturity - ①behaviour determined by the plans other people have in mind ②a high price for growing 成熟--①按照别人脑子里的计划决定自己的行为②成长的高昂代价。
mortality /mC:5tAliti/ (死亡率)←mortal+ity,mortal(致命的;凡人),-ity名词后缀。If I laugh at any mortal thing, it's that I may not weep.如果我笑任何mortal事物,那是为了我可以免于哭泣。←此处mortal的中文意思guangxian不知如何表达。
survive /sE5vaiv/ (v.幸存;比......活的长)即sur+vive,sur-(=super-)前缀"超",vive词根"活的",于是"超过别人活的长度"→比别人活得长→幸存;survival /sE5vaivEl/ (n.幸存;幸存者)←surviv(e)+al名词后缀。同根词:revive(v.恢复;复苏),见2003年Text 1。I have observed that only those plants in nature which are strongest survive and reproduce themselves. It seems to me that hardiness is the chief essential for success.我观察到,自然界中只有最强壮的植物才能存活并繁衍。看来坚韧是成功的基本要素。The survival of the fittest, which I have here sought to express in mechanical terms, is that which Mr. Darwin has called 'natural selection', or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life.我在这里一直想要以机械论术语表达的适者生存,就是达尔文先生说过的"自然选择",或者说是优越种族在生存斗争中的保存。guangxian注:英特尔前任总裁Andrew S. Grove的一本极具影响力的书就叫"Only the Paranoid Survive"。此书名一直被译作《只有偏执狂才能生存》,导致上世纪九十年代后期以来无数强烈渴望成功的创业者(IT界为甚)以将"偏激固执"作为人生信条而自豪。但就像很多人已指出的那样,"paranoid"不是指上述意义的"偏执狂",而是指"迫害妄想狂",其典型症状是--认为周围所有人都想加害自己而终日惶恐不安。Grove在书的前言中说:Business success contains the seeds of its own destruction. The more successful you are, the more people want a chunk of your business and then another chunk and then another until there is nothing left. I believe that the prime responsibility of a manager is to guard constantly against other people's attacks and to inculcate this guardian attitude in the people under his or her management.企业的成功包含着自身毁灭的种子。你越是成功,对你垂涎三尺的人就越多,他们会一块块地夺取你的生意,直到最后一点都不剩。所以管理者的首要职责就是始终保持警惕以防范他人袭击,并把这种防范意识灌输给下属人员。
evolution /7evE5lu:FEn/ (n.进化;发展),动词形式为evolve /i5vClv/;evolutionary /7evE5lU:FEnEri/ (进化的)←evolution+ary形容词后缀;另revolution(见2003年Text 1)可看作r+evolution,r看作镰刀,于是"用镰刀使其发展"→"拿着镰刀闹革命"→革命。Evolution is not the force but a process, not a cause but a law.进化不是动力而是过程,不是原因而是法则。
opportunity /7CpE5tju:niti/ (机会)即op+port+un(e)+ity,op-前缀=to,port港口,-une后缀,-ity后缀,有港口的地方都是很发达的,因此人们都到港口去寻找"机会"。Opportunity makes the thief.大意失荆州。(←妙!)A wise man will make more opportunities than he finds.智者创造的机会要比他发现的多。opportunity - a bird that never perches 机遇--一只不落的鸟。
diminish /di5miniF/ (v.缩小,减少)即di+min+ish,di-前缀"使",min词根"小"=mini,-ish动词后缀。Absence diminishes little passions and increases great ones, just as the wind blows out a candle and fans a fire.离别减弱浅薄的感情而增强深厚的感情,正如风吹灭蜡烛而煽旺火焰。
poverty /5pCvEti/ (贫穷)记其中有over←"人贫穷就完了"(即使物质贫穷,在精神上也不能贫穷)。Poverty is not vice, but an inconvenience.贫穷不是罪恶,而是一种不便。poverty - having enough money to buy all the things you ever wanted to have if only you hadn't got children贫穷--假如没有孩子,你的钱就能买得起你想要的任何东西。
mediocrity /7mi:di5Ckriti/ (平常)可看作medi+ocr+ity,medi-前缀"中间"(如medium→medi+um后缀→中间的;媒介),ocr看作Optical Character Recognition(光学字符识别),-ity名词后缀,用中等(medi)识别率OCR的效果是平常(medicocrity)的。
upper-middle-class 上中阶层。
Utopia /ju:5tEupjE/ (乌托邦)是英国空想社会主义者托马斯·莫尔(Thomas More)所著书名的简称,书中描写了作者所想象的没有阶级的幸福社会--乌托邦,意即"没有的地方"。Utopia - a place where men are severely punished for all odours and noises they expel乌托邦--在那个地方,人类因其散发的气味和制造的噪音而受到惩罚。
involve /in5vClv/ (v.陷入;涉及)←in+volve,in-前缀=into,volve词根"卷","把东西卷到里面"。参revolution词条(含revolve),2003年Text 1。Great discoveries and improvements invariably involve the co-operation of many minds.伟大的发展和改进总是牵涉到许多富于才智的人的协作。The power of choice must invovle the possibility of error - that is the essence of choosing.选择的权力必须包括出错的可能--这是选择的精髓。
transform /trAns5fC:m/ (v.转变;改造)即trans+form,trans-前缀"改变",form词根"形状"。Marriage is the miracle that transform a kiss from a pleasure into a duty, and a life from a luxury into a necessity.婚姻是个奇迹,它把接吻从快乐化为义务,把生活从享乐化为必需。
describe /dis5kraib/ (v.描述,形容)←de向下+scribe写,"写下来",名词为description。A man never discloses his own character so clearly as when he describes another's.在描述另一个人的性格时,人最清楚地显露自己的性格。
descendant /di5send(E)nt/ (后裔)即de+scend+ant,de-向下,scend词根"爬",-ant名词后缀表"人"。同根词:descend→de+scend→"向下爬"→下降;ascend→a+scend→"向上爬"→攀登。One of the best things people could do for their descendants would be to sharply limit the number of them.人们能为后代做的最好的事情之一大概就是严格限制自己的数量。
2000 Passage 3
重点词汇:
farfetched /5fB:5fetFt/ (牵强的)即far+fetch+ed,far远的,fetch拿来,-ed形容词后缀,叫别人到很远(far)的地方去把东西拿回来(fetch),这个要求是很"牵强的"(fartetched)。
futurist /5fju:tFErist/ (未来派的;未来派艺术家)即futur(e)+ist,future(未来;未来的),-ist后缀。If we open a quarrel between the past and the present, we shall find that we have lost the future.我们如果在过去和现在之间展开争吵,就会发现我们丧失了未来。Every hour of lost time is a chance of future misfortune.失去的每一小时都构成未来不幸发生的可能。future - something which everyone reaches at the rate of sixty minutes an hour 未来--每个人都在以每小时60分钟的速度接近的东西。future shock - the shattering stress and disorientation that we induce in individuals by subjecting them to too much change in too short a time 未来的冲击--我们通过让个人在太短的时间内承受太多的变化而施加给他们的破坏性压力和定向障碍。
undergo /7QndE5^Eu/ (v.经历;承受)即under+go,"在下面走"→经历。You cannot create experience, you must undergo it.你不能创造经验,你必须经历它。undergo a long process of tempering 经受长期的磨练。
corresponding /7kCris5pCndiN/ (相应的;符合的)即cor+respond+ing,cor-共同(con-在r前的变形),respond反应(见2003年Text 2),-ing形容词后缀;动词形式为correspond(相应;符合;通信)。Two delusions fostered by higher education are that what is taught corresponds to what is learned, and that it will somehow pay off in money.高等教育造成了两种错觉,一是教的东西就等于学到的东西,二是它总会通过某种方式以金钱回报。
interpret /in5tE:prit/ (v.解释;口译);interpretor(译员)←interpret+or后缀表"人"。The philosophers have only interpreted the world in various ways; the point is to change it.哲学家们只是以不同的方式解释世界,而问题在于改变世界。interpretor - someone who lies in two languages 译员--用两种语言说谎的人。
essential /i5senFEl/ (必不可少的;本质的);名词形式为essence(本质;精华),记谐音"爱深思"→只有爱深思(essence)才可能发现事物的"本质"和"精华"。As a researcher perhaps two characters are most essential, one is love for sciences, the other is curiosity.作为研究人员有两种品质也许是最基本的:一是对科学的热爱,一是对事物的好奇心。
finite /5fainait/ (有限的)即fin+ite,fin词根"完"(如finish→fin+ish后缀→v.n.完成),-ite形容词后缀,"有完的"→有限的。反义词:infinite(无限的;无限的东西)←in否定前缀+finite。参define(下定义;限定),2002年Text 4)。a finite number of possibilities 有限的几种可能性。
explanatory /iks5plAnEtEri/ (说明的,解释的)即ex+plan+atory,ex-前缀=out,plan即plain(元音可增减),-atory形容词后缀,"简单明白地表达出来的"→解释的;动词形式为explain←ex+plain;名词形式为explanation←ex+plan+ation。Mediocrities can explain everything, and are surprised at nothing.庸人能够解释一切,他们对任何事都不感到意外。←mediocrity参2000年Passage 2。A little inaccuracy sometimes saves tons of explanations.少许的含糊有时能省去大量的解释。
fulfill /ful5fil/ (v.完成,履行)即ful+fill,ful即full"完全",fill"填满",故"完全填满"→完成。Only they who fulfill their duty in everyday matters will fulfill them on great occassions.只有在日常工作中尽责的人才会在重大时刻尽责。
determine /di5tE:min/ (v.决心;确定)即de+termine,de-加强前缀,termine词根"结束"(参terminal,2002年Text 2),故"使结束"→决定。The surest way not to fail is to determine to succeed.不致失败的最可靠方法是决心成功。When it is not in our power to detemine what is true, we ought to follow what is most probable.在无法认定何者正确之时,就应采用可能性最大的一个。
all the same 仍然;at will 随意。
2000 Passage 4
重点词汇:
postwar /5pEust5wC:/ (战后)←post前缀"在后"+war;prewar /5pri:5wC:/ (战前)←pre前缀"在前"+war。postwar architecture - the accountants' revenge on the prewar businessmen's dreams 战后的建筑--会计师们对战前商人们的梦想的报复。
harmony /5hB:mEni/ (和谐,融洽)可看作har+mony,har谐音"哈",mony即money,于是"哈!money!"→有钱很多事情都会变得"和谐"与"融洽"。No family harmony, no social stability.没有家庭的和睦,就没有社会的稳定。
sacrifice /5sAkrifais/ (v.n.牺牲;奉献)可看作sa+cri+fice,sa谐音似"杀",cri看作cry(元音替换),fice看作face(元音替换),于是"因马上要被杀(sa)而泪留(cri)满面(fice)的东西"→牺牲。Good manners are made up of petty sacrifices.得体的举止由许多细小的牺牲构成。Whenever you have an aim you must sacrifice something of freedom to attain it.无论何时,只要有目标,你就要牺牲一定的自由以达到它。
counterpart /5kauntEpB:t/ (相似或对应的人或物)即counter+part,counter-前缀"对等",part部分,"对等的部分"。
personality /7pE:sE5nAliti/ (人格;个性)←person+ality名词后缀。Personality is to man what perfume is to a flower.个性之于人一如香气之于花。personality - everything that's false in a human, everything that's been added on to him and contrived 个性--人类身上所有虚假的东西,所有强加在他身上的不自然的东西。
assault /E5sC:lt/ (v.n.攻击)即as+sault,as前缀=to,sault沪方言"烧掉"之谐音,于是"去把敌人的东西烧掉"→"火攻"→攻击。Against the assault of laughter nothing can stand.没有东西能抵挡笑声的进攻。
conservative /kEn5sE:vEtiv/ (保守的;保守主义者)即con+serv(e)+ative,con-前缀"全部",serve词根"保持"(=keep),-ative后缀;参conservation(2002年Text 3)。When a nation's young men are conservative, its funeral bell is already rung.当一个国家的青年因循守旧,这个国家的丧钟即已敲响。conservative - ①someone who wants to keep what he already had lost ②a man who wants the rules changed so that no one can make a pile the way he did ③someone who believes that nothing should be done for the first time 守旧者--①试图保留已经失去的东西的人②希望改变一下规矩,使任何人都不能再像他那样赚钱的人③相信什么事都不应当有第一次的人。
authorities /C:5WCritiz/ (当局,官方);原形为authority(权力;权威;权威者)←author作者+ity名词后缀。All authority belongs to the people.一切权力属于人民。Authority is not truth, but truth possesses the authority.权威不是真理,但真理拥有权威。authority - a high hat under which every donkey can hide his ears 权力--一顶高帽子,驴子戴上它也能遮住耳朵。
endure /in5djuE/ (v.忍受;持续)即en+dure,en-前缀"使",dure词根"持续"(如durable→持久的)。We have all sufficient strength to endure the misfortunes of others.我们具有极其充足的力量来忍受他人的不幸。Colors fade, temples crumble, empires fall, but wise words endure.色彩会消退,庙宇会坍塌,帝国会崩溃,但智慧的话永存。
isolate /5aisEleit/ (v.隔离,孤立)←isol+ate,isol即isle"小岛"(元音可增减替换),-ate动词后缀,使像小岛一样被"孤立"。The word, even the most contradictions word, preserves contact - it is silence which isolates.话语,甚至最矛盾的话语也维持着人们的联系--是沉默使人们隔离。
generation /7dVenE5reiFEn/ (产生;一代人)←generat(e)+ion,generate(v.产生),-ion名词后缀。Each generation imagines itself to be more intelligent than the one that went before it, and wiser than the one that comes after it.每代人都想象自己比前一代聪明,也比后一代明智。
commute /kE5mju:t/ (v.乘公交车上下班,乘车船往返于两地)即com+mute,com-前缀"一起",mute词根"交换",于是"一直在两地间交换位置"→乘车往返上下班。参mutually,2003年Text 1。
divorce /di5vC:s/ (v.n.离婚;分离)与diverse(多种多样的;不同的)一起记,"离婚"后双方就成为"不同的"人。Friendship is the marriage of the soul, and this marriage is liable to divorce.友谊是心灵的结合,这种结合是易于解体的。divorce - ①a tragedy that after a while feels suspiciously like relief ②the best way to replace the first mistake by a second 离婚--①一场悲剧,片刻之后又似乎觉得像是一种解脱②用第二次错误代替第一次错误的最佳方法。
cultivation /7kQlti5veiFEn/ (耕作;培养)←cultivat(e)+tion,cultivate(v.耕作;培养),-tion名词后缀。To cultivate oneself in disposition is not for the others, but for strengthening his own capacity in life.修养性情不是为了他人,而是为了加强自己的生活能力。
tolerant /5tClErEnt/ (宽容的)←toler+ant。The public is wonderfully tolerant - it forgives everything except genius.公众宽容得惊人--他们宽恕一切,除了天才。
2000 Passage 5
重点词汇:
ambition /Am5biFEn/ (雄心,野心)看作am+bit+ion,am是,bit一点,-ion名词后缀,考研的人都是(am)有一点点(bit)野心(ambition),谐音"俺必胜"!形容词形式为ambitious /Am5biFEs/ ←ambit+ious形容词后缀。All ambitions are lawful except those which climb upward on the miseries or credulities of mankind.野心是合法的,不过利用人们的痛苦或轻信者除外。ambition - ①the noble name one gives to his money problems ②the immemorial weakness of the strong 志向--①给经济困难取的高雅名字②坚强者的永久性虚弱。
destiny /5destini/ (命运)看作de+s+tiny,de-否定前缀,s谐音"是",tiny微小的,命运(destiny)不(de)是(s)小事情(tiny)。A tyrant's authority for crime, and a fool's excuse for failure.命运:暴君作恶的理由,傻瓜失败的借口。destiny - statistics by another name 命运--统计学的代名词。
vitality /vai5tAliti/ (生命力)即vit(a)+al+ity,vita词根"生命"(如vitamin←vita+min,原义为"维持生命的胺类物质",即"维生素"),-al形容词后缀,-ity名词后缀。vitality - the pursuit of life 活力--对生命的追求。
hypocritical /7hipE5kritikEl/ (伪善的)看作hypo+critical,hypo-前缀"在......之下、次于"(如hypothesis→hypo+thesis论点→次于论点地位的→n.假设),critical批评的,"在批评之下的"→伪善的;名词形式为hypocrisy /hi5pCkrEsi/ (虚伪,伪善)。hypocrisy - ①the lubricant of society ②the most difficult and nerve-racking vice that any man can pursue; it needs an unceasing vigilance and a rare detachment of spirit 伪善--①社会的润滑剂②人们所能学到的最困难、最刺激的恶习;它需要不懈的警惕性和精神的高度超脱。
escape /is5keip/ (v.n.逃跑;避免)看作es+cap+e,es-(=ex-),cap帽子,"从帽子里出去"→"金蝉脱壳"→逃跑。Investing the future has been man's favourite game of escape.虚构未来一向是人类最喜爱的逃避把戏。Many have been ruined by their fortunes, and many have escaped ruin by the want of fortune.有许多人毁于幸运,还有许多人由于缺乏幸运而免于毁灭。
confess /kEn5fes/ (v.供认;坦白;忏悔)即con+fess,con-一起,fess词根"说","把知道的全都说了"。同根词:profess /prE5fes/ (v.声称;教授)←pro向前+fess说,"走到前面对大家说"。I'm not ashamed to confess that I'm ignorant of what I don't know.我不耻于承认对自己不懂的事情的无知。
pushing /5puFiN/ (有进取心的;急功近利的)←push推+ing形容词后缀。
acquisitive /E5kwizitiv/ (渴望获得的;贪得无厌的)即acquisit+ive,acquisit为acquire(v.获得)之变形,-ive形容词后缀。参acquisition,2001年Passage 4。In an acquisitive society the form that selfishness predominantly takes is monetary greed.在一个贪婪的社会里,贪财是自私自利的突出表现形式。
vulgar /5vQl^E(r)/ (粗俗的)谐音"浮哥","轻浮的哥哥"→粗俗的;名词为vulgarity(粗俗;粗俗的行为)←vulgar+ity名词后缀。Prejudices are what rule the vulgar crowd.支配庸人们的是偏见。vulgarity - the garlic in the salad of taste 粗俗--味觉色拉里的大蒜。
spectacle /5spektEkl/ (场面;奇观)即spect+acle,spect词根"看",-acle表"物"。同根词:spectator(观众,旁观者)←spect+ator后缀表"人"。Life is not a spectacle or a feast; it is a predicament.生活并非奇观,亦非盛宴,它是一种困境。
participatory /pB:5tisipeitEri/ (供分享的)即parti+cip+atory,parti(=part),cip(=cap)抓,-atory形容词后缀,"抓取其中一部分"→供分享的。参participation,2001年Passage 1。
democracy /di5mCkrEsi/ (民主;民主制;民主国家)←demo+cracy,demo-人民,cracy统治,"由人民统治的";也可把demo看作"演示"(如很多演示版软件就叫Demo),尚处于演示(demo)阶段的统治(cracy)手段→民主(democracy)。另可记:autocracy(独裁统治;专制国家)←auto自己+cracy;autonomy(自治)←auto+nom+y。Democracy means simply the bludgeoning of the people by the people for the people.民主不过是意味着为了人民而由人民来强制人民。democracy - ①the worst form of government except all the others that have been tried ②hypocrisy without limitation ③a process by which the people are free to choose the man who will get the blame ④the recurrent suspicion that more than half of the people are right more than half of the time 民主--①除所有尝试过的形式以外最坏的管理形式②无限制的虚伪③人们自由选择该责备谁的过程④一个反复出现的疑问:大多数情况下大多数人都是正确的吗。
enroll /in5rEul/ (v.招收;入学;入伍)即en+roll,en-使,roll名册,"使登记入册"。I like your institute but I do not want to enroll.我喜欢你们学院,但我不想报名去那里。
impulse /5impQls/ (v.n.推动;冲动)看作im+pulse,im-加强前缀,pulse脉搏。There is one thing better than crushing impulse, it is using impulse.有一件事比压制冲动更可取,即利用冲动。
stir /stE:/ (v.搅动;激动;鼓动)与star(明星)只一元音字母之差,联想:star有stir的作用。Make no little plans: they have no magic to stir men's blood.不要作小计划,它们没有激动热血的魔力。
earnest /5E:nist/ (热心的,诚挚的)看作earn+est,earn赚钱,est即最高级,"很多很多人非常非常热衷于赚钱"。An earnest desire to succeed is almost always prognostic of success.对成功的热切愿望几乎总是成功的预兆。
contemptible /kEn5temptEbl/ (卑劣的)即contempt+ible,contempt蔑视,-ible可......的。
at an end 完结;get on in life 出人头地。
1999 Passage 1
It's a rough world out there. Step outside and you could break a leg slipping on your doormat. Light up the stove and you co
重点词汇:
compensate /5kCmpEnseit/ (补偿,赔偿)看作com+pens+ate,com-前缀"一起",pens钢笔,-ate动词后缀,"把钢笔全都给你"→赔偿;名词形式为compensation /kCmpen5seiFEn/ ←com+pens+ation名词后缀。True tragedy may be defined as a dramatic work in which the outward failure of the principal personage is compensated for by the dignity and greatness of his character.真正的悲剧可以这样定义:一部剧作,剧中主人公的表面失败由其人格的高贵伟大予以补偿。
misfortune /mis5fC:tFEn/ (不幸;灾难)←mis+fortune,mis-否定前缀,fortune(运气;财产)见2003年Text 3。No misfortune can be as great as the loss of time.再大的不幸也比不上时间的损失。
anticipate /An5tisipeit/ (预料,期望)即anti+cip+ate,anti-前缀"先前的"(如antique→anti+que后缀→古老的;古玩),cip词根"抓"(参participation,2001年Passage 1),-ate动词后缀,于是"在事情发生之前就在脑子里将其抓住"→预料。What we anticipate seldom occurs; what we lest expected generally happens.我们所预料的事很少发生,最预料不到的事却往往出现。
stepladder /5steplAdE/ (一种通常在顶端有个小平台的活动梯子)←step台阶+ladder梯子。
interaction /7intEr5AkFEn/ (互相作用)←inter互相+act作用+ion名词后缀。It is the interaction of his personality and period that results in the formation of a composer's style.作曲家风格的形成,是其个性与时代相互作用的结果。
regulation /re^ju5leiFEn/ (调整;校准;规章)即regul+ation,regul词根"规则"=rule(如regular→定期的;规则的),-ation名词后缀;动词形式为regulate(调整;校准;管制)←regul+ate。The use of travelling is to regulate imagination by reality, and instead of thinking how things may be, to see them as they are.旅行的价值在于用显示校正想象,目睹事物的本来面目,而非臆想它们可能如何。regulation - the substitution of error for chance 规则--用错误代替变化。
defendant /di5fendEnt/ (辩护的;被告)←defend(防卫;辩护)+ant后缀。I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it.我不同意你说的话,但我愿誓死捍卫你说这话的权力。←这是18世纪法国启蒙运动领袖伏尔泰(Voltaire)的名言。
recommendation /7rekEmen5deiFEn/ (推荐)即re+commend+ation,re-反复,commend称赞,-ation名词后缀,联想记忆:考研辅导班上某名师反复(re)称赞(commend)某本辅导书,这一定是不怀好意的"推荐"(recommendation)。A good presence is letters of recommendation.良好的仪表就是推荐信。
guideline /5^aidlain/ (指导方针)←guide+line。
tort /tC:t/ (民事侵权行为)与torture(v.n.折磨;拷问)一起记,"折磨拷问别人是一种民事侵权行为"。
bombard /5bCmbB:d/ (v.炮轰,攻击)为象声词。
triviality /trivi5Aliti/ (琐事)←trivial琐碎的+ity名词后缀。In important matters, we expose our best sides; in trivial matter, we disclose ourselves as we really are.我们在重要的事件中显示自己最好的方面,在无关紧要的小事中露出自己的本来面目。
mention /5menFEn/ (v.n.提及)看作men+tion,"提起了男人"。One measure of friendship consists not in the number of things friends can discuss, but in the number of things they need no longer mention.友谊的尺度之一不在于朋友们可以讨论的事情的数量,而在于他们无须再提及的事情的数量。
oblige /E5blaidV/ (v.迫使,责成)。My ideal of a picture is that every part of it should oblige the looker-on who has any real sense for a whole to see the rest.我理想中的画是这样的:它的每个部分都会促使具有任何真正整体感的观者去看其余的部分。
indifferent /in5difErEnt/ (冷漠的;不积极的)即in+different,in-否定前缀,different不同,"无论怎样都感觉不到什么不同"→漠不关心的。The worst sin towards our fellow creatures is not to hate them, but to be indifferent to them; that's the essence of inhumanity.我们对作为同类的其他人所犯下的最大罪过不是憎恨,而是漠不关心,那是不近人情的本质。The true secret of giving advice is, after you have honestly given it, to be perfectly indifferent whether it is taken or not, and never persist in trying to set people right.提出忠告的真正秘诀在于:诚心诚意地提出之后,就不再关注它是否被采纳,并且决不固执己见地要求别人按自己的意见行事。
objective /Eb5dVektiv/ (客观的;目标)去e加-ity即为objectivity(客观性)。After many years I have reached the firm conclusion that it is impossible for any objective newspaperman to be a friend of a President.许多年之后,我得出了这个坚定的结论:任何客观的新闻工作者都不可能成为一个总统的朋友。objectivity - subjectivity, expressed statistically 客观性--以统计数字表达出来的主观性。
1999 Passage 2
重点词汇:
pathway /5pB:Wwei/ (小径;通路)←path+way。
establish /is5tAbliF/ (建立;安置)即e+stabl(e)+ish,e-加强前缀,stable稳定,-ish动词后缀。We must establish the respectability of peace and get rid of the false glamour surrounding war.我们必须确立和平的崇高地位,除去萦绕着战争的欺骗性的魔力。
intranet /intrE5net/ (内部互联网)←intra内部的+net。
customize /kQstEmaiz/ (按客户要求定制)←custom+ize动词后缀。There are three means of believing, by inspiration, by reason, and by custom.信仰有三种:神灵感应、理性思维,以及从俗。
contempt /kEn5tempt/ (n.蔑视)可看作con+tempt,con-全部,tempt单词"v.诱惑",对所有人都进行诱惑→这种行为是令人"蔑视"的。Familiarity breeds contempt.熟悉引起轻视。contempt - the weapon of the weak and a defense against one's own despised and unwanted feelings 轻蔑--弱者的武器和抵御自己所蔑视的有害感情的自卫手段。
promotion /prE5mEuFEn/ (促进;提升)即pro+mot(e)+ion,pro-向前,mote词根"运动"=move,-ion名词后缀;动词形式为promote←pro+mote。No true and permanent fame can be founded except in labors which promote the happiness of mankind.真正的、永恒的声望只能在增进人类幸福的劳作中求得。
prospect /5prCspekt/ (展望;前景)←pro向前+spect看;参spectacle(场面;奇观),2000年Passage 5。Prospect is often better than possession.预期往往胜于拥有。
resort /ri5zC:t/ (求助于;胜地;手段)可看作re+sort,re-反复,sort单词"分类",联想:某游客对众多"胜地"无所适从,只能"求助于"导游的反复(re)分类(sort)。I never resort to a prepared script - anyone who does not have it in his head to do 30 minutes extemporaneous talking is not entitled to be heard.我从不求助于事先准备的讲稿,任何想不出30分钟即席讲话内容的人就没有资格让人来听。Home is the resort of love, of joy, of peace, and plenty, where supporting and supported, polished friends and dearest relatives mingle into bliss.家是爱、欢乐、和睦与富足的胜地,养育者与被养育者,优雅的友人与最密切的亲属在这里共享天赐之福。
interactivity /7intErAk5tiviti/ (交互性)←inter互相+act作用+ivity名词后缀表"性质";参interaction,1999年Passage 1。
hospitality /7hCspi5tAliti/ (好客;款待)看作hospital+ity,"医院是好客的"←医院为提高效益而唯恐别人不生病。When hospitality becomes an art it loses its very soul.待客殷勤一旦成为技巧,就失去了真正的精髓。
security /si5kjuEriti/ (安全)←secur(e)安全的+ity。Security is the mother of danger and the grandmother of destruction.安全感是危险的母亲、毁灭的祖母。
enterprise /5entEpraiz/ (企业;进取心)看作enter+prise,enter进入,prise奖赏=prize,"进入奖赏"→以"进取心"办"企业"就会获得奖赏。There is no resting place for an enterprise in a competitive economy.在竞争的经济中没有企业休息的处所。What recommends commerce to me is its enterprise and bravery.在我看来,商业的可取之处在于它的进取与无畏。enterprise - the hope of our future 事业--对未来的希望。
1999 Passage 3
重点词汇:
radical /5rAdikEl/ (根本的;重要的;激进的)即radi+cal,radi词根"根",-cal形容词后缀;副词为radically /5rAdikEli/ ←radi+cal+ly。因为植物的"根"呈放射状排列,故radi作词根时亦表"放射",如:radiate→radi+ate动词后缀→辐射;radium→radi+um后缀表"元素"→有放射性质的元素→镭;radius→radi+us后缀表"物"→从圆心放射出来的东西→半径。I never dared be radical when young for fear it would make me conservative when old.我年轻时从来不敢激进,因为害怕那会使我年老时保守。radical - ①anyone whose opinion differs from yours ②a person whose left hand does not know what his other left hand is doing 激进分子--①任何与你持不同观点的人②一个他的左手不知道他的另一只左手在干什么的人。
conception /kEn5sepFEn/ (概念;构想)是conceive(v.构想)的名词形式,参perceive(察觉;感知),2002年Text 2;concept /5kCnsept/ (概念)。In the last analysis, it is our conception of death which decides our answers to all the questions that life puts to us.归根结底,是对死亡的看法决定了我们对生活所提出的一切问题的回答。No theory is as good as experience. No concept is as good as facts.理论不等于实践。概念不等于事实。
forsake /fE5seik/ (v.抛弃)可看作for+sake,联想:为了(for)什么缘故(sake)而"抛弃"(forsake)我?←因考研而被女友抛弃的周星星说:给个理由先!To abstain from sin when a man cannot sin is to be forsaken by sin, not forsake it.在无法犯罪时放弃犯罪是被罪行抛弃,而非抛弃罪行。
betray /bi5trei/ (v.背叛;泄露)可看作be+tray,be是,tray盘子,"是已经和盘托出了"→泄露(若向敌人"泄露"则为"背叛")。When we fail our pride supports us, when we succeed, it betrays us.失败时自尊支撑着我们,成功时它使我们露出本来面目。
pessimism /5pesimizm/ (悲观;悲观主义)参pessimistic(悲观的),2001年Passage 4。pessimism - ①a luxury a Jew can never allow himself ②the wisdom of the experienced 悲观--①犹太人决不会允许自己享受的一种奢侈品②有经验者的智慧。
presumptuous /pri5zQmptjuEs/ (专横的,自以为是的)看作presumpt(ion)假设+uous形容词后缀,"只凭假设就给人下结论的"→自以为是的。
acquaintance /E5kweintEns/ (认识;熟人)即ac+quaint+ance,ac-否定前缀,quaint离奇的(俞敏洪说:把quai看作guai,音"怪"),-ance名词后缀,"不奇怪"→见怪不怪→已经认识的→熟人。I look upon every day to be lost, in which I do not make a new acquaintance.哪一天不新结识一个人,我就把那一天视为虚度。acquaintance - somebody you nod to if he nods first 熟人--如果他先对你点头,你也会对他点头的人。
complementary /kRmplE5mentEri/ (补充的;互补的)←complement(v.n.补充;补足物)+ary形容词后缀。compliment(v.n.恭维)与complement一字母之差,i像一支燃烧的蜡烛→拿着蜡烛在神灵面前→"恭维",e想成维生素E→"补充"维生素E。Guilt always hurries towards its complement, punishment; only there does its satisfaction lie.罪行总是匆匆赶向它的补充--惩罚,只有在那里它才能得到满足。
dubiously /5dju:bjEsli/ (可疑地;怀疑地)←dub+ious+ly,dub怀疑=doubt,-ious形容词后缀,-ly副词后缀。
reformatory /ri5fC:mEtEri/ (改革的)←reform改革+atory后缀。To reform a man is a tedious and uncertain labour; hanging the sure work of a minute.改造人是冗长而无把握的工作,绞刑则是举手之劳。
disguise /dis5^aiz/ (v.n.假装,伪装)可看作dis+gui+s+e,dis-否定前缀,gui拼音"鬼",s复述词尾,e小词,以蒲松龄《聊斋志异》联想:真正的鬼总是要伪装(disguise)自己,说自己不是(dis)鬼(gui)。Praise undeserved is satire in disguise.溢美之词是披着伪装的讽刺。Opportunities are usually disguised as hard work, so most people don't recognize them.机会通常伪装成艰苦的工作,所以大多数人认不出它们。
auxiliary /C:^5ziljEri/ (辅助的)即aux+iliary,aux词根"增加"(同aug,如augment→aug增加+ment后缀→v.增加),-iliary形容词后缀,"起增加作用的"→辅助的。
highlight /5hailait/ (v.使显著n.最重要的部分)即high+light,用高(high)强度的光(light)照某物体→使显著。
on behalf of 为......的利益;go to the heart of 涉及......的核心问题。
1999 Passage 4
重点词汇:
startle /5stB:tl/ (使吃惊)即start+le,start开始,le拼音"了",监考老师说:考试"开始了",于是同学们"大吃一惊"。Poetry should be great and unobtrusive, a thing which enters into one's soul, and does not startle it or amaze it with itself, but with its subject.诗歌应当既不寻常又不唐突,它深入人心不是以其本身,而是以其主题使心灵震动或惊奇。
husbandry /5hQzbEndri/ (n.耕作;饲养)看作husband+(d)ry,让丈夫(husband)口干舌燥(dry)的事→耕作;饲养。
feverishly /5fi:vEriFli/ (激动地,狂热地)←fever+ish+ly。
indefinitely /in5definitli/ (不确定地)即in+de+fin+ite+ly,in-否定前缀,de-向下,fin词根"界限",-ite形容词后缀,-ly副词后缀,"不能下定界限地"→不确定地。definite(明确的)←de+fin+ite。参define(下定义;限定),2002年Text 4。Liberty does not consist in mere declarations of the rights of man. It consists in the translation of those declarations into definite actions.自由并不仅仅是人权宣言,自由在于使这些宣言化为明确的行动。
restriction /ris5trikFEn/ (限制,约束)即re+strict+ion,re-一再,strict单词"严厉的",-ion名词后缀,"一再严厉的事"→约束;动词形式为:restrict←re+strict。Read your job description but never be restricted by it.读工作任务条例但不可受其限制。
molecular /mEu5lekjulE/ (分子的)即mole+cul(e)+ar,mole单词"痣",-cule后缀表示"小",-ar形容词后缀,于是"像小痣一样的"→分子。分类记忆:molecule分子;atom原子;neutron中子;proton质子;nucleus原子核;ion离子。If the molecules in one drop of water could be converted into grains of sand, there would be enough sand to build a concrete highway, half a mile wide and one foot thick, from New York to San Francisco.假如一滴水里的分子可以变为沙粒,形成的沙子就足以建造一条半英里宽、一英尺厚的混凝土公路,从纽约直到旧金山。
legislation /7ledVis5leiFEn/ (立法;法规)看作leg+is+lat(e)+ion,leg词根"法律"(参allegation宣称,2003年Text 2),is是,late迟的,-ion名词后缀,"法律是迟的"→旧法律难以适应新事物→所以要不断"立法"→"立法"之产物即"法规"。Inflation is the one form of taxation that can be imposed without legislation.通货膨胀就是那种无须立法便可实施的征税方式。
consensus /kEn5sensEs/ (意见一致)即con+sens(e)+us,con-一起,sense感觉,-us名词后缀,"共同的感觉"→意见一致。consensus - ①the security blanket of the insecure ②the negation of leadership 多数人的意见--①不安全的安全覆盖物②领导的对立面。
nuclear /5nju:kliE/ (核的,原子核的)即nuc+le+ar,nuc=nut坚果,-le后缀表示"小",-ar形容词后缀,"像小坚果一样的"→原子核的。nucleus(核心,原子核)←nuc+le+us名词后缀,复述形式为nuclei /5nju:kliai/ 或nucleuses。Pro football is like nuclear warfare. There are no winners, only survivors.职业足球有如核战争,其中没有赢家,只有幸存者。
embryo /5embriEu/ (胚胎;胚胎的)即em+bryo,em-"使",bryo词根"膨胀的"(联想bra),"正蓬勃生长的"→胚胎。
impose /im5pEuz/ (v.强加;征税)即im+pose,im-加强前缀,pose词根"放","强制性地放"→强加→引申为:征税。When one has had to work so hard to get money, why should he impose on himself the further hardship of trying to save it?已经是为了赚钱而不得不如此辛苦地工作,为什么还要把极力省钱这种更苦的事强加给自己呢?
ethical /5eWikEl/ (伦理的,合乎道德的)←eth+ical,eth词根"道德",-ical后缀;ethics(伦理,伦理学)←eth+ics后缀表"学科"←研究道德的学问。ethics - aesthetics from within 伦理学--出自内心的美学。
explicitly /iks5plisitli/ (明晰地;坦率地)即ex+plic+it+ly,ex-(=out of),plic词根"折叠",-it形容词后缀,-ly副词后缀,"没有折叠地"→完全显露地→清楚地。参complicated(复杂的;难解的),2002年Text 2。
panel of experts 专家小组;up in the air 悬而未决。
1999 Passage 5
重点词汇:
supposedly /sE5pEuzidli/ (大概;据推测)即suppose+(e)d+ly,suppose(猜想;假设),-ed形容词后缀,-ly副词后缀。My own suspicion is that the universe is not only queerer than we suppose, but queerer than we can suppose.我个人隐约觉得,宇宙之奇异不仅超过我们所料想的,更超过我们所能够料想的。We can not suppose that some men have a right to be in this world, and others no right.我们无法假定一些人有权力活在世上而另一些人没有。
particularly /pE5tikjulEli/ (特别地;显著地)即particul+ar+ly,particul(=particle)微粒,-ar形容词后缀,-ly副词后缀,"连细微处的性质都具备地"→特别地;形容词形式为particular←particul+ar。Particulars are not to be examined till the whole has been surveyed.在概括地考察整体之前先不要探究细节。In heaven an angel is nobody in particular.在天堂里天使不是什么特别的人物。
substitute /5sQbstitju:t/ (v.替代n.替代物)即sub+stitute,sub-"在下",stitute词根"放置",于是"在下面放置的"→"准备用作替换的"→替代或替代物。参constitutional,2002年Text 4。There is no substitute for hard work.任何东西都代替不了勤奋工作。Democracy substitutes election by the incompetent many for appointment by the corrupt few.民主政治以无能的多数进行的选择代替腐败的少数作出的委任。
imaginative /i5mAdVinEtiv/ (富想象力的)即imagin(e)+ative,imagine(v.想象),-ative"多......的"。Anything one man can imagine, other men can make real.一个人能够想象出的任何东西都会有别人把它变为现实。
conference /5kCnfErEns/ (会议)即con+fer+ence,con-一起,fer词根"拿来"=bring,-ence名词后缀,"把意见拿到一起来讨论"→会议。A conference is a gathering of important people who singly can do nothing, but together can decide that nothing can be done.会议就是重要人物的聚会,他们独自干不了什么事,但是在一起能决议什么事也干不了。conference - just an admission that you want somebody to join you in your troubles 会议--仅仅是一种加入权,即你遇到麻烦时,想要别人加入进来与你分担。
budget /5bQdVit/ (v.n.预算)看作bud+get。The only good budget is a balanced budget.只有平衡的预算才是好的预算。budget - just another name for a family quarrel 预算--家庭纠纷的代名词而已。
worthwhile /5wE:T5(h)wail/ (值得的)←worth+while。Love doesn't make the world go round. Love is what makes the ride worthwhile.爱情并不推动世界,它只是使人生值得。
speculate /5spekju7leit/ (推测;投机)即specul+ate,specul词根"看"=spect,-ate动词后缀,联想:考研阅读题每个都不会做,对四个选项"看"来"看"去,希望看(推测)出答案,未果,最后只能看天由命(投机)了,于是悄悄拿出两枚硬币......There are two times in a man's life when he should not speculate; when he can't afford it and when he can.人的一生中有两个时候不应投机:投机不起的时候和投机得起的时候。
victim /5viktim/ (受害者,牺牲品)。Men who do not make advances to women are apt to become victims to women who make advances to them.不追逐女人的男人容易成为追逐他们的女人的牺牲品。
consistently /kEn5sistEntli/ (始终如一地)即con+sist+ent+ly,con-一直,sist词根"站",-ent形容词后缀,-ly副词后缀,"一直站在那里地"→始终如一地;形容词形式为consistent←con+sist+ent;名词形式为consistency←con+sist+ency名词后缀。Consistency is contrary to nature, contrary to life. The only completely consistent people are the dead.一成不变违反自然、违反生命,能够做到完全始终如一的只有死人。consistency - ①what requires you to be as ignorant today as you were a year ago ②the last refuge of the imaginative 前后一致--①要求你今天像一年前一样无知②富有想象力的人的最后避难所。
convince /kEn5vins/ (使信服)。The best way to convince a fool that he is wrong is to let him have his own way.使愚人认识错误的最好办法,是让他走自己的路。
faithfully /5feiWfuli/ (忠实地;守信地)←faithful+ly。Books are those faithful mirrors that reflect to our minds thoughts of sages and heroes.书籍是忠实的镜子,把圣贤英杰的思想反映到我们的头脑中。faithful woman - a woman who doesn't want two men to suffer as the same time 忠实的女人--不愿让两个男人同时受折磨的女人。
auditor /5C:ditE/ (审计员)用熟词editor(编者)记:auditor与editor的工作都是审查,但auditor审查的是钱,故以au开头←金的化学符号即Au。
distract /dis5trAkt/ (v.分散;扰乱)即dis+tract,dis-(=away),tract词根"拉","把注意力拉出去"→分散注意力。The reason why we are so pleased to find out other people's secrets is that it distracts public attention from our own.我们所以如此乐于发现别人的秘密,是由于它能分散大家对我们自身秘密的注意。
register /5redVistE/ (注册;自动计数器)。History, which is, indeed, little more than the register of the crimes, follies, and misfortunes of mankind.历史实在不过是人类的罪行、蠢事与不幸的记录。
conformity /kEn5fC:miti/ (遵守;顺从)←conform+ity名词后缀。conformity - the jailer of freedom and the enemy of growth 顺从--自由的狱卒,成长的大敌。
inquire /in5kwaiE/ (v.调查;询问)=enquire。Luck stops at the door and inquires whether prudence is within.好运在节俭的门前止步,问讯它是否在家。
neglect /ni5^lekt/ (v.n.忽视;忽略)即neg+lect,neg-否定前缀(如negative→neg+ative形容词后缀→否定的;负的),lect词根"选择"(如elect→e+lect→v.选举,e-前缀=ex-)。Paying attention to simple little things that most men neglect makes a few men rich.注意多数人忽视的简单小事使少数人致富。A little neglect may breed mischief,... for want of a nail the shoe was lost; for want of a shoe the horse was lost; and for want of a horse the rider was lost.微小的疏忽可能酿成祸害,......缺一根钉子就会掉一块蹄铁,掉一块蹄铁就会失去一匹马,失去一匹马就会失去一名骑手。
profitable /5prCfitEbl/ (有益的,有利可图的)即profit+able,profit(v.n.收益;利润),-able可......的。Genuine ignorance is... profitable because it is likely to be accompanied by humility, curiosity, and open-mindedness.真正的无知......不无益处,因为它很可能伴有谦虚、好奇、及思想开放。That is a good book which is opened with expectation and closed with profit.使人怀着期待打开、带着收益合上的书就是好书。Great men are those who profit the most from the fewest mistakes.伟人是由最少的错误获得最多益处的人。
underestimate /5QndEr5estimeit/ (v.n.低估)←under+estimate估计;反义词为overestimate→over+estimate→高估。Never underestimate a man who overestimates himself.切勿低估一个过高估计他自己的人。
cut and dried 千篇一律;odd ball 古怪的人。
1998 Passage 1
重点词汇:
imagination /i7mAdVi5neiFEn/ (想象;想象力)←imagin(e)想象+tion名词后缀。Imagination is more important than knowledge.想象力比知识更重要。imagination - ①the highest kite one can fly ②a poor substitute for experience 想象--①一个人能放得最高的风筝②经验的劣质替代品。
symbol /5simbEl/ (符号;象征)即sym+bol,sym-共同,bol看作ball,"共同喜欢球类运动"→这是现代人的"象征"。Light is the symbol of truth.光是真理的象征。
cement /si5ment/ (v.胶合;巩固n.水泥;胶接剂)。A sweet and innocent compliance is the cement of love.温柔天真的依从是爱情的粘合剂。
deprive /di5praiv/ (v.剥夺)即de+priv+e,de-(=away),priv词根"个人的"(如private→priv+ate→私人的),"使某物离开个人"→剥夺。Poverty often deprives a man of all spirit and virtue; it is hard for an empty bag to stand upright.贫穷常使人丧失全部精神与美德,空袋子是难以直立的。
persist /pE(:)5sist/ (v.坚持,持续)即per+sist,per-"完全",sist词根"站立",于是"自始至终都站着"→坚持。参consistently(始终如一地),1999年Passage 5。To persist in efforts without losing the aim will finally result in success.不失目标地坚持努力终将导致成功。
complex /5kCmpleks/ (复杂的;综合的;联合体)即com+plex,com-"一起",plex词根"重叠","重叠在一起的"→复杂的。参perplex(使困惑,使复杂化)←per完全+plex,2003年Text 2。Everything is simpler than you think and at the same time more complex than you imagine.凡事都比你思考的简单,同时比你想象的复杂。
go-ahead n.批准,允许。
wrong-headed 执迷不悟的。
environmental /in7vaiErEn5mentl/ (周围的,环境的)←environment环境+al形容词后缀。What is the thing called health? Simply a state in which the individual happens transiently to be perfectly adapted to his environment. Obviously, such states cannot be common, for the environment is in constant flux.称为健康的东西是什么?不过是一种状态,处于这种状态的人刚好一时对环境完全适应。这种状态显然不可能常见,因为环境是在不断改变的。environment - everything that isn't me 环境--除我以外的一切。
proper /5prCpE/ (适当的;合乎体统的;固有的)。Proper words in proper places make the true definition of style.风度的准确定义就是在适当的场合说适当的话。A fool, indeed, has great need of a title; it teaches men to call him count or duke, and thus forget his proper name of fool.傻瓜的确非常需要头衔,那使人们称他为伯爵或公爵,从而忘掉他固有的名字--傻瓜。
resolve /ri5zClv/ (v.n.决心;解决;决议)←re+solve解决。同根词:dissolve(v.溶解;解散)←dis+solve。The reason why a great man is great is that he resolves to be a great man.伟人之所以伟大,是因为他立志要成为伟人。
conflict /5kCnflikt/ (v.n.冲突)即con+flict,con-一起,flict词根"打","打在一起"→冲突。A marriage without conflicts is almost as inconceivable as a nation without crisis.没有冲突的婚姻几乎与没有危机的国家一样难以想象。
hydroelectric /5haidrEi5lektrik/ (水电的)即hydro+electric,hydro词根"水的",electric单词"电的"。另记:hydrogen(氢)←hydro+gen,这是化学家创造的英文单词,因为氢气燃烧的唯一产物是水,-gen后缀意为"致......的物质"。
irrigation /7iri5^eiFEn/ (灌溉;水利)与irritation(激怒;刺激物)一字母之差,联想记忆:"溉"的声母为g,故灌溉为irriGation,而irriTAtion为激怒"他"。
at the mercy of 受......支配;stop just short of 几乎要......;far from guaranteed 根本没有保障。
1998 Passage 2
重点词汇:
assume /E5sju:m/ (v.假定;承担;呈现)。Optimism assumes, or attempts to prove, that the universe exists to please us, and pessimism that it exists to displease us.乐观主义假定或企图证明宇宙存在是为了使我们快乐;悲观主义则假定或企图证明那是为了使我们不快乐。When a man assumes a public trust, he should consider himself as public property.当一个人承担了公众的信任,就应该视自己为公众财产。They who assume a character that does not belong to them generally betray themselves by overacting.装模作样的人常常由于表现过火而露出原形。
lump /lQmp/ (团块;使成团块)。An overdose of praise is like ten lumps of sugar in coffee; only a very few people can swallow it.过量的赞扬有如在咖啡里放了十块糖,只有极少数的人能咽得下去。
acceleration /Ak7selE5reiFEn/ (加速;加速度)即ac+celer+ation,ac-加强前缀,celer词根"速度",-ation名词后缀;反义词为deceleration(减速)←de向下+celer+ation。
rebound /ri5baund/ (v.n.反弹)←re反+bound跳。
evidence /5evidEns/ (证据,迹象)即e+vid+ence,e-(=ex-),vid词根"看"=vis(如visible→vis+ible→可见的),-ence名词后缀,"能看出来的东西"→证据。Growth is the only evidence of life.成长是生命的唯一证明。
treasury /5treVEri/ (宝库,国库)即treasur(e)+y,treasure(n.财宝v.珍爱),-y表"地方",于是"放财宝的地方"→宝库。Collection of famous quotes and collection of mottoes are the most important treasure of the society.名言集和格言集是社会最可贵的财富。Let us learn to treasure only good and reject the evil in everything.让我们学会只珍视善,而排斥一切事物中的恶。
disjunction /dis5dVQNkFEn/ (n.分离,分裂)即dis+junction,dis-否定前缀,junction(n.连接,连接处)。
anecdote /5AnikdEut/ (趣闻,轶事)谐音:安妮(Annie)可逗她←用"趣闻"来逗女孩子开心。anecdote - a joke in evening dress 趣闻--穿着晚礼服的笑料。
profitability /7prCfitE5biliti/ (收益率)即profit+ability,profit(v.n.收益),-ability名词后缀;参profitable,1999年Passage 5。profitability - the sovereign criterion of the enterprise 有利可图--企业的至高无上的准则。
ineptly /i5neptli/ (不相宜地;无能地)即in+ept+ly,in-否定前缀,ept(=apt)适宜的,-ly副词后缀。
revenue /5revinju:/ (财政收入;税收)←re+venue,另可记avenue(林荫道;途径)←a+venue。Economy is of itself a great revenue.节约本身就是一大笔收入。
blunt /blQnt/ 率直的;钝的;使钝。
consultant /kEn5sQltEnt/ (顾问)即consult+ant,consult(v.商量;查询),-ant表"人";参consultancy,2002年Text 3。consultant - someone who will take your watch off your wrist and tell you what time it is 顾问--把你的手表从你手腕上摘下来,然后告诉你时间的人。
1998 Passage 3
重点词汇:
relationship /ri5leiFEnFip/ (关系)←relation关系+ship抽象名词后缀(如:friendship友谊)。There is no more lovely, friendly, and charming relationship, communion, or company than a good marriage.世上没有一种关系、交流或陪伴比美满的婚姻更愉快、友好和迷人。The relation of genius to talent is the same as that of instinct to reason.天赋与才能的关系一如本能与理智的关系。
aspect /5Aspekt/ (外表;方面);参spectacle(场面;奇观),2000年Passage 5。A real genius possesses talents in many aspects, but they are brought into play only by chance and in a single field.真正的天才具有多方面的才能,只是处于偶然而仅在单一的领域中得到施展。
rebelling /ri5beliN/ (n.反叛)看作re+bell+ing,re-反复,bell铃,-ing表"现在进行时",联想:监狱里警铃大作→犯人们"造反"了!rebel(v.反叛n.反叛者)。As long as the world shall last there will be wrong, and if no man rebelled, those wrongs would last forever.只要世界继续存在就会有不公正,如果没有人反抗,这些不公正将永远存在下去。No one can go on being a rebel too long without turning into an autocrat.没有人能一直做叛逆者而不变成独裁者。rebel - a man who says no 反叛者--说"不"的人。
Catholic /5kAWElik/ (天主教的;天主教徒)看作Cat+hol(e)+ic后缀,"天主教的""天主教徒"像"猫"一样住在"洞"里刻苦修行。As a Roman Catholic I thank God for the heretics. Heresy is only another word for freedom of thought.身为天主教徒,我为异端者的存在而感谢上帝,异端不过是思想自由的别名。
harsh /hB:F/ (粗糙的;刺耳的;严厉的)意同hard,因发音为"哈嘘",故又表示"刺耳的"。Harsh counsels have no effect: they are like hammers which are always repulsed by the anvil.刺耳的劝告不会收效:它们就像总是被铁砧弹回的锤。
schism /5sizEm/ (组织的分裂;派系)←sch+ism,sch看作scholar(学者),-ism抽象名词后缀,学者之间是分"派系"的。
superstition /7sju:pE5stiFEn/ (迷信)即super+sti+tion,super-前缀=over,sti词根=stand,-tion名词后缀,"超出站的地方"→在理性观念之外→迷信。Superstition comes from fear, while fear in turn comes from ignorance.迷信来自恐惧,恐惧又来自无知。superstition - someone else's religion 迷信--别人的宗教。
creationism /kri:5eiFEnizEm/ (神创论)←creation+ism。
elimination /i7limi5neiFEn/ (消除)即e+limin+ation,e-(=ex-)出,limin词根"门",-ation名词后缀,"拒之门外"→排除;动词形式为eliminate←e+limin+ate。同根词:preliminary(预备的,初步的)←pre在前+limin+ary形容词后缀。Envy is more difficult to eliminate than hate between two people.在两个人之间,忌妒比仇恨更难消除。
smallpox /5smC:lpRks/ (天花)即small+pox,small小,pox看作box(据说古人老外书写字母无方向性,故对称字母常可替换而词义不变),感染天花者所发的皮疹像一个个凸出皮肤表面的"小盒子"。BTW:天花是首个在全球范围内被人类所消灭的传染病,现天花病毒仅存在于少数科学实验室中,对于是否彻底销毁这些病毒植株曾引起极大争论,故真题原文中提到"提倡消灭所有现存的天花病毒的官方人士"。
dispute /dis5pju:t/ (v.争论)即dis+put+e,dis-否定前缀,put看作单词"放",e小词,有人说"放"有人说"不放"→争论。A long dispute means that both parties are wrong.持久的争论意味着双方都是错的。
Unabomber /7ju:nE5bCmE/ (邮寄炸弹的恐怖分子)是FBI(Federal Bureau of Investigation)造的新词,由university and airline bomber缩略而成,原指某位专向高级行政或科研人员邮寄炸弹的遁世大学教授,后泛指类似行为者。关于Unabomber尚需补充两点:一、今年出版的某品牌考研辅导书竟将Unabomber译作"反原子弹组织",想必是把un理解为否定前缀,在对译者丰富想象力表示由衷倾佩的同时,考研资料之良莠不齐亦可见一斑。二、那位被称作Unabomber的早年毕业于哈佛的教授于1995年出版了著名的Unabomber's Manifesto(网上到处有原文下载),书中作者将environmentalists视为同盟,并表达了scorns science and longs for return to a pretechnological utopia的观点,于是可理解真题文章中为何人们将"环境主义者"与"反科学"联系起来。
manifesto /7mAni5festEu/ (n.宣言)←manifest+o,manifest(v.表明,见2000年Passage 1),o看作张大的嘴,"用嘴表明"→宣言。Manifesto of the Communist Party 《共产党宣言》。
scorn /skC:n/ (v.n.轻蔑)可看作s+corn,s象形"蛇",corn谷,蛇因不吃谷物而对之"蔑视"。Silence is the perfect expression of scorn.沉默是轻蔑的充分表达。In the very books in which philosophers bid us scorn fame, they inscribe their names.正是在教导我们蔑视名声的书籍中,哲人们题下了自己的大名。
depletion /di5pli:FEn/ (损耗)即de+plet+ion,de-(=away),plet充满,-ion名词后缀,"离开充满的状态"→损耗。
ozone /5EuzEun/ (臭氧)←o+zone,o看作"洞",zone区域,联想:由于全球变暖,"臭氧"层出现一个大洞。
epithet /5epiWet/ (称号,绰号)看作epi+the+t,epi-前缀=up,the定冠词,t他,"在他名字上面加个东西"→绰号。
exemplify /i^5zemplifai/ (v.举例说明)即exempl(e)+ify,exemple=example(元音替换词义不变),-ify动词后缀。
1998 Passage 4
重点词汇:
standstill /5stAndstil/ (n.停止;停顿的)←stand+still。
enthrone /in5WrEun/ (使登基;给予最高地位)即en+throne,en-前缀"使",throne(宝座;王权)。
numerically /nju(:)5merikEli/ (在数字上)即numer+ical+ly,numer=number(b脱落),-ical形容词后缀,-ly副词后缀。
prevail /pri5veil/ (v.取胜;盛行)←pre+vail。I believe that man will not merely endure. He will prevail.我相信人不会仅仅是忍受,他终将胜利。Culture has one great passion - the passion for sweetness and light. It has one even yet greater, the passion for making them prevail.教养有种强烈地对友善的渴望,还有一种甚至更强烈的渴望,即渴望使友善盛行。
nonstop /5nCn5stCp/ (不断的;不停地)←non+stop。
demographer /di:5mC^rEfE/ (人口统计学家)即demo+graph+er,demo词根"人",graph词根"写",-er表"人";参democracy,2000年Passage 5。
overcrowdedness /7EuvE5kraudidnis/ (过于拥挤)←over+crowd+ed+ness。Ant says, nothing can beat the crowd.蚂蚁说,群体是不可战胜的。
plague /plei^/ (瘟疫;灾害)谐音:怕累咯←怕"瘟疫"累及自身。Bad habits are as infectious by example as the plague itself is by contact.恶习易于由实例传播,就像瘟疫的传播借助于接触。One was never married, and that's his hell; another is, and that's his plague.一个人从未结婚,这是他的痛苦;另一个结了婚,这是他的灾难。1957年获诺贝尔文学奖的法国现代存在主义思想家加缪(Camus)的代表作之一就是长篇小说--The Plague(《鼠疫》)。
urbanization /7E:bEnai5zeiFEn/ (都市化)即urban+iz(e)+ation,urban都市的,-ize"使......",-ation名词后缀。
discern /di5sE:n/ (v.认出;辨别)←dis+cern。The beginning of all war may be discerned not only by the first act of hostility, but by the counsels and preparations foregoing.一切战争的开端不仅可由首次敌对行动区分,也可由事前的策划和准备识别。
distinguish /dis5tiN^wiF/ (v.区别),参extinguish,2003年Text 2。We drink without thirst, and we make love any time, madame. Only this distinguishes us from the other animals.我们不渴而饮,随时示爱,夫人。使我们与其它动物相区别的只有这一点。
unanimously /ju(:)5nAnimEsli/ (无异议地)即un(i)+anim+ous+ly,uni-"一",anim词根"生命;精神"(如animal→anim+al→动物),-ous形容词后缀,-ly副词后缀,"在精神上一致地"→无异议地。
1998 Passage 5
重点词汇:
interior /in5tiEriE/ (内部的;内部)←inter+ior,inter"在里面",-ior后缀。Laughter, n. - An interior convulsion, producing a distortion of the features and accompanied by inarticulate noises.笑,名词--一种体内痉挛,造成面容的变形并伴有说不出话的阵阵难听的声音。
milestone /5mailstEun/ (里程碑)←mile+stone。The invention of the wheel was a milestone in the history of the world.发明轮子是世界历史上的重大事件。
reminder /ri5maindE/ (n.暗示)←remind提醒+er。The music at a marriage procession always reminds me of the music of soldiers marching to battle.结婚行列行进时的音乐总是使我想起士兵们投入战斗的音乐。
construct /kEn5strQkt/ (v.建设,构造)即con+struct,con-"一起",struct词根"建造";同义同根词:structure(v.n.构造)←struct+ure后缀。Taking to pieces is the trade of those who cannot construct.拆卸是那些不会建造的人的行为。
readily /5redili/ (容易地;乐意地)即ready的副词形式,已经准备好的事情做起来当然是"容易地",于是做事的人当然是非常"乐意地"。Nothing is so easy as to deceive one's self; for what we wish, that we readily believe.再没有比欺骗自己更容易的事了,因为对于希望的事,我们总是乐于相信。
opposite /5CpEzit/ (对立的;对立面)即op+pos+ite,op-"反"(ob-在p前变形为op-),pos词根"放",-ite后缀,"反过来放"→对立的。Almost every wise saying has an opposite one, not less wise, to balance it.几乎所有的格言都有意思相反的一句,其智慧并不逊色,以便使之平衡。The opposite of love is indifference.爱的对立物是冷漠。
instrument /5instrumEnt/ (工具,仪器,乐器)即instru(ct)+ment,instruct指导,-ment后缀,"能帮人们做事的东西"→仪器。Circumstances are the rulers of the weak, instruments of the wise.弱者受制于环境,智者利用环境。
significance /si^5nifikEns/ (意义;重要性)即signify(y变形为i)表示+cance名词后缀,"表示出来的东西"→意义。形容词形式为significant,见2002年Text 3。The whole significance of life lies in the unremitting efforts to explore the unknown and increase knowledge.生活的全部意义在于不懈努力探索未知事物与增加知识。It is undesirable to try to damage the significance of all life simply for love.仅仅由于爱情就试图抹杀全部生活的意义是不可取的。
confine /kEn5fain/ (v.限制)即con+fine,con-"一起",fine词根"界限",于是"全部有界限"→限制。参define(2002年Text 4);finite(2000年Passage 3)等。The world owes all its onward impulses to men ill at ease. The happy man inevitably confines himself within ancient limits.世界的全部前进动力都归功于对现状不满的人们,感到愉快的人必然把自己限制在旧框架之内。
reference /5refrEns/ (涉及;参考)←refer参考+ence。We live in reference to past experience and not to future events, however inevitable.我们参照过去的经验而非未来的事件生活,不管那些事件如何必然发生。
propel /prE5pel/ (v.推动,驱使)即pro+pel,pro-向前,pel词根"推"。同根词:compel(v.强迫)←com+pel;repel(v.击退;抵制)←re(=back)+pel。
fissure /5fiFE/ (v.裂开n.裂隙)看作f+is+sure,"裂开"的东西上面有"缝"(f)是(is)肯定(sure)的。
formation /fC:5meiFEn/ (构成)←form构成+ation名词后缀。The self is not something ready-made, but something in continuous formation through choice of action.自我并非现成之物,而是通过行为的选择不断形成的。
mutability /7mju:tE5biliti/ (易变性)即mut+ability,mut词根"交换",-ability名词后缀表性质,"具有交换的性质"→易变性。参commute,2000年Passage 4。mutability of human affairs 人世沧桑。
1997 Passage 1
重点词汇:
parliamentary /7pB:lE5mentEri/ (议会的,国会的)←parliament+ary。A parliament is nothing less than a big meeting of more or less idle people.议会无非是多少有些懒散的人们的一个大聚会。parliament - the longest running farce in the West End 议会--伦敦西区连续演出时间最长的闹剧。
incurably /in5kjuErEbli/ (不可治地)即in+cur+ably,in-否定前缀,cur词根"治疗",-ably可......地;形容词形式为incurable←in+cur+able。a incurably disease 不治之症。
bulletin /5bulitin/ (布告)可看作bullet+in,"留有弹痕的布告",如图(偶用PS做的):
euthanasia /7ju:WE5neiziE/ (安乐死)看作eu+than+asia,eu谐音"已有",than比,asia亚洲,"安乐死在亚洲之外的地方已有了"。euthanasia - ①a way of putting old people out of their family's misery ②never having to tell your parents you're sorry 安乐死--①将老人从家庭的痛苦中解脱出来②绝对不必向父母道歉。
domino /5dCminEu/ (多米诺骨牌)用谐音记。
diagnose /5daiE^nEuz/ (v.诊断)←diag+nose,diag看作dog(元音替换),nose鼻子,"狗鼻子"→闻(联想中医之"望闻问切")→诊断。
certificate /sE5tifikit/ (证书)即certif(y)+ic+ate,certify证明,-ic形容词后缀,-ate作名词后缀表"物",于是"具证明性质的东西"→证书。I must discard riches, the certificate of slavery.我必须抛弃财富这张奴隶证书。
objection /Eb5dVekFEn/ (反对)即ob+ject+ion,ob-前缀"朝向",ject词根"投掷",-ion名词后缀,"向别人扔东西"→反对。同根词:reject→re(=back)+ject→扔回去→拒绝;inject→in+ject→向里扔→注入。All poets pretend to write for immortality, but he whole tribe have no objection to present pay and present praise.所有诗人都自称是为不巧的名声而写作,可这些家伙对眼前的稿酬与眼前的赞扬却全无异议。
sink in 被了解;cool off 使冷静。
1997 Passage 2
重点词汇:
courteous /5kE:tjEs/ (有礼貌的)即court+eous,court看作单词"宫廷",-eous形容词后缀,"宫廷的"→有礼貌的。
observation /7EbzE:5veiFEn/ (观察;pl.观察后的言论)←observe观察+ation。God creates by intuition; man creates by inspiration, strengthened by observation.上帝凭着直觉创造,人类凭着由观察加强的灵感创造。
deserve /di5zE:v/ (v.应受,值得)与desert一起记,"沙漠是应该受到重视的"。It is better to deserve honors and not to have them than to have them and not deserve them.理应拥有荣誉而不拥有它们胜过拥有荣誉而不应拥有它们。
charitable /5tFAritEbl/ (仁慈的)即charit(y)+able,charity仁慈,-able形容词后缀。A bone to the dog is not charity. Charity is the bone shared with the dog, when you are just as hungry as the dog.给狗一根骨头算不上仁慈,仁慈是在你跟狗一样饥饿时与狗分享的骨头。charity - ①giving someone the washing machine it wasn't worth having mended ②the only thing that can persuade us to get rid of old clothes and shoes 慈善--①将已经不值得修理的洗衣机送给别人②唯一能够说服我们清除破旧衣鞋的理由。
assumption /E5sQmpFEn/ (假定;承担;呈现)是assume的名词形式;参consumption,2002年Text 3。assumption - the mother of screw-up 臆断--把事情弄糟的根源。
interrelationship /5intE(:)ri5leiFEnFip/ (相互关系)即inter+relation+ship,inter-相互,relation关系,-ship抽象名词后缀。
encounter /in5kauntE/ (v.n.遭遇)即en+counter,en-使,counter对面,"使面对面"→遭遇。If we encountered a man of rare intellect, we should ask him what books he read.若遇到才智非凡的人,就应该问他读的是哪些书。
individual /7indi5vidjuEl/ (个别的;个体)即in+divid+ual,in-否定前缀,divid词根"分",-ual后缀,"不可再分的"→个别的。同根词:divide(v.分配;除);subdivide→sub在下+divide→"在下面分"→再分。The worth of a state, in the long run, is the worth of the individuals composing it.归根结底,国家的价值就是组成它的个人的价值。In science, the total absorption of the individual event in the generalization is the goal; on the other hand, the humanities are concerned rather with providing for the special meaning of the individual event within an appropriate general system.自然科学以在归纳中全部吸收个别情况为目标,人文科学则更关心在适当的一般性体系之内提供个别情况的特殊意义。individual - a multitude of one million divided by one million 个人--一百万除一百万所得的人数。
exclusively /ik5sklu:sivli/ (专有地;排外地)是exclude(v.除外)的副词形式。Freedom is always and exclusively freedom for the one who thinks differently.对于独立思考的人,自由永远是也只能是自由。
entertain /7entE5tein/ (v.招待;使快乐)即enter+tain,enter-(=inter),tain词根"容纳",于是"使容纳进来"→招待→使快乐。同根词:contain→con+tain→"一起容纳"→容纳。Some women seem to be able to entertain everybody but their husband.有些女人似乎能够使任何人愉快,自己的丈夫除外。
1997 Passage 3
重点词汇:
substance /5sQbstEns/ (物质;实质;财产)←sub在下面+st(=stand)+ance名词后缀;参substantial,2003年Text 3。Man can survive only when he has the substance; man can live only when he has ideal.人有了物质才能生存,有了理想才能生活。
addict /E5dikt/ (使成瘾;成瘾者)即ad+dict,ad-加强前缀,dict词根"说"(参contradictory,2001年Passage 3),"欲罢不能地说某事"→成瘾。名词形式为addiction /E5dikFEn/ (成瘾)←ad+dict+ion。Every form of addiction is bad, no matter whether the narcotic be alcohol or morphine or idealism.任何形式的瘾都是不好的,无论上瘾的是酒精、吗啡还是唯心主义。
psychologist /sai5kClEdVist/ (心理学家)←psycholog(y)+ist,psychology心理学(见2001年Passage 1),-ist后缀表"人"。psychologist - a man who, when a beautiful girl walks into room, watches other men's reactions 心理学家--当一个漂亮女孩走进房间时,那个观察其他人反应的人。
cocaine /kE5kein/ (可卡因)即coca+ine,coca古柯(一种药用植物),-ine医药化学名词后缀"生物碱",故cocaine也译作"古柯碱"。另一种植物cocoa(可可)与coca音形近似,勿混。cocaine - God's way of saying you're making too much money 可卡因--上帝的一种说法,意思是"你赚的钱太多了"。
pervasive /pE:5veisiv/ (普遍的)是pervade(v.遍及)的形容词形式,pervade即per+vade,per-(=through),vade词根"走"(约等于wade,因v与w形近可替换),"到处都走遍的"→遍及的。同根词:invade→in+vade→"未经允许走进来"→入侵;形容词形式为invasive(侵略的)。
sociable /5sEuFEbl/ (社交的)←soci社会+able形容词后缀。
negative /5ne^Etiv/ (否定的,消极的)←neg否定前缀+ative形容词后缀;参neglect(忽略),1999年Passage 5。Eternity is a negative idea clothed with a positive name.永恒是一个冠以肯定名称的否定概念。
poisoning /5pCizniN/ (n.中毒;毒害)←poison+ing,poison(v.n.毒害n.毒药),-ing后缀;poisonous /5pCiznEs/ (有毒的)←poison+ous形容词后缀。Suspicion is the poison of friendship.怀疑是毒害友谊的毒药。When your soul experiences thirst, it needs water to quench it, no matter the water is poisonous or not.心灵感到干渴时需要水来止渴,无论这水是否有毒。What's your poison?想喝点什么酒?←此为固定用法。
distortion /dis5tC:FEn/ (扭曲;曲解)即dis+tort+ion,dis-"分离",tort词根"扭曲",-ion名词后缀,"使扭曲以离开原来状态"→曲解;动词为distort←dis+tort。同根词:torture(v.n.拷问;折磨)←tort+ure后缀,"使身体扭曲的一种行为"。Get your facts first, and then you can distort them as you please.首先要掌握事实,然后你可以随意歪曲它们。
tolerance /5tClErEns/ (宽容)←toler+ance;参tolerant(宽容的),2000年Passage 4。The only tolerance in the world, the only tolerance that earns the name, is that toward intolerance.世间唯一的宽容,唯一名副其实的宽容,是对不宽容的宽容。tolerance - ①the ability to love people when they don't deserve it ②the positive and cordial effort to understand another's beliefs, practices, and habits without sharing or accepting them ③another name of indifference 宽容--①爱那些不值得爱的人的本领②积极、真诚地理解别人的信仰、行为和习惯,虽然并不同意或接受它们③冷漠的另一个名称。
symptom /5simptEm/ (症状)可看作sym+ptom,sym-共同,ptom谐音"怕疼",共同(sym)的症状(symptom)是怕疼(ptom)。The first symptom of true love in a man is timidity, in a girl it is boldness.真正的爱情的首要征候,在男子是胆怯,在女子是大胆。
psychoactive /7saikEu5Aktiv/ (药物等对心理起作用的)即psycho+active,psycho词根"心理"(参psychology,2001年Passage 1),active"起作用的"。
stimulant /5stimjulEnt/ (刺激物;兴奋剂)←stimul刺激+ant物;源自stimulate(刺激;激励)←stimul+ate动词后缀。I lived in solitude in the country and noticed how the monotony of a quiet life stimulates the creative mind.我独居乡间,注意到平静生活的单调是如何地激发着创造力。
depressant /di5presEnt/ (抑制剂;镇静剂)←depress+ant物。参depression,2003年Text 4。Some actors think they are elevating the stage when they're merely depressing the audience.当一些演员不过是在败坏观众情绪的时候,他们还以为自己在提高着戏剧艺术。
hallucinogen /hElu:5sinEdVEn/ (致幻剂)看作hallucin+o+gen,hallucin谐音"喝露性",-o-连接字母,-gen后缀"致......之物"(参hydroelectric,1998年Passage 1),"喝下去会使人露出本性的东西";hallucination /hElu:si5neiFEn/ (幻觉)←hallucin+ation。
psychedelic /7saiki5delik/ (致幻的;致幻剂)看作psyche+del+ic,psyche=psycho精神(e与o都可视为连接字母),del即DOC命令"删除",-ic后缀,"能把精神删除的"→致幻的→致幻剂。
1997 Passage 4
重点词汇:
corrupt /kE5rQpt/ (腐败的v.贿赂)即cor+rupt,cor-一起,rupt词根"打破","全部被糖衣炮弹打破了"。同根词:bankrupt→bank银行+rupt→破产的;interrupt→inter+rupt→打断。Heaven is above all yet: there sits a judge that no king can corrupt.苍天高于所有的人:那里坐着一位法官,任何国王都无法贿赂。
responsibility /ris7pCnsE5biliti/ (责任;职责)是responsible(见2001年Passage 2)的名词形式。A democracy in which everybody had an equal responsibility in everything would be oppressive for the conscientious and licentious for the rest.所有的人对所有的事都负有同等义务的民主,对勤恳负责的人是重负,对其余的人是放纵。responsibility - the price every man must pay for freedom 责任--每个人都必须为自由而付出的代价。
property /5prCpEti/ (财产;性质)←proper固有的+ty名词后缀;参proper,1998年Passage 1。Property has its duties as well as its rights.财产既有权力也有义务。Regrets are the natural property of grey hairs.懊悔是老年人的天性。
impatiently /im5peiFEntli/ (不耐烦地)即im+patient+ly,im-否定前缀,patient耐心的,-ly副词后缀;去ly即为形容词impatient。The ear tends to be lazy, craves the familiar and is shocked by the unexpected; the eye, on the other hand, tends to be impatient, craves the novel and is bored by repetition.耳朵往往偷懒,渴望熟悉的东西,为意料之外的事情而震惊;眼睛则偏于急躁,渴望新奇的东西,由于重复而生厌。
latitude /5lAtitju:d/ (纬度;言行的自由度)即lati+tude,lati-(=lateral),-tude名词后缀。Nothing makes the earth seem so spacious as to have friends at a distance; they make latitudes and longitudes.没有什么比得上有朋在远方更使地球显得如此巨大,他们构成了纬度和经度。
irritate /5lAtitju:d/ (v.激怒),名词形式为irritation,与irrigation(1998年Passage 1)一字母之差。An epigram is a half-truth so stated as to irritate the person who believes the other half.警句是一半的真理,只讲一半以便激怒相信另一半的人。
compromise /5kCmprEmaiz/ (v.n.妥协;折中)即com+promise,com-一起,promise答应,"对别人的要求全部答应"→妥协;"对各方的要求一起答应"→折中。All life is essentially the contributions that come form compromise.整个人生基本上是妥协的结果。compromise - ①the art of dividing a cake so that everybody believes he or she got the biggest piece ②simply changing the question to fit the answer ③the most honest way to dissatisfy both parties 折中--①将一个蛋糕分开,让每个人都相信自己分得的一块最大的艺术②简单地改变一下问题,使之适合于答案③使双方都不满意的最可靠办法。
1997 Passage 5
重点词汇:
monetary /5mQnitEri/ (金融的,货币的)←monet+ary,monet=money,-ary形容词后缀。
precise /pri5sais/ (精确的)即pre+cise,pre-在前,cise(=cide)词根"切",于是"在前面切"→知道切多少的→精确的。参suicide(自杀),2002年Text 4。He knew the precise psychological moment when to say nothing.他知道那个心理上的精确瞬间,那时什么都不该说。
liken /5laikEn/ (把......比作)←like+(e)n动词后缀。
windscreen /5windskri:n/ (挡风玻璃)←wind+screen。windscreen wipers - the eyelashes of rain 汽车风档上的刮水器--雨的睫毛。
poll /pEul/ (v.n.投票;民意测验)原指"人头"(head),"根据人头统计选票"。poll表"人头"可这样记:p=b(因为对称字母可替换),o=a(因为元音字母可替换),故poll=ball,人的头像"球"。Do you ever get the feeling that the only reason we have elections is to find out if the polls were right?你有没有过这种感觉,即我们举行选举的唯一理由就是弄清民意测验是否准确?
slack /slAk/ (v.n.a.松散;萧条)。In marriage, a man becomes slack and selfish, and undergoes a fatty degeneration of his moral being.婚后男人变得懒散自私,经历着道德生命的脂肪变性。
thrilling /5WriliN/ (激动的;颤抖的)←thrill+ing,thrill(使激动;令人激动的事),-ing形容词后缀。Everybody who plays an instrument, even a little, understands music in a difficult way from somebody who has never felt the thrill of making music himself?每个演奏乐器的人,哪怕只会一点点,理解音乐的方式都与从未感受过自己奏出音乐的激动的人不同。
unfortunately /Qn5fC:tjunEtli/ (不幸地)即un+fortun(e)+ate+ly,un-否定前缀,fortune(幸运)见2003年Text 3,-ate后缀,-ly后缀。反义词为fortunately(幸运地)←fortun(e)+ate+ly。去ly即为二者的形容词形式:unfortunate(不幸的)←un+fortun(e)+ate;fortunate(幸运的)←fortun(e)+ate。Time is a great teacher, but unfortunately it kills all its pupils.时间是了不起的教师,但不幸的是,它杀死所有的学生。Fortunately psychoanalysis is not the only way to resolve inner conflict. Life still remains a very effective therapist.幸运的是,心理分析并非消除内心冲突的唯一方法,生活依然是十分有效的治疗专家。Do not speak of your happiness to one less fortunate than yourself.不要向不如你幸运的人讲述你的幸福。If you are too fortunate, you will not know yourself. If you are too unfortunate, nobody will know you.若过于幸运,就不会认识自己;若过于不幸,就没人会认识你。
upend /Qp5end/ (v.颠倒;打倒)←up+end。
1996 Passage 1
重点词汇:
tight-lipped(沉默寡言的)。
blueprint /5blu:7print/ (蓝图)←blue+print。
intelligently /in5telidVEntli/ (聪明地,明智地)即intel+lig+ent+ly,intel-"在......之间"(=inter-,因后接l,故r变形为l),lig词根"选择"=lect,-ent形容词后缀,-ly副词后缀,故"具有从中挑选出所需之物的能力"→聪明地。The computer is not intelligent at all, but very stupid indeed, and that, in fact, is one of its great values - its blind stupidity.计算机一点都不聪明,反而实在非常愚蠢,实际上,这才是它的非凡价值之一--它的盲目的愚蠢。
tangible /5tAndVEbl/ (确实的;有形的)即tang+ible,tang拼音"糖"→方糖→方糖是方的→方糖是"有形的"。tangible assets 有形资产;tangible results 确实的成就。
secure /si5kjuE/ (安全的v.获得;防卫)即se+cure,se-前缀"离"(参separate,2001年Passage 1),cure=care,"不需要照料的"→已经"获得""防卫"的→安全的。Freedom of opinion can only exist when the government thinks itself secure.言论自由只有在政府认为自己安全时才能存在。He that publishes a book runs a very great hazard, since nothing can be more impossible than to compose one that may secure the approbation of every reader.出版一本书的人冒着极大的危险,因为创作一部可能受到所有读者欢迎的作品是最不可能的事。That government is not best which best secures more life and property - there is a more valuable thing - manhood.最完善地保护更多的生命财产的政治不是最好的政治--还有更重要的东西--人的地位。
illustration /7ilEs5treiFEn/ (例证;图解)看作ill+ust+rat+ion,ill生病的,ust=est形容词最高级,rat老鼠,-ion名词后缀,用病入膏肓的老鼠作"图解"。如图:
What is character but the determination of incident? What is incident but the illustration of character?除了事件的规定,人物还是什么?除了人物的说明,事件还是什么?
imaginary /i5mAdVinEri/ (想象的;虚构的)←imagin(e)想象+ary形容词后缀。We do not content ourselves with the life we have in ourselves and in our own being; we desire to live an imaginary life in the mind of others, and for this purpose we endeavour to shine.我们不满足于为我们自身、为自己的存在而拥有的人生,我们想过一种存在于别人心目中的虚构的生活,为了这个目的而极力出人头地。
1996 Passage 2
重点词汇:
coverage /5kQvEridV/ (覆盖范围;新闻报导)←cover+age名词后缀。
stretch /stretF/ (一段时间或路程v.n.伸展)与sketch(v.速写;略图;梗概)一起记。Babies do not want to hear about babies, they like to be told of giants and castles, and that which can stretch and stimulate their little minds.幼童不愿听关于幼童的故事,他们喜欢给他们讲巨人和城堡,那可以扩张和刺激他们小小的心灵。
slogan /5slEu^En/ (标语,口号)看作s+log+an,s形的圆木(log)上刻着一条(an)标语(slogan)。My slogan is "Four hours for work, four hours for study, eight hours for sleep, and eight hours for play."我的口号是"四小时工作,四小时学习,八小时睡眠,八小时游戏"。
1996 Passage 3
重点词汇:
bureaucracy /bjuE5rCkrEsi/ (官僚主义;官僚机构;官僚)即bureau+cracy,bureau(署,局,司,处),cracy词根"统治";参democracy,2000年Passage 5。Bureaucracy is a giant mechanism operated by pygmies.官僚政治是一种由侏儒操纵的庞大机构。bureaucracy - ①a continuing congregation of people who must act more or less as one ②the only form of human organization that can manage to pass a hot potato through a small crack ③the art of making the possible impossible 官僚主义--①一群人不断聚集在一起,因为他们多少必须像一个人那样行事②唯一一种能够通过小裂缝传递土豆的人类组织形式③变可能为不可能的艺术。
spoil /spCil/ (v.损害;溺爱)看作sp+oil,sp即缩写"专家",oil石油,"专家溺爱石油"。We drink one another's healthes and spoil our own.我们为彼此的健康干杯而损害自身的健康。When you "spoil" a child you are practically saying, "I know you aren't capable of being civilized and considerate and contributing and I won't expect it of you.""宠"孩子的时候,你实际上是在说:"我知道要你有教养、为人着想和奉献都是做不到的,我也不指望你做到。"
collectivism /kE5lektivizEm/ (集体主义)←collect+iv(e)后缀+ism后缀表"主义"。
municipal /mju(:)5nisipEl/ (市的;市立的)与principal(首要的;负责人;本金)一起记;municipality /mju:7nisi5pAliti/ (自治市;市政当局)←municipal+ity名词后缀。
taxpayer /5tAks7peiE/ (纳税人)←tax+payer。taxpayer - someone who works for the federal government but doesn't have to take a civil service examination 纳税人--为联邦政府工作,却不必参加文职雇员考试的人。
detach /di5tAtF/ (v.分开)即de+tach,de-前缀"离开",tach词根"连接"。同根词为attach(v.缚上;使依附)←at(=to)+tach。Every scene, even the commonest, is wonderful, if only one can detach oneself, casting off all memory of use and custom and beholding it as if for the first times.生活中的每个情景,甚至最普通的一幕,都是奇妙的--只要一个人能够离开自我,抛弃对习惯的全部记忆,就像第一次一样观察。
dividend /5dividend/ (股息;红利;被除数)即divid(e)+end,divide分开,-end后缀表物,"从整体中分出的一部分"→红利。dividends - hush money to shareholders 股息--给股东的封口钱。
patriarchal /7peitri5B:kEl/ (家长的)即patri+arch+al,patri词根"父",arch词根"统治",-al形容词后缀。另可记patriot(爱国者)←patri+ot后缀表人。
render /5rendE/ (v.使得;提供)。Nothing in the world renders a man indispensable save love.世上唯有爱能够使一个人变得不可缺少。The service we render to others is really the rent we pay for our room on this earth.我们向别人提供的服务实在是为自己在这个世界上的住所付出的租金。
discipline /5disiplin/ (纪律;学科v.训练)即dis+cipl+ine,dis-(=apart),cipl(=cip)词根"抓"(前文已多次述及),-ine后缀,"培养抓出东西的能力"→纪律或训练。Freedom is a way of life which requires authority, discipline, and government of its own kind.自由是一种生活方式,它需要权威、纪律,以及具有自由本身性质的统治。discipline - ①remembering what you want ②the bridge between goals and accomplishment ③the refining fire by which talent becomes ability 磨练--①记住你需要什么②目标与成就之间的桥梁③使天赋变成能力的冶炼炉火。
lockout /5lCkaut/ 指雇主为促使与工人达成协议而强制性关闭工厂。
negotiation /ni7^EuFi5eiFEn/ (谈判)谐音"你狗献爱心"←"谈判"的目的是让你的狗献爱心;动词形式为negotiate。Let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate.永远不要在谈判时忘记惧怕,而要永远不惧怕谈判。
1996 Passage 4
重点词汇:
breakthrough /5breik5Wru:/ (n.突破)←break+through。
premium /5primjEm/ (奖金)看作pre+mi+um,pre-在前,mi拼音"米"即money,-um后缀表物,"在前面放着的钱"→奖金。
nonverbal /5nCn5vE:bEl/ (不用语言的)即non+verb+al,non-否定前缀,verb词根"言语",-al形容词后缀。Gestures are a nonverbal means of expression.打手势是一种非言语的表达方式。
spatial /5speiFEl/ (空间的)即spacial←spac(e)+ial。
trigonometry /tri^E5nCmitri/ (三角学)即tri+gon+o+metry,tri-前缀"三",-gon后缀"...角形",-o-连接字母,-metry后缀表"测量学"。
stimulus /5stimjulEs/ (n.刺激;刺激物)←stimul刺激+us名词后缀。参stimulant(刺激物;兴奋剂),1997年Passage 3。
incentive /in5sentiv/ (动机;鼓励a.激励的)←in+cent+ive,in-前缀,cent单词"分币"引申为"钱",-tive后缀,"用钱去激励"。incentive - the possibility of getting more money than you can earn 奖励--得到比你挣的钱更多的可能性。
beneficence /bi5nefisEns/ (恩惠)←benefic+ence,benefic看作benefit,-ence名词后缀。
emulation /7emju5leiFEn/ (竞争;仿效)看作emul(e)+ation,emule即BT出现前极受欢迎的一种P2P下载软件,-ation名词后缀,各种P2P软件为"竞争"而相互"效仿"。
1996 Passage 5
重点词汇:
pipeline /5paip7lain/ (管道;流水线)←pipe+line。
cosmology /kCz5mClEdVi/ (宇宙学)即cosmo+logy,cosmo即cosmos"宇宙",-logy后缀表学科。
non-fundamentalist(非原教旨主义者)←non-否定前缀+fundamentalist(原教旨主义者)。fundamentalist - anyone who takes the Word of God too seriously 原教旨主义者--任何对上帝的话太认真的人。
motivation /7mEuti5veiFEn/ (动机)←motiv(e)+ation。motivation - the art of getting people to do what you want them to do because they want to do it 动机--使人们因为自己想做而做你想让他们做的事情的能力。
dust jacket 精装书的护封。
digest v./dai5dVest/ n./ 5daidVest/ (v.消化n.摘要)。当初指责中国《读者文摘》(即现在的《读者》)刊名侵权的美国著名杂志叫Read's Digest。To eat is human, to digest, divine.能吃的是人,能消化的是神。
1995 Passage 1
重点词汇:
know of 知道。I don't know him, but I know of him.我不认识他,但听说过他。
live up to 做到;不辜负。
subtly /5sQtli/ (精细地;微妙地),形容词形式为subtle。Men always want to be a women's first love; women have a more subtle instinct; what they like is to be a man's last romance.男人总想成为女人的第一个恋人,女人则具有更微妙的本能,她希望成为男人追求的最后一个对象。
1995 Passage 2
重点词汇:
external /eks5tE:nl/ (外部的),反义词为internal(内部的)。Everybody acts not only under external compulsion but also in accordance with inner necessity.每个人的行动都不仅处于外部的推动,也同样依据内在的需要。
signpost /5sainpEust/ (路标)←sign+post。
landmark /5lAndmB:k/ (界标)←land+mark。
obstacle /5CbstEkl/ (障碍)即ob+st+acle,ob-前缀"阻碍",st词根=stand,-acle后缀表物,"站在那里阻碍的东西"→障碍。Victory is not the end but a phase to the end. It is no more than the removal of obstacles.胜利不是目的而是达到目的的一个阶段。它不过是对障碍的消除。obstacles - things a person sees when they take their mind off their goal 障碍--当一个人的大脑脱离自己的目标时所看到的东西。
curiosity /7kjuEri5Csiti/ (好奇心;古玩)即curios+ity,curios(=curious)好奇的,-ity名词后缀,"引起好奇的东西"→古玩。参curiously,2001年Passage 5。Curiosity is a scholar's virtue.好奇心是学者的美德。curiosity - ①the key to creativity ②a willing, a proud, an eager confession of ignorance ③the first step to betrayal 好奇心--①打开创造力的钥匙②心甘情愿地、自豪地、急切地承认自己的无知③背叛的第一步。
1995 Passage 3
重点词汇:
subconsciously /sQb5kCnFEsli/ (下意识地)←sub下+conscious有意识的+ly。
stockpile /5stCkpail/ (v.n.积蓄,贮存)←stock存储+pile堆积。
expertise /7ekspE5ti:z/ (专门知识)←expert专家+ise后缀,"专家所掌握的东西"。
participant /pB:5tisipEnt/ (参与者)即parti+cip+ant,parti(=part),cip(=cap)抓,-ant后缀表人,"抓取部分东西的人"→参与分享的人→参与者。参participation(参加;分享),2001年Passage 1。
facilitate /fE5siliteit/ (使便利)即fac+il(e)+itate,fac=fic词根"做"(参artificial←art+i+fic+ial,2002年Text 2),-ile后缀"易于......的",-itate动词后缀,"使易于做的"→使便利。名词形式为facility(熟练);facilities(设施;便利条件)。It would facilitate matters if you were more co-operative.如果你再合作一点的话,事情就变得更容易了。It is not helps, but obstacles, not facilities, but difficulties, that make men.成就人的不是帮助而是障碍,不是便利而是困难。
breakdown /5breikdaun/ (n.崩溃;故障)←break+down。a nervous breakdown 神经衰弱。
dominant /5dCminEnt/ (支配的,占优势的)←domin+ant,domin词根"支配",-ant后缀。参predominance(优势),2000年Passage 1。
1995 Passage 4
重点词汇:
inherent /in5hiErEnt/ (固有的;天生的)即in+her(e)+ent,in-在里面,here词根"黏着"=stick,-ent形容词后缀,"黏着在里面的"→固有的。同根词:adhere(v.黏附;坚持)←ad(=to)+here;coherent(黏着的)←co(=together)+her(e)+ent。I am not in the least disturbed when people regard my legs intently. I know they are doing so in pursuance of their inherent artistic instinct.当人们目不转睛地盯着我的双腿时,我丝毫不觉得不安。我明白他们这样做是出于天生的艺术直觉。←这是一位舞蹈家MM说的。
profound /prE5faund/ (深刻的;渊博的)即pro+found,pro-向前,found词根"基底"(如foundation→found+ation→基础),"向前直探到底的"→渊博的。The opposite of a correct statement is a false statement. But the opposite of a profound truth may well be another profound truth.一种正确说法的对立物是一种错误的说法。一种深刻的真理的对立物则很可能是另一种深刻的真理。
soak up 吸收。
marathon /5mArEWEn/ (马拉松)用谐音记。这种全长421954米的长跑比赛,是对运动员体力与意志力的考验。
rejoice /ri5dVCis/ (使欣喜)即re+joice,re-反复,joice=joy,"使反复高兴"→使欣喜。Why is it that we rejoice at a birth and grieve at a funeral? Is it because we are not the person concerned?为什么我们在有人出生时高兴,在有人入葬时悲伤?是否由于自己不是当事者?
disproportionate /7disprE5pC:FEnit/ (不成比例的)即dis+proportion+ate,dis-否定前缀,proportion比例,-ate此处为形容词后缀。Literature happens to be the only occupation in which wages are not given in proportion to the goodness of the work done.文学碰巧是唯一的这么一种职业,其报酬与所做工作的优异不成比例。
preoccupation /pri(:)7Ckju5peiFEn/ (全神贯注)即pre+occup(y)+ation,pre-在前,occupy占据,-ation名词后缀,"在别的事物前占据注意力"→全神贯注。
consideration /kEnsidE5reiFEn/ (考虑;体谅;需考虑的事)←consider考虑+ation;considerate /kEn5sidErit/ (考虑周到的;体谅的)←consider+ate。Labor is the superior of capital, and deserves much the higher consideration.劳动高于资本,理应得到多得多的报酬。A child that lives with sharing learns to be considerate.同意分享的孩子知道为人着想。
1995 Passage 5
重点词汇:
subsequent /5sQbsikwEnt/ (随后的)←sub+sequ+ent,sub-在下,sequ(=follow)词根"跟随",-ent形容词后缀。Be sure not to tell a first falsehood, and you needn't fear being detected in any subsequent ones.千万别说第一个谎话,这样就不用害怕在随后的谎话中被人发现。
duration /djuE5reiFEn/ (持久;持续时间)即dur+ation,dur词根"持续",-ation名词后缀。同根词:durable(持久的)←dur+able可......的;endurance(持久力;忍耐力)←en使......+dur+ance。It is not the strength but the duration of great sentiment that makes great men.造就伟人的不是力量,而是伟大情操的持久。
contemporary /kEn5tempErEri/ (当代的;同时代的;同时代的人)←con+tempor+ary,con-一起,tempor看作temper(性情),-ary后缀,"性情相同的(人)就是同时代的(人)"。Most contemporary books give the impression of having been manufactured in a day, out of books read the day before.大部分当代书籍给人的印象,是花一天工夫用前一天读过的书加工而成的。I don't go along with all this talk of a generation gap. We're all contemporaries. There's only a difference in memories, that's all.我对代沟这种说法完全不能苟同。我们都是同时代的人,只是记忆有所不同,仅此而已。
1994 Passage 1
重点词汇:
market-oriented(以市场为导向的)←market市场+orient定位+ed形容词后缀。
permit /pE(:)5mit/ (v.许可;许可证)即per+mit,per-(=through),mit词根"传送",故"允许传送过去"→许可。同根词:admit(v.让......进入;承认)←ad(=to)+mit;emit(v.散发,发射)←e(=ex)+mit;transmit(v.传播;传导)←trans(=through)+mit。Liberty is the right to do whatever the laws permit.自由就是做法律允许的任何事的权利。
embrace /im5breis/ (v.拥抱;包含)即em+brace,em-(=in),brace词根"手臂",故"使在手臂里"→拥抱→引申为"包含"。brace作单词意为"v.支撑n.支柱"←谐音"不累死",因为累死就支撑不住了。Created by life, in definite circumstances, to act on definite things, how can it embrace life, of which it is merely an emanation or aspect?由生命创造,处于一定情况下,作用于一定事物,它(←指科学)只是生命的一种释放或一个方面,怎么能包括生命?
coupled with 与......相结合;bid up 哄抬物价;gain control over 获得对......的控制。
1994 Passage 2
重点词汇:
deposit /di5pCzit/ (v.n.存放;储蓄;沉淀)即de+pos+it,de-向下,pos词根"放",it后缀,"放下它"。The mark of the historic is the nonchalance with which it picks up an individual and deposits him in a trend, like a house playfully moved in a tornado.历史性事件的标志是冷漠,它拈起一个人置于某种趋势中,使之像龙卷风里的房子那样儿戏般地翻滚。
horizon /hE5raizn/ (地平线;眼界)。The horizon of life is broadened chiefly by the enlargement of the heart.生活的地平线主要由心胸的扩大而拓展。
convenience /kEn5vi:njEns/ (便利)即con+veni+ence,con-一起,veni词根"来",-ence名词后缀,"需要的东西都一起提供"→便利;convenient /kEn5vi:njEnt/ (便利的)←con+veni+ent形容词后缀。What a convenient and delightful world is this world of books.书籍的世界是多么便利而令人愉快啊!
processor /5prEusesE/ (制造者;处理器)←process处理+or;microprocessor(微处理器)←micro+processor。
1994 Passage 3
重点词汇:
denote /di5nEut/ (v.表示)即de+note,de-向下,note记录,"记录下来"→表示。Wisdom denotes the pursuing of the best and by the best means.明智指的是以最好的方法追求最好的结果。
1994 Passage 4
重点词汇:
infection /in5fekFEn/ (传染;感染)即in+fect+ion,in-在内,fect词根"做",-ion名词后缀,"在里面起作用"→感染;动词形式为infect←in+fect。参effective(有效的),2002年Text 1。Grief, like pleasure, infects the atmosphere. A first glance into any home is enough to tell you whether love or despair reigns there.忧伤与快乐一样,感染着气氛。无论哪一家,只要看上一眼,就足以得知主宰那里的是爱还是绝望。
pancreas /5pAnkriEs/ (胰腺)看作pan+cr+eas,pan盘,cr看作crack,eas看作复数形式(es),"许多盘破裂的胰腺"。
oncogene /5CnkE7dVi:n/ (致癌基因)←onco+gene,onco词根"肿瘤",gene基因。
dormant /5dC:mEnt/ (静止的;休眠的)即dorm+ant,dorm词根"睡觉",-ant形容词后缀,"像睡觉那样的"→休眠的。同根词:dormitory→dorm+itory后缀表"地方"→睡觉的地方→(集体)宿舍。
oncologist /CN5kClEdVist/ (肿瘤学家)←onco+logist,onco词根"肿瘤",-logist后缀"......学家"。
counteract /7kauntE5rAkt/ (v.抵抗;消除)即counter+act,counter-前缀"反"(如counter-clockwise逆时针方向),act行动,故"反着行动"→抵抗。The doctor gave him some medicine to counteract the effect of the poison.医生给他一些药解毒。
ever-present 经常存在的。
1994 Passage 5
重点词汇:
mold /mEuld/ 霉菌。
penicillin /7peni5silin/ (青霉素)音译:盘尼西林。
antibacterial /5AntibAk5tiEriEl/ (抗菌的;抗菌药)即anti+bacteria+(a)l,anti-前缀"抗",bacteria细菌,-al后缀。
innovator /5inEuveitE/ (创新者)即in+nov+at(e)+or,in-加强前缀,nov词根=new(元音字母替换,形近字母替换),-ate动词后缀,-or后缀表"人",故"使事物更新的人"→创新者。同根词:novel(小说;新奇的)←nov+el后缀。
diligent /5dilidVEnt/ (勤奋的)即di+lig+ent,di-前缀"分离",lig词根"选择",-ent形容词后缀,联想:许多黑白两色的芝麻混杂在一起,能把它们"选择""分离"出来的人,是非常"勤奋的"。同根词:intelligently(聪明地,明智地),见1996年Passage 1。
reluctant /ri5lQktEnt/ (不愿的,勉强的)即re+luct+ant,re-看作"反复",luct可看作词根lect"选择",-ant形容词后缀,人们都不愿反反复复地作选择,所以"反复选择"→不愿的。Suggestion systems can work - don't be reluctant to use them.建议制度是有效的--不要不愿使用它们。
devote /di5vEut/ (v.奉献,致力于)即de+vote,de拼音"得",vote单词"选票",那些希望"得选票"的人都声称自己将"献身于"某项事业。Only to devote oneself to the society can find the significance of the actually short and risky life.人生实际上是短暂而有风险的,只有献身于社会,才能找到其意义。
十年考研重要单词(资料收积--------大学生资源网,全心全意为人民服务