B站狂神Docker学习笔记

news/2024/11/23 0:32:00/

文章目录

  • 0. 介绍
  • 1. 基础
    • DevOps 开发运维
    • 基础名词
  • 2 Docker配置与使用
    • 2.1 查看服务器linux系统版本
    • 2.2 查看系统配置
    • 2.3 安装Docker
    • 2.4 卸载Docker
    • 2.5 阿里云镜像加速
    • 2.6 回顾Hello-world流程
    • 2.7 底层原理
    • 2.8 为什么Docker比Vm快
  • 3 Docker 常用命令
    • 3.1 帮助命令
    • 3.2 镜像命令
      • docker images 查看所有本地主机上的镜像
      • docker search #搜索镜像
      • docker pull 下载镜像
      • docker rmi 删除镜像
    • 3.3 容器命令
      • 3.3.1 下载CentOs镜像
      • 3.3.2 docker run 新建容器并启动
      • 3.3.3 docker ps 列出所有运行的容器
      • 3.3.4 exit 退出容器
      • 3.3.5 docker rm 删除容器
      • 3.3.6 docker start restart stop kill 启动和停止容器的操作
    • 3.4. 常用其他命令
      • 3.4.1 后台启动容器 docker run -d
      • 3.4.2 查看日志 docker logs
      • 3.4.3 查看容器中进程信息 docker top
      • 3.4.4 查看镜像的元数据 docker inspect
      • 3.4.5 进入当前正在运行的容器 docker exec -it 容器id bashshell
      • 3.4.6 docker cp 从容器中拷贝文件到主机
      • 3.4.7 小结
  • 4 Docker部署软件实战
    • 4.1 Docker安装Nginx
      • 端口暴露概念
    • 4.2 Docker安装Tomcat
    • 4.3 Docker部署es + kibana
      • 4.3.1 可视化
  • 5 Docker镜像xz
    • 5.1 镜像是什么
    • 5.2 Docker镜像加载原理
      • 5.2.1 UnionFS(联合文件系统)
      • 5.2.2 镜像加载原理
    • 5.3分层理解
      • 特点
    • 5.4 提交镜像 commit
  • 6 容器数据卷
    • 6.1 什么是容器数据卷
    • 6.2 使用数据卷
      • 6.2.1 直接使用命令挂载 -v
    • 6.3 安装MySql
    • 6.4 具名挂载 & 匿名挂载
      • 6.4.1 匿名挂载
      • 6.4.2 具名挂载
      • 6.4.3 判断具名与匿名挂载
      • 6.4.4 拓展
    • 6.5 数据卷容器;DockerFile
      • 6.6.1 多个MySql数据共享
  • 7 DockerFile
    • 7.1 构建步骤:
    • 7.2 基础知识:
      • 举例:ker File指令
    • 7.3 实战训练
      • 7.3.1 查看images历史 docker images images的ID
      • 7.3.2 拓展:Vim文本编辑器
      • Vim
    • vi/vim 的使用
      • 命令模式:
      • 输入模式
      • 底线命令模式
    • 7.4 CMD 与 ENTRYPOINT 区别
    • 7.5 实战 TomCat镜像
      • 7.5.1 准备 tomcat 与 jdk 安装包
      • 7.5.2 编写Dockerfile文件,这个名字官方默认名字,build时候会自动寻找这个文件
      • 7.5.3 构建镜像
      • 7.5.4 启动镜像
      • 7.5.5 发布项目
    • 7.6 发布镜像到DockerHub
    • 7.7 发布镜像到阿里云镜像上
    • 7.8 小节
  • 8 Docker网络
    • 8.1 查看本机ip地址 IP addr
      • 8.1.1 原理
      • 8.1.2 总结
    • 8.2 --link
      • 8.2.1 查看docker所有网络 docker network ls
      • 8.2.2 查看docker网络详细信息 docker network inspect docker网络ID
    • 8.3 自定义网络
      • 8.3.1 查看所有docker网络
    • 8.4 网络联通
    • 8.5 部署Redis集群
    • 8.6 SpringBoot微服务打包Docker镜像


0. 介绍

内容主要基于B站狂神老师的Docker基础视频与部分网络docker博客总结,按照个人理解所整理总结。

  • 视频链接:狂神说教程:https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1og4y1q7M4
  • CSDN相关笔记1:https://blog.csdn.net/THB66666/article/details/120856359(只有基础,不全)
  • CSDN相关笔记2:https://blog.csdn.net/qq_21197507/article/details/115071715(基础与进阶都有)

尴尬了,图床用的是github,由于网络原因图片加载不出来,嗯,我直接发个PDF吧,需要的自取
https://yxmiaoyu.lanzouu.com/b01dm3ehg
密码:1234



1. 基础

  • 相对于虚拟机来说,Docker非常的轻,几百k~几十Mb

  • 基于Go开发,开源项目

  • 文档地址:https://docs.docker.com/

  • 仓库地址:https://hub.docker.com/

  • 容器化技术不是模拟一个完整的操作系统。img

  • 左面是Docker。容器内的应用直接运行在 宿主机的内核上,容器是没有自己的内核的,也没有虚拟我们的硬件,轻便了,每个容器都是互相隔离的,每个容器内都有一个属于自己的文件系统,互不影响。

  • 右面是虚拟机,虚拟出一条硬件,运行一个完整的操作系统,然后在这个系统上安装运行软件。

image-20220606142414881

DevOps 开发运维

四个特点:

  1. 更快速的交付和部署
    传统:一堆帮助文档,安装程序
    Docker:打包镜像文件发布测试,一键运行
  2. 更便捷的升级和扩缩容
    使用了Docker之后,我们部署应用就和搭积木一样。
    项目打包为一个镜像,扩容, 服务器A 服务器B
  3. 更简单的系统运维
    在容器化之后,我们的开发,测试环境都是高度一致的
  4. 更高效的资源利用
    Docker是内核级的虚拟化,可以在一个物理机上运行很多的容器实例,服务器的性能可以被压榨到极致。

基础名词

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image-20200514195805400

  1. 镜像(image):
    docker镜像就好比是一个模板,可以通过这个模板来创建容器服务,tomcat镜像 => run =>tomcat01容器(提供服务),通过这个镜像可以创建多个容器(最终服务运行或者项目运行就是在容器中的)。
  2. 容器(container):
    Docker利用容器技术可以独立运行一个或者一组应用,通过镜像来创建的,启动,停止、删除、基本命令
    目前就可以把这个容器理解为一个简易的linux系统
  3. 仓库(repository)
    仓库就是存放镜像的地方!仓库分为公有和私有仓库!
    Docker hub(默认是国外的) 阿里云…都有容器服务器(配置镜像加速!)

镜像就是类,容器就是实例化后的实体类,仓库就是用来存放镜像的地方

2 Docker配置与使用

==官网安装教程:==https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/centos/

2.1 查看服务器linux系统版本

[root@abc ~]# uname -r
3.10.0-1160.59.1.el7.x86_64

2.2 查看系统配置

[root@abc ~]# cat /etc/os-release
NAME=“CentOS Linux”
VERSION=“7 (Core)”
ID=“centos”
ID_LIKE=“rhel fedora”
VERSION_ID=“7”
PRETTY_NAME=“CentOS Linux 7 (Core)”
ANSI_COLOR=“0;31”
CPE_NAME=“cpe:/o:centos:centos:7”
HOME_URL=“https://www.centos.org/”
BUG_REPORT_URL=“https://bugs.centos.org/”
CENTOS_MANTISBT_PROJECT=“CentOS-7”
CENTOS_MANTISBT_PROJECT_VERSION=“7”
REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT=“centos”
REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT_VERSION=“7”

2.3 安装Docker

  1. 卸载旧版本Docker
yum remove docker \docker-client \docker-client-latest \docker-common \docker-latest \docker-latest-logrotate \docker-logrotate \docker-engine
  1. 下载需要的安装包
yum install -y yum-utils
  1. 设置镜像的仓库
国外的,慢
yum-config-manager \--add-repo \https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
国内的
yum-config-manager\--add-repo \http://mirrors.aliyun.com/dockerce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
  1. 更新软件包索引
yum makecache fast
  1. 安装Docker引擎

    docker-ce: 社区版 docker-ee企业版

yum install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io 
  1. 启动Docker
systemctl start docker

​ 查看Docker版本 docker version

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  1. 测试helloWorld
docker run hello-world

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此界面仅表示docker安装成功

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  1. 查看下载的Hello-world镜像

docker images

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2.4 卸载Docker

  1. 卸载依赖
sudo yum remove docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
  1. 删除目录(运行环境/资源)
sudo rm -rf /var/lib/docker
sudo rm -rf /var/lib/containerd
#/var/lib/docker 默认工作路径

2.5 阿里云镜像加速

  1. 登录阿里云,找到镜像服务

image-20220523132442689

  1. 找到镜像加速地址

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  1. 配置使用
# 
sudo mkdir -p /etc/dockersudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{"registry-mirrors": ["https://jfqibt7a.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOFsudo systemctl daemon-reloadsudo systemctl restart docker
  1. 创建文件夹哎
  2. 设置阿里云镜像加速
  3. 重启服务
  4. 重启Docker

2.6 回顾Hello-world流程

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2.7 底层原理

Docker Engine是一个客户端-服务器(C/S,Client/Server)应用程序,具有以下主要组件:

  • 一个服务器,它是一种长期运行的程序,称为守护进程(dockerd命令),Docker的守护进程运行在主机上,通过Socket从客户端访问。
  • 一个REST API,它指定程序可以用来与守护进程对话并指示它做什么的接口。
  • Docker是一个Client Server结构的系统,Docker守护进程运行在主机上,然后通过Socket连接从客户端访问,守护进程从客户端接受命令并管理运行在主机上的容器。

  • 容器,是一个运行时环境就是我们所说的集装箱。

img

客户端命令通过socker到达守护进程

2.8 为什么Docker比Vm快

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  • docker有着比虚拟机更少的抽象层。由于docker不需要Hypervisor实现硬件资源虚拟化,运行在docker容器上的程序直接使用的都是实际物理机的硬件资源。因此在CPU、内存利用率上docker将会在效率上有明显优势。
  • docker利用的是宿主机的内核,而不需要Guest OS。因此,当新建一个 容器时,docker不需要和虚拟机一样重新加载一个操作系统内核。仍而避免引寻、加载操作系统内核返个比较费时费资源的过程,当新建一个虚拟机时,虚拟机软件需要加载GuestOS,返个新建过程是分钟级别的。而docker由于直接利用宿主机的操作系统,则省略了返个过程,因此新建一个docker容器只需要几秒钟。

img


3 Docker 常用命令

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3.1 帮助命令

docker version    #显示docker的版本信息。
docker info       #显示docker的系统信息,包括镜像和容器的数量
docker 命令 --help #帮助命令

帮助文档的地址:https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/docker/

3.2 镜像命令

docker images 查看所有本地主机上的镜像

	docker images [-a,-q,-aq]
---仓库              标签                    ID              创建时间              大小     
---
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
hello-world         latest              bf756fb1ae65        7 months ago        13.3kB
---# 可选项
--all , -a      # 列出所有镜像
--quiet , -q    # 只显示镜像的id

docker search #搜索镜像

	docker search mysql [-f=AAA=BBB]
------
NAME                           DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql                          MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   12618     [OK]  
---# 可选项
--filter=STARS=3000     # 搜素出来的镜像就是STARS大于3000的----------------
​	[root@localhost ~]# docker search mysql -f=STARS=4000
NAME      DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql     MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   12618     [OK]       
mariadb   MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou…   4847      [OK]  

docker pull 下载镜像

# 下载镜像,docker pull 镜像名[:tag][root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ ~]# docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest           # 如果不写tag,默认就是latest
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
bf5952930446: Pull complete         # 分层下载,docker images 的核心,联合文件系统
8254623a9871: Pull complete 
938e3e06dac4: Pull complete 
ea28ebf28884: Pull complete 
f3cef38785c2: Pull complete 
894f9792565a: Pull complete 
1d8a57523420: Pull complete 
6c676912929f: Pull complete 
ff39fdb566b4: Pull complete 
fff872988aba: Pull complete 
4d34e365ae68: Pull complete 
7886ee20621e: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:c358e72e100ab493a0304bda35e6f239db2ec8c9bb836d8a427ac34307d074ed     # 签名
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest      # 真实地址# 等价于,下面两个命令是等价的。docker pull mysql
​	docker pull docker.io/library/mysql:latest---------------------------------------------------------------------
# 指定版本下载docker pull mysql:5.7
5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
bf5952930446: Already exists   # 已存在,表示共用,可以极大的节省内存
8254623a9871: Already exists 
938e3e06dac4: Already exists 
ea28ebf28884: Already exists 
f3cef38785c2: Already exists 
894f9792565a: Already exists 
1d8a57523420: Already exists 
5f09bf1d31c1: Pull complete  # 没有的才需要下载更新
1b6ff254abe7: Pull complete 
74310a0bf42d: Pull complete 
d398726627fd: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:da58f943b94721d46e87d5de208dc07302a8b13e638cd1d24285d222376d6d84
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7
docker.io/library/mysql:5.7# 查看本地镜像[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
mysql               5.7                 718a6da099d8        6 days ago          448MB
mysql               latest              0d64f46acfd1        6 days ago          544MB
hello-world         latest              bf756fb1ae65        7 months ago        13.3kB

docker rmi 删除镜像

-f 是全部删除,可以通过imageID来删除,也可以通过name来删除。

 [root@abc ~]# docker rmi -f 镜像ID 				   #删除指定的镜像[root@abc ~]# docker rmi -f 镜像ID 镜像ID 镜像ID 	#删除多个镜像[root@abc ~]# docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq) 	#删除所有镜像

3.3 容器命令

3.3.1 下载CentOs镜像

docker pull centos
----------------------------
​	[root@localhost ~]# docker pull centosUsing default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/centos
a1d0c7532777: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:a27fd8080b517143cbbbab9dfb7c8571c40d67d534bbdee55bd6c473f432b177
Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:latest
docker.io/library/centos:latest​	[root@localhost ~]# docker imagesREPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
mysql         latest    3218b38490ce   5 months ago   516MB
hello-world   latest    feb5d9fea6a5   8 months ago   13.3kB
centos        latest    5d0da3dc9764   8 months ago   231MB
 docker run  镜像id  #新建容器并启动docker ps 列出所有运行的容器 docker container list​ docker rm 容器id #删除指定容器docker start 容器id	#启动容器docker restart 容器id	#重启容器docker stop 容器id	#停止当前正在运行的容器docker kill 容器id	#强制停止当前容器

3.3.2 docker run 新建容器并启动

docker run [可选参数] image | docker container run [可选参数] image # 参数说明
--name=“Name”   容器名字    tomcat01    tomcat02    用来区分容器
-d      后台方式运行
-it     使用交互方式运行,进入容器查看内容,不用这个参数进不去容器
-p(小写)      指定容器的端口     -p 8080:80801. -p  ip:主机端口:容器端口2. -p  主机端口:容器端口(常用)(映射)3. -p  容器端口4. 容器端口
-P(大写)      随机指定端口-------------------------------------------------------------
# 测试,启动并进入容器[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash主机名就是镜像ID​ [root@7e77b4c56100 /]# ls   # 查看容器内的centos,基础版本,很多命令是不完善的
bin  etc   lib	  lost+found  mnt  proc  run   srv  tmp  var
dev  home  lib64  media       opt  root  sbin  sys  usr# 从容器中退回主机
[root@77969f5dcbf9 /]# exit
exit

3.3.3 docker ps 列出所有运行的容器

 docker ps 命令  		#列出当前正在运行的容器-a, --all     	 #列出当前 正在 运行的容器 + 带出历史运行过的容器-n=?, --last int   #列出最近创建的?个容器 ?为1则只列出最近创建的一个容器,为2则列出2个-q, --quiet        #只列出容器的编号--------------------------------------------------------
[root@abc ~]# docker ps -a -n=1[root@abc ~]# docker ps #看看[root@abc ~]# docker ps -a[root@abc ~]# docker ps -aq

3.3.4 exit 退出容器

 exit 		#容器直接退出
ctrl +P +Q  #容器不停止退出 	---注意:这个很有用的操作, 这是命令不是键盘快捷键

3.3.5 docker rm 删除容器

 docker rm 容器id   				#删除指定的容器,不能删除正在运行的容器,如果要强制删除 rm -rfdocker rm -f $(docker ps -aq)  	 #删除所有的容器(后面 ${}是参数传递),历史记录也删除了docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm  #删除所有的容器

3.3.6 docker start restart stop kill 启动和停止容器的操作

 docker start 容器id	#启动容器docker restart 容器id	#重启容器docker stop 容器id	#停止当前正在运行的容器docker kill 容器id	#强制停止当前容器

3.4. 常用其他命令

3.4.1 后台启动容器 docker run -d

 # 命令 docker run -d 镜像名
-----------------------------------------------------------
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d centos
77ac366130abee70553194e77889bbc9d988859cee730aead8829efafa1ae40d
# 问题 docker ps, 发现centos停止了
# 常见的坑, docker 容器使用后台运行, 就必须要有一个前台进程,docker发现没有应用,就会自动停止
# nginx, 容器启动后,发现自己没有提供服务,就会立即停止,就是没有程序了

3.4.2 查看日志 docker logs

 docker logs -tf --tail number 容器id-tf                 # 显示日志--tail number       # 显示日志条数
-------------------------------------------------------------------------[root@localhost ~]# docker logs -tf --tail 10 6c0558cbcd09
2022-05-24T02:10:29.433468463Z [root@6c0558cbcd09 /]# exit     # 日志输出# 自己编写一段shell脚本
​ docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo xiaofan;sleep 1;done"

3.4.3 查看容器中进程信息 docker top

#命令 docker top 容器ID
--------------
​ [root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
c55c1a083e2e   centos    "/bin/sh -c 'while t…"   12 minutes ago   Up 12 minutes             fervent_beaver
​ [root@localhost ~]# docker top c55c1a083e2e
用户ID              进程ID              父进程ID
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
root                11132               11113               0                   10:33               ?                   00:00:00            /bin/sh -c while true;do echo 123YX;sleep 1;done
root                12498               11132               0                   10:47               ?                   00:00:00            /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 1

3.4.4 查看镜像的元数据 docker inspect

 #命令 docker inspect 容器ID
----------------------------------------------------------
# 测试
[root@localhost ~]# docker inspect c55c1a083e2e
[{镜像id只是全路径id的一个缩写"Id": "c55c1a083e2e5e33d6a5577e4ac9d953718f746bcf79841a7b9fa7deb643c5a2",创建时间"Created": "2022-05-24T02:33:45.796548118Z",控制台"Path": "/bin/sh",传递的参数"Args": ["-c","while true;do echo 123YX;sleep 1;done"],状态"State": {"Status": "running","Running": true,"Paused": false,"Restarting": false,"OOMKilled": false,"Dead": false,"Pid": 11132,"ExitCode": 0,"Error": "","StartedAt": "2022-05-24T02:33:46.224199282Z","FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"},"Image": "sha256:5d0da3dc976460b72c77d94c8a1ad043720b0416bfc16c52c45d4847e53fadb6","ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/c55c1a083e2e5e33d6a5577e4ac9d953718f746bcf79841a7b9fa7deb643c5a2/resolv.conf","HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/c55c1a083e2e5e33d6a5577e4ac9d953718f746bcf79841a7b9fa7deb643c5a2/hostname","HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/c55c1a083e2e5e33d6a5577e4ac9d953718f746bcf79841a7b9fa7deb643c5a2/hosts","LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/c55c1a083e2e5e33d6a5577e4ac9d953718f746bcf79841a7b9fa7deb643c5a2/c55c1a083e2e5e33d6a5577e4ac9d953718f746bcf79841a7b9fa7deb643c5a2-json.log","Name": "/fervent_beaver","RestartCount": 0,"Driver": "overlay2","Platform": "linux","MountLabel": "","ProcessLabel": "","AppArmorProfile": "","ExecIDs": null,"HostConfig": {"Binds": null,"ContainerIDFile": "","LogConfig": {"Type": "json-file","Config": {}},"NetworkMode": "default","PortBindings": {},"RestartPolicy": {"Name": "no","MaximumRetryCount": 0},"AutoRemove": false,"VolumeDriver": "","VolumesFrom": null,"CapAdd": null,"CapDrop": null,"CgroupnsMode": "host","Dns": [],"DnsOptions": [],"DnsSearch": [],"ExtraHosts": null,"GroupAdd": null,"IpcMode": "private","Cgroup": "","Links": null,"OomScoreAdj": 0,"PidMode": "","Privileged": false,"PublishAllPorts": false,"ReadonlyRootfs": false,"SecurityOpt": null,"UTSMode": "","UsernsMode": "","ShmSize": 67108864,"Runtime": "runc","ConsoleSize": [0,0],"Isolation": "","CpuShares": 0,"Memory": 0,"NanoCpus": 0,"CgroupParent": "","BlkioWeight": 0,"BlkioWeightDevice": [],"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,"CpuPeriod": 0,"CpuQuota": 0,"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,"CpusetCpus": "","CpusetMems": "","Devices": [],"DeviceCgroupRules": null,"DeviceRequests": null,"KernelMemory": 0,"KernelMemoryTCP": 0,"MemoryReservation": 0,"MemorySwap": 0,"MemorySwappiness": null,"OomKillDisable": false,"PidsLimit": null,"Ulimits": null,"CpuCount": 0,"CpuPercent": 0,"IOMaximumIOps": 0,"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,"MaskedPaths": ["/proc/asound","/proc/acpi","/proc/kcore","/proc/keys","/proc/latency_stats","/proc/timer_list","/proc/timer_stats","/proc/sched_debug","/proc/scsi","/sys/firmware"],"ReadonlyPaths": ["/proc/bus","/proc/fs","/proc/irq","/proc/sys","/proc/sysrq-trigger"]},"GraphDriver": {"Data": {"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/0c335307a36317a110766faea36b3c7c868ae5ee9b8c27a989edacf3b6892829-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/b62e37aaada82eaec082715523ac39af7267a00be9af7f268d0cee3645b702e4/diff","MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/0c335307a36317a110766faea36b3c7c868ae5ee9b8c27a989edacf3b6892829/merged","UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/0c335307a36317a110766faea36b3c7c868ae5ee9b8c27a989edacf3b6892829/diff","WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/0c335307a36317a110766faea36b3c7c868ae5ee9b8c27a989edacf3b6892829/work"},"Name": "overlay2"},挂载"Mounts": [],"Config": {"Hostname": "c55c1a083e2e","Domainname": "","User": "","AttachStdin": false,"AttachStdout": false,"AttachStderr": false,"Tty": false,"OpenStdin": false,"StdinOnce": false,"Env": ["PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"],"Cmd": ["/bin/sh","-c","while true;do echo 123YX;sleep 1;done"],"Image": "centos","Volumes": null,"WorkingDir": "","Entrypoint": null,"OnBuild": null,"Labels": {"org.label-schema.build-date": "20210915","org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2","org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image","org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0","org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"}},网络命令"NetworkSettings": {"Bridge": "","SandboxID": "9aed795b5d2eb0a3d6b31cd48f29acabf338aa036703b40e063df5af1b564490","HairpinMode": false,"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "","LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,"Ports": {},"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/9aed795b5d2e","SecondaryIPAddresses": null,"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,"EndpointID": "4e0e7bcc423265a62a278215bf9200d8ed34e68a8a82e95b97390915831c6ba4","Gateway": "172.17.0.1","GlobalIPv6Address": "","GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,"IPAddress": "172.17.0.3","IPPrefixLen": 16,"IPv6Gateway": "","MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:03","Networks": {"bridge": {"IPAMConfig": null,"Links": null,"Aliases": null,"NetworkID": "8d26d8f19fe79975f51b98bb21730e285b04a26e21cd0b5b4cbc02c01ea370e8","EndpointID": "4e0e7bcc423265a62a278215bf9200d8ed34e68a8a82e95b97390915831c6ba4","Gateway": "172.17.0.1","IPAddress": "172.17.0.3","IPPrefixLen": 16,"IPv6Gateway": "","GlobalIPv6Address": "","GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:03","DriverOpts": null}}}}
]

3.4.5 进入当前正在运行的容器 docker exec -it 容器id bashshell

# 我们通常容器都是在后台运行,需要进入容器,修改一些配置
# 命令docker exec -it 容器id bashshell
# 方式一[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
c55c1a083e2e   centos    "/bin/sh -c 'while t…"   53 minutes ago   Up 53 minutes             fervent_beaver
​ [root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it c55c1a083e2e /bin/bash
[root@c55c1a083e2e /]# ls
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var------------------------------------------------------# 方式二
​ dcoker attach 容器id
# 测试
Docker version 20.10.16, build aa7e414
[root@localhost ~]# docker attach c55c1a083e2e
123YX
123YX
123YX
123YX
123YX
正在执行当前的代码...==================================================================
# 区别
docker exec #进入容器后开启一个新的终端
docker attach # 进入容器正在执行的终端,不会启动新的进程

3.4.6 docker cp 从容器中拷贝文件到主机

容器之间是互相隔离状态

#命令docker cp 容器ID:容器内路径 目的主机路径
----------------------------------------------------------------------​ [root@localhost /]# docker run -it centos 
WARNING: IPv4 forwarding is disabled. Networking will not work.
[root@44e56a21f70f /]# pwd
/
​ [root@44e56a21f70f /]# touch cp.java  [root@44e56a21f70f /]# exit
exit[root@localhost /]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS                      PORTS     NAMES
44e56a21f70f   centos    "/bin/bash"   57 seconds ago   Exited (0) 18 seconds ago             beautiful_beaver
​ [root@localhost /]# docker cp 44e56a21f70f:/cp.java /[root@localhost /]# ls
bin   cp.java  etc   lib    media  opt   root  sbin  sys        tmp  var
boot  dev      home  lib64  mnt    proc  run   srv   test.java  usr
#拷贝是一个手动过程,未来我们使用 -v卷的技术,可以实现自动

3.4.7 小结

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attach      Attach local standard input, output, and error streams to a running container#当前shell下 attach连接指定运行的镜像build       Build an image from a Dockerfile # 通过Dockerfile定制镜像commit      Create a new image from a container's changes #提交当前容器为新的镜像cp          Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem #拷贝文件create      Create a new container #创建一个新的容器diff        Inspect changes to files or directories on a container's filesystem #查看docker容器的变化events      Get real time events from the server # 从服务获取容器实时时间exec        Run a command in a running container # 在运行中的容器上运行命令export      Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive #导出容器文件系统作为一个tar归档文件[对应import]history     Show the history of an image # 展示一个镜像形成历史images      List images #列出系统当前的镜像import      Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image #从tar包中导入内容创建一个文件系统镜像info        Display system-wide information # 显示全系统信息inspect     Return low-level information on Docker objects #查看容器详细信息kill        Kill one or more running containers # kill指定docker容器load        Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN #从一个tar包或标准输入中加载一个镜像[对应save]login       Log in to a Docker registry #logout      Log out from a Docker registrylogs        Fetch the logs of a containerpause       Pause all processes within one or more containersport        List port mappings or a specific mapping for the containerps          List containerspull        Pull an image or a repository from a registrypush        Push an image or a repository to a registryrename      Rename a containerrestart     Restart one or more containersrm          Remove one or more containersrmi         Remove one or more imagesrun         Run a command in a new containersave        Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default)search      Search the Docker Hub for imagesstart       Start one or more stopped containersstats       Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statisticsstop        Stop one or more running containerstag         Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGEtop         Display the running processes of a containerunpause     Unpause all processes within one or more containersupdate      Update configuration of one or more containersversion     Show the Docker version informationwait        Block until one or more containers stop, then print their exit codes

4 Docker部署软件实战

4.1 Docker安装Nginx

# 1. 搜索镜像 search 建议去docker hub搜索,可以看到帮助文档
​ docker search nginx
# 2. 下载镜像 pull
​ docker pull nginx
# 3. 查看镜像
​ docker images
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
nginx         latest    605c77e624dd   4 months ago   141MB
mysql         latest    3218b38490ce   5 months ago   516MB
hello-world   latest    feb5d9fea6a5   8 months ago   13.3kB
centos        latest    5d0da3dc9764   8 months ago   231MB
# 4. 启动# -d 后台运行# -name 给容器命名# -p 宿主机端口:容器内部端口
​ docker run -d --name nginx01 -p 3344:80 nginx
496d49e1b1d932865039b5d4436defbe91439a2c8c82ec3f551edb0aa0d5b524==外网访问主机3344端口时,可以访问到容器的80端口==
# 5. 查看运行状态[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ home]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS         PORTS                                   NAMES
496d49e1b1d9   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   2 minutes ago   Up 2 minutes   0.0.0.0:3344->80/tcp, :::3344->80/tcp   nginx01
# 6. 本地访问测试[root@localhost /]# curl localhost:3344 # 本地访问测试
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html><head><title>Welcome to nginx!</title><style>html {color-scheme: light dark;}body {width: 35em;margin: 0 auto;font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;}</style></head><body><h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1><p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed andworking. Further configuration is required.</p><p>For online documentation and support please refer to<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br />Commercial support is available at<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p><p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p></body>
</html># 7、进入容器,修改配置[root@localhost /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS                                   NAMES
496d49e1b1d9   nginx     "/docker-entrypoint.…"   55 minutes ago   Up 55 minutes   0.0.0.0:3344->80/tcp, :::3344->80/tcp   nginx01
​  [root@localhost /]# docker exec -it nginx01 /bin/bash
​  root@496d49e1b1d9:/#  whereis nginx   ==# 找nginx==
nginx: /usr/sbin/nginx /usr/lib/nginx /etc/nginx /usr/share/nginx
​  root@496d49e1b1d9:/# cd /etc/nginx/
​  root@496d49e1b1d9:/etc/nginx# ls
conf.d	fastcgi_params	mime.types  modules  nginx.conf  scgi_params  uwsgi_params
root@496d49e1b1d9:/etc/nginx# 

思考问题:我们每次都需要改动nginx配置,都需要进入容器内部?十分的麻烦,我们要是可以在容器外部提供一个映射路径,达到可以在容器外部修改文件名,容器内部就可以进行自动修改?-数据卷

端口暴露概念

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4.2 Docker安装Tomcat

# 官网下载 tomcat9.0docker run -it --rm tomcat:9.0
# 之前的启动都是后台,停止了容器,容器还是可以查到, docker run -it --rm 镜像名 一般是用来测试,用完就删除[root@iz2zeak7sgj6i7hrb2g862z ~]# docker run -it --rm tomcat:9.0--rm       Automatically remove the container when it exits 用完即删#下载 最新版[root@abc ~]# docker pull tomcat:9.0
9.0: Pulling from library/tomcat
Digest: sha256:cd96d4f7d3f5fc4d3bc1622ec678207087b8215d55021a607ecaefba80b403ea
Status: Image is up to date for tomcat:9.0
docker.io/library/tomcat:9.0#查看下载的镜像[root@abc ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
nginx         latest    605c77e624dd   4 months ago   141MB
tomcat        9.0       b8e65a4d736d   5 months ago   680MB
mysql         5.7       c20987f18b13   5 months ago   448MB
hello-world   latest    feb5d9fea6a5   8 months ago   13.3kB
centos        latest    5d0da3dc9764   8 months ago   231MB#以后台方式,暴露端口方式,启动运行# docker run -d -p 3355:8080 --name tomcat02 tomcat#测试访问有没有问题
curl localhost:3355
报出404错误,说明可以访问,但是tomcat有问题,不完整#根据容器id进入tomcat容器[root@iz2zeak7sgj6i7hrb2g862z ~]# docker exec -it 645596565d3f /bin/bash
root@645596565d3f:/usr/local/tomcat# 
#查看tomcat容器内部内容:
​ root@645596565d3f:/usr/local/tomcat# ls -l
total 152
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 18982 May  5 20:40 BUILDING.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  5409 May  5 20:40 CONTRIBUTING.md
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 57092 May  5 20:40 LICENSE
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  2333 May  5 20:40 NOTICE
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  3255 May  5 20:40 README.md
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  6898 May  5 20:40 RELEASE-NOTES
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 16262 May  5 20:40 RUNNING.txt
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  4096 May 16 12:05 bin
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root  4096 May 21 11:04 conf
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  4096 May 16 12:05 lib
drwxrwxrwx 1 root root  4096 May 21 11:04 logs
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  4096 May 16 12:05 native-jni-lib
drwxrwxrwx 2 root root  4096 May 16 12:05 temp
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  4096 May 16 12:05 webapps
drwxr-xr-x 7 root root  4096 May  5 20:37 webapps.dist
drwxrwxrwx 2 root root  4096 May  5 20:36 work
root@645596565d3f:/usr/local/tomcat# 
-------------------------------------------
#进入webapps目录
​ root@645596565d3f:/usr/local/tomcat# cd webapps
​ root@645596565d3f:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps# ls
​ root@645596565d3f:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps# 
# 发现问题:1、linux命令少了。 2.webapps目录为空 
# 原因:阿里云镜像的原因,阿里云默认是最小的镜像,所以不必要的都剔除掉
# 保证最小可运行的环境!
# 解决方案:
# 将webapps.dist下的文件都拷贝到webapps下即可
​ root@645596565d3f:/usr/local/tomcat# ls 找到webapps.dist
BUILDING.txt	 LICENSE  README.md	 RUNNING.txt  conf  logs  temp     webapps.dist
CONTRIBUTING.md  NOTICE   RELEASE-NOTES  bin   lib   native-jni-lib  webapps  work​ root@645596565d3f:/usr/local/tomcat# cd webapps.dist/ # 进入webapps.dist 
​ root@645596565d3f:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps.dist# ls # 查看内容
ROOT  docs  examples  host-manager  manager​ root@645596565d3f:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps.dist# cd ..
​ root@645596565d3f:/usr/local/tomcat# cp -r webapps.dist/* webapps # 拷贝webapps.dist 内容给webapps
​ root@645596565d3f:/usr/local/tomcat# cd webapps #进入webapps
​ root@645596565d3f:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps# ls #查看拷贝结果
ROOT  docs  examples  host-manager  manager

这样tomcat就没问题了,外网访问时候直接 主机地址:3355 即可

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4.3 Docker部署es + kibana

# es 暴露的端口很多!
# es 十分耗内存
# es 的数据一般需要放置到安全目录!挂载
# --net somenetwork ? 网络配置# 启动elasticsearch[root@iz2zeak7sgj6i7hrb2g862z ~]# docker run -d --name elasticsearch -p 9200:9200 -p 9300:9300 -e "discovery.type=single-node" elasticsearch:7.6.2安装后会很卡​ # 测试一下es是否成功启动~ curl localhost:9200
{"name" : "d73ad2f22dd3","cluster_name" : "docker-cluster","cluster_uuid" : "atFKgANxS8CzgIyCB8PGxA","version" : {"number" : "7.6.2","build_flavor" : "default","build_type" : "docker","build_hash" : "ef48eb35cf30adf4db14086e8aabd07ef6fb113f","build_date" : "2020-03-26T06:34:37.794943Z","build_snapshot" : false,"lucene_version" : "8.4.0","minimum_wire_compatibility_version" : "6.8.0","minimum_index_compatibility_version" : "6.0.0-beta1"},"tagline" : "You Know, for Search"
}#测试成功就关掉elasticSearch,防止耗内存[root@iz2zeak7sgj6i7hrb2g862z ~]# docker stats  # 查看docker容器使用内存情况
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------#测试成功就关掉elasticSearch,可以添加内存的限制,修改配置文件 -e 环境配置修改(看自己的容器号,这个可能也是copy别人的,所以号不一样)~ docker rm -f d73ad2f22dd3            # stop命令也行                               
​ ➜  ~ docker run -d --name elasticsearch01 -p 9200:9200 -p 9300:9300 -e "discovery.type=single-node" -e ES_JAVA_OPTS="-Xms64m -Xmx512m" elasticsearch:7.6.2
​ docker stats
CONTAINER ID   NAME              CPU %     MEM USAGE / LIMIT     MEM %     NET I/O     BLOCK I/O       PIDS
56d4fde935d2   elasticsearch01   0.52%     395.9MiB / 1.795GiB   21.54%    656B / 0B   106MB / 729kB   43------------------------------------------------------------[root@abc ~]# curl localhost:9200
{"name" : "56d4fde935d2","cluster_name" : "docker-cluster","cluster_uuid" : "VCzCca-fRmCpeINIBPUoTQ","version" : {"number" : "7.6.2","build_flavor" : "default","build_type" : "docker","build_hash" : "ef48eb35cf30adf4db14086e8aabd07ef6fb113f","build_date" : "2020-03-26T06:34:37.794943Z","build_snapshot" : false,"lucene_version" : "8.4.0","minimum_wire_compatibility_version" : "6.8.0","minimum_index_compatibility_version" : "6.0.0-beta1"},"tagline" : "You Know, for Search"
}

img

4.3.1 可视化

  • portainer(先用这个,这个不是最佳选择)
  • 一个docker图形化管理工具
# 下载,安装,测试docker run -d -p 8088:9000 \
--restart=always -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock --privileged=true portainer/portainer
# 这时候就可以打开外网地址访问8088接口了

image-20220526110849138

除了外网访问也可以内网访问
​ curl localhost:8088

进入之后的面板

image-20220526111320046

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  • 平时不会用,自己看看就可以

5 Docker镜像xz

5.1 镜像是什么

镜像是一种轻量级、可执行的独立软件包,用来打包软件运行环境和基于运行环境开发的软件,它包含运行某个软件所需的所有内容,包括代码、运行时、库、环境变量和配置文件

所有的应用,直接打包docker镜像,就可以直接跑起来,不需要运维部署环境了

如何得到镜像:

  • 从远处仓库下载
  • 朋友拷贝给你
  • 自己制作一个镜像DockerFile

5.2 Docker镜像加载原理

5.2.1 UnionFS(联合文件系统)

UnionFS(联合文件系统):Union文件系统(UnionFS)是一种分层、轻量级并且高性能的文件系统,它支持对文件系统的修改作为一次提交来一层层的叠加,同时可以将不同目录挂载到同一个虚拟文件系统下(unite several directories into a single virtual filesystem)。Union 文件系统是 Docker 镜像的基础。镜像可以通过分层来进行继承,基于基础镜像(没有父镜像),可以制作各种具体的应用镜像。

特性:一次同时加载多个文件系统,但从外面看起来,只能看到一个文件系统,联合加载会把各层文件系统叠加起来,这样最终的文件系统会包含所有底层的文件和目录。

git每次操作都有记录,docker pull 下载时候看到一层一层的就是这个

A软件有的部分,B软件需要的话就不用重新下载了

5.2.2 镜像加载原理

**bootfs(boot file system)**主要包含bootloader和kernel, bootloader主要是引导加载kernel, Linux刚启动时会加载bootfs文件系统,在Docker镜像的最底层是bootfs。这一层与我们典型的Linux/Unix系统是一样的,包含boot加载器和内核。当boot加载完成之后整个内核就都在内存中了,此时内存的使用权已由bootfs转交给内核,此时系统也会卸载bootfs。

rootfs (root file system),在bootfs之上。包含的就是典型 Linux 系统中的 /dev,/proc,/bin,/etc 等标准目录和文件。rootfs就是各种不同的操作系统发行版,比如Ubuntu,Centos等等。

平时我们安装虚拟机的centos都是好几个G,为什么Docker这里才200M?因为是精简过的,引导没了,只有文件,效率最大化。

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对于一个精简的OS,rootfs 可以很小,只需要包含最基本的命令,工具和程序库就可以了,因为底层直接用Host的kernel,自己只需要提供rootfs就可以了。由此可见对于不同的linux发行版, bootfs基本是一致的,rootfs会有差别,因此不同的发行版可以公用bootfs。

虚拟机是分钟级别的,容器是秒级别的。

任何系统安装需要引导加载,所以Bootfs

黑屏-开机-系统 这过程就是种加载

容器就是小的虚拟机环境

底层的内核是不变的

5.3分层理解

我们去下载一个镜像,注意观察下载的日志输出,可以看到是一层一层的在下载!

image-20210506142415950

  • 思考:为什么要采用这种分层的结构呢?

最大的好处,我觉得莫过于是资源共享了,比如有多个镜像都从相同的Base镜像构建而来,那么宿主机只需要在磁盘上保留一份base镜像,同时内存中只需要加载一份base镜像,这样就可以为多有的容器服务了,而且每一层都可以被共享

查看镜像分层的方式可以通过docker image inspect 命令

[root@abc ~]# clear[root@abc ~]# docker pull redis
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/redis
a2abf6c4d29d: Already exists 
c7a4e4382001: Pull complete 
4044b9ba67c9: Pull complete 
c8388a79482f: Pull complete 
413c8bb60be2: Pull complete 
1abfd3011519: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:db485f2e245b5b3329fdc7eff4eb00f913e09d8feb9ca720788059fdc2ed8339
Status: Downloaded newer image for redis:latest
docker.io/library/redis:latest
​ [root@abc ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY            TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
nginx                 latest    605c77e624dd   4 months ago    141MB
tomcat                9.0       b8e65a4d736d   5 months ago    680MB
tomcat                latest    fb5657adc892   5 months ago    680MB
redis                 latest    7614ae9453d1   5 months ago    113MB
mysql                 5.7       c20987f18b13   5 months ago    448MB
hello-world           latest    feb5d9fea6a5   8 months ago    13.3kB
centos                latest    5d0da3dc9764   8 months ago    231MB
portainer/portainer   latest    580c0e4e98b0   14 months ago   79.1MB
elasticsearch         7.6.2     f29a1ee41030   2 years ago     791MB
​ [root@abc ~]# docker image inspect redis:latest
[{"Id": "sha256:7614ae9453d1d87e740a2056257a6de7135c84037c367e1fffa92ae922784631","RepoTags": ["redis:latest"],"RepoDigests": ["redis@sha256:db485f2e245b5b3329fdc7eff4eb00f913e09d8feb9ca720788059fdc2ed8339"],"Parent": "","Comment": "","Created": "2021-12-21T12:42:49.755107412Z","Container": "13d25f53410417c5220c8dfe8bd49f06abdbcd69faa62a9b877de02464bb04a3","ContainerConfig": {"Hostname": "13d25f534104","Domainname": "","User": "","AttachStdin": false,"AttachStdout": false,"AttachStderr": false,"ExposedPorts": {"6379/tcp": {}},"Tty": false,"OpenStdin": false,"StdinOnce": false,"Env": ["PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin","GOSU_VERSION=1.12","REDIS_VERSION=6.2.6","REDIS_DOWNLOAD_URL=http://download.redis.io/releases/redis-6.2.6.tar.gz","REDIS_DOWNLOAD_SHA=5b2b8b7a50111ef395bf1c1d5be11e6e167ac018125055daa8b5c2317ae131ab"],"Cmd": ["/bin/sh","-c","#(nop) ","CMD [\"redis-server\"]"],"Image": "sha256:e093f59d716c95cfce82c676f099b960cc700432ab531388fcedf79932fc81ec","Volumes": {"/data": {}},"WorkingDir": "/data","Entrypoint": ["docker-entrypoint.sh"],"OnBuild": null,"Labels": {}},"DockerVersion": "20.10.7","Author": "","Config": {"Hostname": "","Domainname": "","User": "","AttachStdin": false,"AttachStdout": false,"AttachStderr": false,"ExposedPorts": {"6379/tcp": {}},"Tty": false,"OpenStdin": false,"StdinOnce": false,"Env": ["PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin","GOSU_VERSION=1.12","REDIS_VERSION=6.2.6","REDIS_DOWNLOAD_URL=http://download.redis.io/releases/redis-6.2.6.tar.gz","REDIS_DOWNLOAD_SHA=5b2b8b7a50111ef395bf1c1d5be11e6e167ac018125055daa8b5c2317ae131ab"],"Cmd": ["redis-server"],"Image": "sha256:e093f59d716c95cfce82c676f099b960cc700432ab531388fcedf79932fc81ec","Volumes": {"/data": {}},"WorkingDir": "/data","Entrypoint": ["docker-entrypoint.sh"],"OnBuild": null,"Labels": null},"Architecture": "amd64","Os": "linux","Size": 112691373,"VirtualSize": 112691373,"GraphDriver": {"Data": {"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/814f9dba4508a65e32865be3b4c39a6b12e613c3bd0e51fb7df567751a56451e/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/0c50d6f9f9c40df14323924274be9f9454cee6887bc010be48aa335bfa4401dc/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/e14651278e9e761c7a453b05f9a710f82297609d3cee6648e5eb162a05672255/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/0ff367cff8b761e37cc58b1e730e22a07b30a41d02b9c6cdc6c5957d3120590f/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/a7649e0248b14af93e37d6a86a45cdabf34ee586ad27f33615784d61978ec2d0/diff","MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/dd53d8aa6067c0ccf4f7d7695b7a66faf778db164fe126e9ccf7350ef97c4435/merged","UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/dd53d8aa6067c0ccf4f7d7695b7a66faf778db164fe126e9ccf7350ef97c4435/diff","WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/dd53d8aa6067c0ccf4f7d7695b7a66faf778db164fe126e9ccf7350ef97c4435/work"},"Name": "overlay2"},"RootFS": {"Type": "layers","Layers": ["sha256:2edcec3590a4ec7f40cf0743c15d78fb39d8326bc029073b41ef9727da6c851f","sha256:9b24afeb7c2f21e50a686ead025823cd2c6e9730c013ca77ad5f115c079b57cb","sha256:4b8e2801e0f956a4220c32e2c8b0a590e6f9bd2420ec65453685246b82766ea1","sha256:529cdb636f61e95ab91a62a51526a84fd7314d6aab0d414040796150b4522372","sha256:9975392591f2777d6bf4d9919ad1b2c9afa12f9a9b4d260f45025ec3cc9b18ed","sha256:8e5669d8329116b8444b9bbb1663dda568ede12d3dbcce950199b582f6e94952"]},"Metadata": {"LastTagTime": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}
]
        "RootFS": {"Type": "layers","Layers": ["sha256:2edcec3590a4ec7f40cf0743c15d78fb39d8326bc029073b41ef9727da6c851f","sha256:9b24afeb7c2f21e50a686ead025823cd2c6e9730c013ca77ad5f115c079b57cb","sha256:4b8e2801e0f956a4220c32e2c8b0a590e6f9bd2420ec65453685246b82766ea1","sha256:529cdb636f61e95ab91a62a51526a84fd7314d6aab0d414040796150b4522372","sha256:9975392591f2777d6bf4d9919ad1b2c9afa12f9a9b4d260f45025ec3cc9b18ed","sha256:8e5669d8329116b8444b9bbb1663dda568ede12d3dbcce950199b582f6e94952"]},

理解

  • 所有的 Docker|镜像都起始于一个基础镜像层,当进行修改或增加新的内容时,就会在当前镜像层之上,创建新的镜像层。

  • 举一个简单的例子,假如基于 Ubuntu Linux 16.04 创建一个新的镜像,这就是新镜像的第一层;如果在该镜像中添加 Python包,就会在基础镜像层之上创建第二个镜像层;如果继续添加一个安全补丁,就会创建第三个镜像层。

在添加额外的镜像层的同时,镜像始终是保持当前所有镜像的组合,理解这一点是非常重要的。下图距举了一个简单的例子,每个镜像包含三个文件,而镜像包含了来自两个镜像层的6个文件。

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上图中的镜像层和之前的图中略有区别,主要目的是便于展示文件

下图中展示了一个稍微复杂的三层镜像,在外部看来整个镜像只有6个文件,这是因为最上层的文件7是文件5的一个更新版

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这种情况下,上层镜像层中的文件覆盖了底层镜像层中的文件。这样就使得文件的更新版本作为一个新镜像层添加到镜像当中。 Docker 通过存储引擎(新版本采用快照机制)的方式来实现镜像层堆栈,并保证多镜像层对外展示为统一的文件系統。 Linux 上可用的存储引擎有 AUFS、Overlay2、Device Mapper、Btrfs 以及 ZFS。顾名思义,每种存储引擎都基于 Linux 中对应的文件系统或者块设备技术,并且每种存储引擎都有其独有的性能特点。

  • Docker 在 Windows 上仅支持 windowsfiter一种存储引擎,该引擎基于 NTFS 文件系统之上实现了分层和 CoW[1]。

下图展示了与系统显示相同的三层镜像。所有镜像层堆叠并合井,对外提供统一的视图。

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特点

Docker镜像都是只读的,当容器启动时,一个新的可写层被加载到镜像顶部!

这一层就是我们通常说的容器层,容器之下的都叫镜像层

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镜像层是远程下载过来的,无法改变。但是镜像层+操作可以组合成容器层,可以修改

5.4 提交镜像 commit

如果你想要保存当前的状态,就通过commit提交,获得一个镜像,就好比我们以前学习VM时候,快照

# docker commit 提交容器成为一个新的副本     # 命令和git原理类似docker commit -m="提交的描述信息" -a="作者" 容器id 目标镜像名:[tag]
------------------------------------------------------------
# 启动一个默认的tomcat
# 发现这个默认的tomcat是没有webapps应用的,
# 镜像的原因:官方镜像默认webapps下面没有文件的!# 我自己拷贝进去了基本的文件
# 将我们自己操作过后的容器通过commit提交为一个镜像,我们以后就可以使用自己修改过的镜像,
# 这就是我们自己的一个修改过的镜像[root@localhost ~]
------------------------------------------------------------
# 实战测试[root@abc ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
​ [root@abc ~]# docker run -it -p 8080:8080  tomcat
Using CATALINA_BASE:   /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME:   /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME:        /usr/local/openjdk-11
Using CLASSPATH:       /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
…………省略tomcat日志
​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​=同时新建另一个访问窗口=​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
​ [root@abc ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND             CREATED          STATUS          PORTS                                       NAMES
33b2b22d068c   tomcat    "catalina.sh run"   37 seconds ago   Up 36 seconds   0.0.0.0:8080->8080/tcp, :::8080->8080/tcp   awesome_lamarr
​ [root@abc ~]# docker exec -it 33b2b22d068c /bin/bash
​ root@33b2b22d068c:/usr/local/tomcat# cp -r  webapps.dist/* webapps 
​ root@33b2b22d068c:/usr/local/tomcat# cd webapps 
​ root@33b2b22d068c:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps# ls
ROOT  docs  examples  host-manager  manager
​ root@33b2b22d068c:/usr/local/tomcat# exit
exit[root@abc ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND             CREATED         STATUS         PORTS                                       NAMES
33b2b22d068c   tomcat    "catalina.sh run"   8 minutes ago   Up 8 minutes   0.0.0.0:8080->8080/tcp, :::8080->8080/tcp   awesome_lamarr
同时外网测试,可用,可以访问​ ​ ​ ​ # 开始提交镜像​ ​ ​ ​ ​ docker commit -a="yi_xia" -m="miao_shu"  33b2b22d068c tomcat02​ [root@abc ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY            TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED          SIZE
tomcat02              latest    a2f142e3d016   18 seconds ago   684MB
nginx                 latest    605c77e624dd   4 months ago     141MB
tomcat                9.0       b8e65a4d736d   5 months ago     680MB
tomcat                latest    fb5657adc892   5 months ago     680MB
redis                 latest    7614ae9453d1   5 months ago     113MB
mysql                 5.7       c20987f18b13   5 months ago     448MB
hello-world           latest    feb5d9fea6a5   8 months ago     13.3kB
centos                latest    5d0da3dc9764   8 months ago     231MB
portainer/portainer   latest    580c0e4e98b0   14 months ago    79.1MB
elasticsearch         7.6.2     f29a1ee41030   2 years ago      791MB 
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 例子2:
[root@abc ~]# docker commit -a="yi_xia" -m="miao_shu" 33b2b22d068c my_tomcat_1.0
sha256:5bc7ddad0d13316199754a1ccaf59f395996a19424bd7a3361c487c08d12d89c
[root@abc ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY            TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED          SIZE
my_tomcat_1.0         latest    5bc7ddad0d13   16 seconds ago   684MB  # 我的自定义tomcat镜像
tomcat02              latest    a2f142e3d016   2 minutes ago    684MB
nginx                 latest    605c77e624dd   4 months ago     141MB
tomcat                9.0       b8e65a4d736d   5 months ago     680MB
tomcat                latest    fb5657adc892   5 months ago     680MB
redis                 latest    7614ae9453d1   5 months ago     113MB
mysql                 5.7       c20987f18b13   5 months ago     448MB
hello-world           latest    feb5d9fea6a5   8 months ago     13.3kB
centos                latest    5d0da3dc9764   8 months ago     231MB
portainer/portainer   latest    580c0e4e98b0   14 months ago    79.1MB
elasticsearch         7.6.2     f29a1ee41030   2 years ago      791MB

6 容器数据卷

6.1 什么是容器数据卷

将应用环境打包成一个镜像!

数据?如果数据都在容器中,那么我们容器删除,数据就会丢失!需求:数据可以持久化

MySQL,容器删除了,删库跑路!需求:MySQL的数据可以存储在本地

容器之间可以有一个数据共享的技术docker容器中产生的数据,同步到本地

这就是卷技术,目录的挂载,将容器内的目录挂载在Linux上面

总结一句话:容器的持久化和同步操作,容器间也是可以数据共享的

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6.2 使用数据卷

6.2.1 直接使用命令挂载 -v

 docker run -it -v 主机目录:容器的目录
-------------------------------------------------------------
# 测试   运行时候设置挂载,主机目录:容器目录 [root@localhost home]# docker run -it -v /home/ceshi:/home centos /bin/bash
这时候打开新的窗口,查询本地/home目录下有无ceshi文件夹,发现有文件夹,
以后这两个文件夹就会同步,就像是windows的快捷方式一样,位置不同但是内容是同一个。# 容器启动的时候我们可以通过docker inspect 容器id(主机里查看而不要在容器内查看,能看到个屁)[root@abc home]# docker inspect a0c66f548d9f​​​​中间省略​​​​"Mounts": [{"Type": "bind","Source": "/home/ceshi",   ​ 主机地址"Destination": "/home",    ​ 容器地址"Mode": "","RW": true,"Propagation": "rprivate"}],
​​​​中间省略​​​​ 

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# 第二个测试1.停止容器
2、宿主机上修改文件
3、启动容器
4、容器内的数据依旧是同步的

image-20220526162226244

好处:我们以后修改只需要在本地进行修改即可,容器内部会自动进行同步!

6.3 安装MySql

# 下载MySqldocker pull mysql:5.7
# 运行MySql,需要做数据挂载,安装MySQL需要配置密码-v 挂载  -d 后台    -p 端口映射  -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=AAA 密码    
# 在启动成功后,我们在本地使用sqlyog来测试连接一下# sqlyog--连接到服务器3310---3310和容器内部的3306进行映射,这个时候我们就可以连接上了# 在本地测试新建一个数据库,查看一下我们映射的路径是否ok
---------------------------------------------------------------
# 测试[root@abc ceshi]# docker run -d -p 3310:3306 -v /home/mysql/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d -v /home/mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 --name mysql01 mysql:5.7
728013542f3addfd2cd289e2e3636f599621ec5d18f78d908b8a02fa6216089c使用本地第三方数据库连接工具进行测试:navicat
navicat 连接到服务器的3310,3310与容器内3306映射 所以可以访问

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新建数据库,本地的/home/mysql/data 里面就会出现新的数据库

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如果容器没了,只要挂载在本地,数据还是会出现在本机的。 这就是容器数据持久化功能。

6.4 具名挂载 & 匿名挂载

6.4.1 匿名挂载

# ​​匿名挂载​​,注意这里使用-P表示的指定随机的端口号,没有指定主机的位置信息   -v 容器内路径
​ docker run  -d -P --name nginx01 -v /etc/nginx nginx
# 查看所有卷的情况  
​ [root@abc _data]# docker volume ls
DRIVER    VOLUME NAME
local     0fc82f426afafb02f2a6809628ceedfddfed2ceea939899840f4d2979a3bf331
local     05d862915f42c1d1858214838e44d9ab8fffd105e8c20bfe442b7a01b54c2f64
local     49c862d44de94dfcb8ddc5d0e5f16f82c777eedc2d2f699d2e1c85c764e2adb6
local     068897006a4793fb993836602acc606ace9f0abc4ef94f7a345a07d8ef9c2f64
local     c6dab0a9dff5152873c8e5351f5101495c2e5ffc6fe523e64f70bf8c0de36712
local     ccd2589cb34192b3cafa4011addba789eba2709da2d06181a7db28f2897410bc
local     d52122937d35957bef4138c05c00b4f4dc88a343d6de3030fa52a54bebc2470d
local     juming-nginx# 这里发现,这种就是匿名挂载,我们在-v只写了容器内的路径,没有写容器外的路径
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 查看卷的具体信息
​ [root@abc _data]# docker inspect 0fc82f426afafb02f2a6809628ceedfddfed2ceea939899840f4d2979a3bf331
[{"CreatedAt": "2022-05-26T10:03:48+08:00","Driver": "local","Labels": null,"Mountpoint": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/0fc82f426afafb02f2a6809628ceedfddfed2ceea939899840f4d2979a3bf331/_data","Name": "0fc82f426afafb02f2a6809628ceedfddfed2ceea939899840f4d2979a3bf331","Options": null,"Scope": "local"}
]

6.4.2 具名挂载

# ​​具名挂载​​docker run -d -P --name nginx02 -v juming-nginx:/etc/nginx  nginx
---------------------------------------------------------------------
​ [root@abc ~]# docker run -d -P --name nginx02 -v juming-nginx:/etc/nginx  nginx
086e88b4858f6cca43c9d1237effb543d1e94749046665739bf8039c49d203e3
​ [root@abc ~]# docker volume ls
DRIVER    VOLUME NAME
local     0fc82f426afafb02f2a6809628ceedfddfed2ceea939899840f4d2979a3bf331
local     05d862915f42c1d1858214838e44d9ab8fffd105e8c20bfe442b7a01b54c2f64
local     49c862d44de94dfcb8ddc5d0e5f16f82c777eedc2d2f699d2e1c85c764e2adb6
local     068897006a4793fb993836602acc606ace9f0abc4ef94f7a345a07d8ef9c2f64
local     c6dab0a9dff5152873c8e5351f5101495c2e5ffc6fe523e64f70bf8c0de36712
local     ccd2589cb34192b3cafa4011addba789eba2709da2d06181a7db28f2897410bc
local     d52122937d35957bef4138c05c00b4f4dc88a343d6de3030fa52a54bebc2470d
local     juming001-nginx
local     juming-nginx与上面相比,多了个倒数第二行。也就是自己新加的卷-------------------------------------------------------------------
# 查看具名nginx信息[root@abc ~]# docker volume inspect juming-nginx
[{"CreatedAt": "2022-05-26T19:14:50+08:00","Driver": "local","Labels": null,"Mountpoint": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/juming-nginx/_data",挂载的具体目录的地址"Name": "juming-nginx","Options": null,"Scope": "local"}
]
Docker容器内的卷,没有指定目录情况下都是在 /var/lib/docker/volumes/XXXX/-data
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 进入目录查看dicker卷信息[root@abc ~]# cd /var/lib/docker[root@abc docker]# ls
buildkit  containers  image  network  overlay2  plugins  runtimes  swarm  tmp  trust  volumes
​ [root@abc docker]# cd volumes[root@abc volumes]# ls
068897006a4793fb993836602acc606ace9f0abc4ef94f7a345a07d8ef9c2f64
0fc82f426afafb02f2a6809628ceedfddfed2ceea939899840f4d2979a3bf331
49c862d44de94dfcb8ddc5d0e5f16f82c777eedc2d2f699d2e1c85c764e2adb6
backingFsBlockDev
c6dab0a9dff5152873c8e5351f5101495c2e5ffc6fe523e64f70bf8c0de36712
ccd2589cb34192b3cafa4011addba789eba2709da2d06181a7db28f2897410bc
d52122937d35957bef4138c05c00b4f4dc88a343d6de3030fa52a54bebc2470d
juming-nginx
metadata.db
​ [root@abc volumes]# pwd
/var/lib/docker/volumes
​ [root@abc volumes]# cd juming-nginx[root@abc juming-nginx]# ls
_data
​ [root@abc juming-nginx]# cd _data[root@abc _data]# ls
conf.d  fastcgi_params  mime.types  modules  nginx.conf  scgi_params  uwsgi_params
  • Docker容器内的卷,没有指定目录情况下都是在 /var/lib/docker/volumes/XXXX/-data

  • 我们通过具名挂载可以方便找到我们的一个卷,大多数情况下都是使用具名挂载

6.4.3 判断具名与匿名挂载

 # 如何确定是匿名挂载还是具名挂载,还是指定路径挂载 ​ 
-v 容器内路径 # 匿名挂载
-v 卷名:容器内路径 # 具名挂载,卷名没有路径/
-v 宿主机路径:容器内路径 # 指定路径挂载,一般/开头
1234

6.4.4 拓展

# 通过 -v 容器内路径:ro rw 改变读写权限
ro readonly # 只读
rw readwrite # 可读可写# 一旦设置了这个容器权限,容器对我们挂载出来的内容就有了限定了
docker run -d -P --name nginx02 -v juming-nginx:/etc/nginx:ro nginx
docker run -d -P --name nginx02 -v juming-nginx:/etc/nginx:rw nginx# ro 只要看到ro就说明这个路径只能通过宿主机来操作,容器内部是无法进行操作的

6.5 数据卷容器;DockerFile

 [root@abc home]# pwd
/home
​ [root@abc home]# ls
ceshi  dockerfile  docker-test  mysql  test1.java  test.java
[root@abc home]# cd docker-test[root@abc docker-test]# vim testdf  # 创建dockerfile文件并编写命令[root@abc docker-test]# cat testdf  # 打印编写的命令
FROM centos:7VOLUME ["volume01","volume02"]CMD echo "-----------end-------------"
CMD /bin/bash----------------------------------------------------------
​ [root@abc docker-test]# docker build -f testdf -t centos-test20220527:0.2 .
Sending build context to Docker daemon  2.048kB
Step 1/4 : FROM centos:7---> eeb6ee3f44bd
Step 2/4 : VOLUME ["volume01","volume02"]---> Running in 0fa0f5afa14b
Removing intermediate container 0fa0f5afa14b---> ba32b5f9e5ad
Step 3/4 : CMD echo "-----------end-------------"---> Running in 9dc06ce9febb
Removing intermediate container 9dc06ce9febb---> 28c6848d9ed0
Step 4/4 : CMD /bin/bash---> Running in dc3f99a148df
Removing intermediate container dc3f99a148df---> 3bb636778c29
Successfully built 3bb636778c29               # 运行成功
Successfully tagged centos-test20220527:0.2
​ [root@abc docker-test]# docker images
REPOSITORY            TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED          SIZE
centos-test20220527   0.2       3bb636778c29   5 seconds ago    204MB
mycentos20220527      0.1       32a73d064967   37 minutes ago   601MB
<none>                <none>    cf1d4afcc58a   57 minutes ago   231MB
my_tomcat_1.0         latest    5bc7ddad0d13   20 hours ago     684MB
tomcat02              latest    a2f142e3d016   20 hours ago     684MB
nginx                 latest    605c77e624dd   4 months ago     141MB
tomcat                9.0       b8e65a4d736d   5 months ago     680MB
tomcat                latest    fb5657adc892   5 months ago     680MB
redis                 latest    7614ae9453d1   5 months ago     113MB
mysql                 5.7       c20987f18b13   5 months ago     448MB
docker                latest    15a9bc7c6340   5 months ago     216MB
hello-world           latest    feb5d9fea6a5   8 months ago     13.3kB
centos                7         eeb6ee3f44bd   8 months ago     204MB
centos                latest    5d0da3dc9764   8 months ago     231MB
portainer/portainer   latest    580c0e4e98b0   14 months ago    79.1MB
elasticsearch         7.6.2     f29a1ee41030   2 years ago      791MB
---------------------------------------------------------​ [root@abc docker-test]# docker run -it 3bb636778c29 /bin/bash[root@fa0c7a431276 /]# ls
anaconda-post.log  dev  home  lib64  mnt  proc  run   srv  tmp  var  ​volume02​ 
bin                etc  lib   media  opt  root  sbin  sys  usr  ​volume01​ 
这两个目录就是生成镜像时候自动挂载的目录,外界一定有同步的目录
----------------------------------------------------------------
​ #回到主机,查看卷挂载目录路径exit[root@abc ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND       CREATED              STATUS              PORTS     NAMES
21556eceea04   3bb636778c29   "/bin/bash"   About a minute ago   Up About a minute             eloquent_raman
​ [root@abc ~]# docker inspect 21556eceea04"Mounts": [{"Type": "volume","Name": "8415d45427f1ec84c95008dd303fbb7ce49006a6aa780d730786b58971592b78","Source": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/8415d45427f1ec84c95008dd303fbb7ce49006a6aa780d730786b58971592b78/_data","Destination": "volume02","Driver": "local","Mode": "","RW": true,"Propagation": ""},{"Type": "volume","Name": "316156f28050bc03f6539b009dbee43a316578fb3262965f1d6fea09200d59c1","Source": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/316156f28050bc03f6539b009dbee43a316578fb3262965f1d6fea09200d59c1/_data","Destination": "volume01","Driver": "local","Mode": "","RW": true,"Propagation": ""}],这种方式未来的使用非常多,因为我们自己通常会构建自己的镜像
假设构建镜像的时候没有挂载,需要自己手动挂载镜像 -v 卷名:容器内路径

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6.6 ## 数据卷容器

多个MySQL同步数据

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启动3个上面的测试容器

docker01是父容器

 [root@abc ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY            TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED             SIZE
centos-test20220527   0.2       3bb636778c29   20 minutes ago      204MB​ [root@abc ~]# docker run -it --name docker1 centos-test20220527:0.2  [root@90038b87d58f /]# ls
anaconda-post.log  dev  home  lib64  mnt  proc  run   srv  tmp  var       volume02
bin                etc  lib   media  opt  root  sbin  sys  usr  volume01# 等待docker2启动后在执行[root@af6e6b4a9e97 /]# cd volume01[root@af6e6b4a9e97 volume01]# ls[root@af6e6b4a9e97 volume01]# touch 1.java
 [root@90038b87d58f /]# [root@abc ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE                     COMMAND                  CREATED              STATUS              PORTS     NAMES
90038b87d58f   centos-test20220527:0.2   "/bin/sh -c /bin/bash"   About a minute ago   Up About a minute             docker01
​ [root@abc ~]# docker run -it --name docker02 --volumes-from docker1  centos-test20220527:0.2  [root@b180d1e0df2d /]# ls
anaconda-post.log  dev  home  lib64  mnt  proc  run   srv  tmp  var       volume02
bin                etc  lib   media  opt  root  sbin  sys  usr  volume01
​ [root@af6e6b4a9e97 volume01]# ls
啥都没有,空# 等待docker1的创建命令执行后[root@5710c55ca265 volume01]# ls
1.java
这时候就可以查询到了
docker1就是数据卷容器,被挂载
这时候创建docekr3容器,挂载在docker1上,也是可以同步的,且docker1,2,3都同步​ [root@abc ~]# docker run -it --name docker03 --volumes-from docker1  centos-test20220527:0.2[root@e098ca19f89b /]# ls
anaconda-post.log  dev  home  lib64  mnt  proc  run   srv  tmp  var       volume02
bin                etc  lib   media  opt  root  sbin  sys  usr  volume01
​ [root@e098ca19f89b /]# cd volume01[root@e098ca19f89b volume01]# ls
1.java

docker2,3都挂载在docker1上,删除docker1时候,docker2,3数据都有,且同步

这是因为docker1,2,3本质都是挂载在主机上某个目录的

6.6.1 多个MySql数据共享

docker run -d -p 3310:3306 
-v /etc/mysql/conf.d 
-v /var/lib/mysql 
-e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=338218 
--name mysql01 mysql:5.7docker run -d -p 3311:3306 
-e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=338218 
--name mysql02 
--volumes-from mysql01 mysql:5.7# 这个时候可以实现两个容器数据同步

结论:

  • 容器之间配置信息的传递,数据卷容器的生命周期这一直持续到没有容器使用为止

  • 但是一旦持久化到了本地,这个时候,本地的数据不会被删除


7 DockerFile

dockerfile是用来构建docker镜像的文件,命令参数脚本

7.1 构建步骤:

1. 编写一个dockerfile文件
2. docker build构建为一个镜像
3. docker run 运行镜像
4. docker push发布镜像(DockerHub、阿里云镜像仓库)

  • 很多官方的镜像都是基础包,很多功能都没有,(基础包)。我们通常会自己搭建自己的镜像

7.2 基础知识:

1、每个保留关键字(指令)都是必须是**大写字母**
2、执行从上到下顺序执行
3#表示注释
4、每一个指令都会创建提交一个新的镜像层,并提交

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  • dockerfile是面向开发的,我们以后要发布项目,做镜像,就需要编写dockerfile文件,这个文件十分简单!

  • Docker镜像逐渐成为了企业交付的标准,必须要掌握

  • 步骤:开发,部署,运维…缺一不可

​ - DockerFile:构建文件,定义了一切的步骤,源代码

​ - DockerImages:通过DockerFile构建生成的镜像,最终发布和运行的产品

​ - Docker容器:容器就是镜像运行起来提供服务的

前面教的是使用Docker,现在学习的是如何创建Docker,先回用,后会制造

举例:ker File指令

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 FROM  		# 基础镜像,一切从这里开始
​ MAINTAINER  # 镜像是谁写的,姓名+邮箱
​ RUN  		# 镜像构建的时候需要运行的命令
​ ADD  		# 步骤:往里面加东西:tomcat镜像,这个tomcat压缩包,添加内容
​ WORKDIR 	# 镜像的工作目录
​ VOLUME  	# 挂载的目录
​ EXPOSE 		# 暴露端口配置
​ CMD  		# 指定容器运行时的shell命令,只有最后一个生效,可被替代
​ ENTRYPOINT 	# 指定容器运行时的shell命令,可以追加命令
​ ONBUILD  	# 当构建一个被继承DockerFile这个时候就会运行ONBUILD的指令,触发指令
​ COPY  		# 类似ADD,将我们文件拷贝到镜像中
​ ENV  		# 构建的时候设置环境变量

点击查看图片来源

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7.3 实战训练

Docker Hub中99%的镜像都是从这个基础镜像过来的FROM scratch,然后配置需要的软件和配置来进行构建的

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# 主机根目录下/home 创建dockerfile文件夹 
[root@abc ~]# cd /home
[root@abc home]# ls
ceshi  mysql  test1.java  test.java
​ [root@abc home]# mkdir dockerfile
[root@abc home]# ls
ceshi  dockerfile  mysql  test1.java  test.java
​ [root@abc home]# cd dockerfile
[root@abc dockerfile]# :71. ​​编写DockerFile文件​​
# ​ ​ ​ 官方的centos没有 vim,i'f'con'fig ,自定义镜像的目标就是加上vim​ ​ ​ 
# 开始编写自定义DockerFile文件[root@abc dockerfile]# vim mydf[root@abc dockerfile]# cat mydf
FROM centos:7
MAINTAINER YiXia20220527<yxmiaoyu@163.com>ENV MYPATH /usr/local
WORKDIR $MYPATHRUN yum -y install vim
RUN yum -y install net-toolsEXPOSE 80CMD echo $MYPATH
CMD echo "---end-----"
CMD /bin/bash[root@abc dockerfile]# 2. ​​构建镜像​​
​ [root@abc dockerfile]# docker build -f mydf -t mycentos20220527:0.1 .
Sending build context to Docker daemon  27.65kB
…………
Step 10/10 : CMD /bin/bash---> Running in 3c823cdde8d3
Removing intermediate container 3c823cdde8d3---> 32a73d064967
Successfully built 32a73d064967            # 运行成功了
Successfully tagged mycentos20220527:0.1
​ [root@abc dockerfile]# docker images
REPOSITORY            TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED          SIZE
mycentos20220527      0.1       32a73d064967   13 minutes ago   601MB    # 我的自定义镜像
<none>                <none>    cf1d4afcc58a   33 minutes ago   231MB
my_tomcat_1.0         latest    5bc7ddad0d13   19 hours ago     684MB
tomcat02              latest    a2f142e3d016   19 hours ago     684MB
nginx                 latest    605c77e624dd   4 months ago     141MB
tomcat                9.0       b8e65a4d736d   5 months ago     680MB
tomcat                latest    fb5657adc892   5 months ago     680MB
redis                 latest    7614ae9453d1   5 months ago     113MB
mysql                 5.7       c20987f18b13   5 months ago     448MB
docker                latest    15a9bc7c6340   5 months ago     216MB
hello-world           latest    feb5d9fea6a5   8 months ago     13.3kB
centos                7         eeb6ee3f44bd   8 months ago     204MB
centos                latest    5d0da3dc9764   8 months ago     231MB
portainer/portainer   latest    580c0e4e98b0   14 months ago    79.1MB
elasticsearch         7.6.2     f29a1ee41030   2 years ago      791MB3.​​运行镜像​​ 
​ [root@abc dockerfile]# docker run -it mycentos20220527:0.1  # 不带版本号的话会默认去找最新的[root@ffe933c501d4 local]# pwd
/usr/local
​ [root@ffe933c501d4 local]# ifconfig
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500inet 172.17.0.2  netmask 255.255.0.0  broadcast 172.17.255.255ether 02:42:ac:11:00:02  txqueuelen 0  (Ethernet)RX packets 8  bytes 656 (656.0 B)RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0loop  txqueuelen 1000  (Local Loopback)RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

7.3.1 查看images历史 docker images images的ID

 [root@abc dockerfile]# docker history c20987f18b13
IMAGE          CREATED        CREATED BY                                      SIZE      COMMENT
c20987f18b13   5 months ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  CMD ["mysqld"]               0B        
<missing>      5 months ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  EXPOSE 3306 33060            0B        
<missing>      5 months ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  ENTRYPOINT ["docker-entry…   0B        
<missing>      5 months ago   /bin/sh -c ln -s usr/local/bin/docker-entryp…   34B       
<missing>      5 months ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop) COPY file:345a22fe55d3e678…   14.5kB    
<missing>      5 months ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  VOLUME [/var/lib/mysql]      0B        
<missing>      5 months ago   /bin/sh -c {   echo mysql-community-server m…   313MB     
<missing>      5 months ago   /bin/sh -c echo 'deb http://repo.mysql.com/a…   55B       
<missing>      5 months ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  ENV MYSQL_VERSION=5.7.36-0B        
<missing>      5 months ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  ENV MYSQL_MAJOR=5.7          0B        
<missing>      5 months ago   /bin/sh -c set -ex;  key='A4A9406876FCBD3C45…   1.84kB    
<missing>      5 months ago   /bin/sh -c apt-get update && apt-get install…   52.2MB    
<missing>      5 months ago   /bin/sh -c mkdir /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d    0B        
<missing>      5 months ago   /bin/sh -c set -eux;  savedAptMark="$(apt-ma…   4.17MB    
<missing>      5 months ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  ENV GOSU_VERSION=1.12        0B        
<missing>      5 months ago   /bin/sh -c apt-get update && apt-get install…   9.34MB    
<missing>      5 months ago   /bin/sh -c groupadd -r mysql && useradd -r -329kB     
<missing>      5 months ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  CMD ["bash"]                 0B        
<missing>      5 months ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:bd5c9e0e0145fe33b…   69.3MB   

7.3.2 拓展:Vim文本编辑器

Vim

7.4 CMD 与 ENTRYPOINT 区别

还是按照上面的新建dockerFile一样,同样操作流程,新建自定义的dockerfile文件。

 [root@abc ~]# clear[root@abc ~]# cd /home[root@abc home]# ls
ceshi  dockerfile  docker-test  mysql  test1.java  test.java
​ [root@abc home]# cd dockerfile[root@abc dockerfile]# ls
mydf
​ [root@abc dockerfile]# vim mydf1[root@abc dockerfile]# cat mydf1
FROM centos
CMD ["ls","-a"][root@abc dockerfile]# docker build -f mydf1 -t mydf1 .
Sending build context to Docker daemon  28.67kB
Step 1/2 : FROM centos---> 5d0da3dc9764
Step 2/2 : CMD ["ls","-a"]---> Running in 06bab16405d8
Removing intermediate container 06bab16405d8---> 184d81c40f1b
Successfully built 184d81c40f1b
Successfully tagged mydf1:latest
# 构建镜像成功后直接执行 [root@abc dockerfile]# docker run 184d81c40f1b
.
..
.dockerenv
bin
dev
etc
home
lib
lib64
lost+found
media
mnt
opt
proc
root
run
sbin
srv
sys
tmp
usr
var
# 发现ls -a命令生效了[root@abc dockerfile]# docker run 184d81c40f1b -l
docker: Error response from daemon: failed to create shim task: OCI runtime create failed: runc create failed: unable to start container process: exec: "-l": executable file not found in $PATH: unknown.
报错了,无法追加-l命令,用CMD情况下,-l替换了CMD命令,所以报错
-l换成 ls -al才可以执行------------------------------------------------------------
 [root@abc dockerfile]# vim mydf2[root@abc dockerfile]# cat mydf2
FROM centos:7​ ENTRYPOINT ["ls","-a"][root@abc dockerfile]# docker build -f mydf2 -t mydf2 .
Sending build context to Docker daemon   42.5kB
Step 1/2 : FROM centos:7---> eeb6ee3f44bd
Step 2/2 : ENTRYPOINT ["ls","-a"]---> Running in 0684641436cf
Removing intermediate container 0684641436cf---> 529e9267c719
Successfully built 529e9267c719
Successfully tagged mydf2:latest
​ [root@abc dockerfile]# docker run mydf2
.
..
.dockerenv
anaconda-post.log
bin
dev
etc
home
lib
lib64
media
mnt
opt
proc
root
run
sbin
srv
sys
tmp
usr
var
​ [root@abc dockerfile]# docker run mydf2 -l
total 64
drwxr-xr-x  1 root root  4096 May 27 07:43 .
drwxr-xr-x  1 root root  4096 May 27 07:43 ..
-rwxr-xr-x  1 root root     0 May 27 07:43 .dockerenv
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 12114 Nov 13  2020 anaconda-post.log
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root     7 Nov 13  2020 bin -> usr/bin
drwxr-xr-x  5 root root   340 May 27 07:43 dev
drwxr-xr-x  1 root root  4096 May 27 07:43 etc
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root  4096 Apr 11  2018 home
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root     7 Nov 13  2020 lib -> usr/lib
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root     9 Nov 13  2020 lib64 -> usr/lib64
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root  4096 Apr 11  2018 media
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root  4096 Apr 11  2018 mnt
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root  4096 Apr 11  2018 opt
dr-xr-xr-x 94 root root     0 May 27 07:43 proc
dr-xr-x---  2 root root  4096 Nov 13  2020 root
drwxr-xr-x 11 root root  4096 Nov 13  2020 run
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root     8 Nov 13  2020 sbin -> usr/sbin
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root  4096 Apr 11  2018 srv
dr-xr-xr-x 13 root root     0 May 26 02:23 sys
drwxrwxrwt  7 root root  4096 Nov 13  2020 tmp
drwxr-xr-x 13 root root  4096 Nov 13  2020 usr
drwxr-xr-x 18 root root  4096 Nov 13  2020 var对比最后两次命令效果,就可以发现 ENTRYPOINT 不覆盖,CMD覆盖

7.5 实战 TomCat镜像

要求:tomcat压缩包 , jdk的压缩包

7.5.1 准备 tomcat 与 jdk 安装包

 [root@abc:~/tomcat镜像]# ls
apache-tomcat-9.0.8-fulldocs.tar.gz  jdk-8u333-linux-x64.tar.gz

7.5.2 编写Dockerfile文件,这个名字官方默认名字,build时候会自动寻找这个文件

 [root@abc:~/tomcat镜像]# touch readme.txt[root@abc:~/tomcat镜像]# vim Dockerfile
----------------------------------
~                                                                                                                     
FROM centos:7      # 来源,选择版本的原因是因为下面下载yum时候会报错
MAINTAINER yx<yxmiaoyu@163.com>   # 作者信息COPY readme.txt /usr/local/readme.txt    # 复制文件
# 添加安装包,ADD命令添加时候会自动解压
ADD apache-tomcat-9.0.8-fulldocs.tar.gz /usr/local/
ADD jdk-8u333-linux-x64.tar.gz /usr/local/
# 添加vim命令
RUN yum -y install vim
# 设置环境变量,可以自动进入路径
ENV MYPATH /usr/local
# 工作目录
WORKDIR $MYPATHENV JAVA_HOME /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_333
ENV CLASSPATH $JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
ENV CATALINA_HOME /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.8
ENV CATALINA_BASH /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.8
ENV PATH $PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$CATALINA_HOME/lib:$CATALINA_HOME/bin# 暴露端口
EXPOSE 8080CMD /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.8/bin/startup.sh && tail -F /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.8/bin/logs/catalina.out---------------------------------------------------------------------------
​ [root@abc:~/tomcat镜像]# ll
total 145564
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   1048576 Jun  5 16:53 apache-tomcat-9.0.8-fulldocs.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root       637 Jun  5 17:13 Dockerfile
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 148003421 Jun  5 16:56 jdk-8u333-linux-x64.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root         0 Jun  5 16:58 readme.txt

7.5.3 构建镜像

 docker build -t diytomcat .

7.5.4 启动镜像

 [root@abc:~/mytomcatimage]# docker images
REPOSITORY            TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED             SIZE
diytomcat             latest    ce1984715920   6 minutes ago       859MB
<none>                <none>    96e677b452df   19 minutes ago      660MB
tomcat04              latest    c03fb94df78b   About an hour ago   684MB
tomcat_image_01       latest    ab3d09873dfe   6 days ago          684MB
grafana/grafana-oss   8.3.5     12ec1c89101f   4 months ago        274MB
nginx                 latest    605c77e624dd   5 months ago        141MB
tomcat                9.0       b8e65a4d736d   5 months ago        680MB
tomcat                latest    fb5657adc892   5 months ago        680MB
redis                 latest    7614ae9453d1   5 months ago        113MB
mysql                 5.7       c20987f18b13   5 months ago        448MB
mysql                 latest    3218b38490ce   5 months ago        516MB
hello-world           latest    feb5d9fea6a5   8 months ago        13.3kB
centos                7         eeb6ee3f44bd   8 months ago        204MB
centos                8         5d0da3dc9764   8 months ago        231MB
centos                latest    5d0da3dc9764   8 months ago        231MB
​ docker run -d -p 9090:8080 --name diytomcat0605 -v /home/eric/build/tomcat/test:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.8/webapps/test -v /home/eric/build/tomcat/tomcatlogs/:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.8/logs diytomcat----------------
# 解释,第一个挂载是将webapps下的test映射到本地tomcat下的test
-v /home/eric/build/tomcat/test:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.8/webapps/test# 解释,第二个挂载是将apache-tomcat-9.0.8下的日志映射到本地tomcat下的tomcatlogs
-v /home/eric/build/tomcat/tomcatlogs/:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.8/logs 

挂载成功

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7.5.5 发布项目

(由于做了卷挂载,我们直接在本地编写项目就可以发布了)

# 首先进入主机同步的那个文件夹
# 在本地tomcat/test文件夹下创建WEB-INF文件夹,在WEB-INF下编写web.xml文,
# 在/test 下编写index.jsp文件,
# 再访问http://192.168.58.129:9090/test/[root@abc:/home/eric/build/tomcat/test]# pwd
/home/eric/build/tomcat/test
​ [root@abc:/home/eric/build/tomcat/test]# mkdir WEB-INF[root@abc:/home/eric/build/tomcat/test]# ls
WEB-INF
​ [root@abc:/home/eric/build/tomcat/test]# cd WEB-INF[root@abc:/home/eric/build/tomcat/test/WEB-INF]# vim web.xml
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 这是web.xml内容
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.4" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd"></web-app>
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
​ [root@abc:/home/eric/build/tomcat/test/WEB-INF]# vim index.jsp
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 这是index.jsp内容
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>hello. xiaofan</title>
</head>
<body>
Hello World!<br/>
<%
System.out.println("-----my test web logs------");
%>
</body>
</html>
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

发现:项目部署成功, 可以直接访问ok!

我们以后开发的步骤:需要掌握Dockerfile的编写! 我们之后的一切都是使用docker进行来发布运行的!

7.6 发布镜像到DockerHub

1、地址https://hub.docker.com/

2、注册账号,确定这个账号可以登录 邮箱 + 经典密码 注意首字母大写

3、登录服务器

# 使用docker login -u [用户名],然后输入密码就可以登录成功[root@abc:~]# docker login -u dockerlinshi
Password: 这里跟linux一样,输入了看不见
WARNING! Your password will be stored unencrypted in /root/.docker/config.json.
Configure a credential helper to remove this warning. See
https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/login/#credentials-storeLogin Succeeded

4、登录完毕后就可以提交上去镜像,就是一步 docker push

 docker push 用户名/镜像名:版本号
​ docker push dockerlinshi/tomcat:1.0# 如果提示重复了,就在本地给镜像加个标签,然后提交新的镜像
# 解决,增加一个tag[root@abc:~]# docker tag diytomcat dockerlinshi/tomcat:1.0
diytomcat是我原始的镜像,,dockerlinshi/tomcat是新的镜像

7.7 发布镜像到阿里云镜像上

  1. 登录阿里云
  2. 找到容器镜像服务:https://cr.console.aliyun.com/cn-beijing/instance/new
  3. 创建命名空间

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  1. 创建镜像仓库

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  1. 参考官网文档

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1. 登录阿里云Docker Registry
$ docker login --username=aliyun4277238300 registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com
用于登录的用户名为阿里云账号全名,密码为开通服务时设置的密码。您可以在访问凭证页面修改凭证密码。2. 从Registry中拉取镜像
$ docker pull registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/yx_images_test/blilbili:[镜像版本号]
3. 将镜像推送到Registry
$ docker login --username=aliyun4277238300 registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com
$ docker tag [ImageId] registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/yx_images_test/blilbili:[镜像版本号]
$ docker push registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/yx_images_test/blilbili:[镜像版本号]
请根据实际镜像信息替换示例中的[ImageId][镜像版本号]参数。4. 选择合适的镜像仓库地址
从ECS推送镜像时,可以选择使用镜像仓库内网地址。推送速度将得到提升并且将不会损耗您的公网流量。如果您使用的机器位于VPC网络,请使用 registry-vpc.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com 作为Registry的域名登录。5. 示例
使用"docker tag"命令重命名镜像,并将它通过专有网络地址推送至Registry。$ docker images
REPOSITORY                                                         TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             VIRTUAL SIZE
registry.aliyuncs.com/acs/agent                                    0.7-dfb6816         37bb9c63c8b2        7 days ago          37.89 MB
$ docker tag 37bb9c63c8b2 registry-vpc.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/acs/agent:0.7-dfb6816
使用 "docker push" 命令将该镜像推送至远程。$ docker push registry-vpc.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/acs/agent:0.7-dfb6816----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
下面是自己的测试例子
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
​ [root@abc:~]# docker login --username=aliyun4277238300 registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com
​ Password: 
WARNING! Your password will be stored unencrypted in /root/.docker/config.json.
Configure a credential helper to remove this warning. See
https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/login/#credentials-storeLogin Succeeded
[root@abc:~]# docker images
REPOSITORY            TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED             SIZE
dockerlinshi/tomcat   1.0       399ae3410d85   About an hour ago   813MB
diytomcat             latest    399ae3410d85   About an hour ago   813MB
<none>                <none>    ce1984715920   2 hours ago         859MB
<none>                <none>    96e677b452df   2 hours ago         660MB
tomcat04              latest    c03fb94df78b   3 hours ago         684MB
tomcat_image_01       latest    ab3d09873dfe   6 days ago          684MB
grafana/grafana-oss   8.3.5     12ec1c89101f   4 months ago        274MB
nginx                 latest    605c77e624dd   5 months ago        141MB
tomcat                9.0       b8e65a4d736d   5 months ago        680MB
tomcat                latest    fb5657adc892   5 months ago        680MB
redis                 latest    7614ae9453d1   5 months ago        113MB
mysql                 5.7       c20987f18b13   5 months ago        448MB
mysql                 latest    3218b38490ce   5 months ago        516MB
hello-world           latest    feb5d9fea6a5   8 months ago        13.3kB
centos                7         eeb6ee3f44bd   8 months ago        204MB
centos                8         5d0da3dc9764   8 months ago        231MB
centos                latest    5d0da3dc9764   8 months ago        231MB
​ [root@abc:~]# docker push dockerlinshi/tomcat:1.0
The push refers to repository [docker.io/dockerlinshi/tomcat]
5cd69635503b: Preparing 
1053c7b8f435: Pushing [=========================================>         ]  303.7MB/369.1MB
922d03f9ded4: Preparing 
955bddf53e59: Preparing 
174f56854903: Preparing 
denied: requested access to the resource is denied

7.8 小节

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8 Docker网络

准备工作:清空所有镜像与容器,方便部署

 docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq)docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq

8.1 查看本机ip地址 IP addr

 [root@abc:~]# ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lovalid_lft forever preferred_lft foreverinet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000link/ether 00:16:3e:08:30:f7 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ffinet 172.26.211.8/20 brd 172.26.223.255 scope global dynamic eth0valid_lft 314322933sec preferred_lft 314322933secinet6 fe80::216:3eff:fe08:30f7/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: docker0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default link/ether 02:42:88:a1:23:21 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ffinet 172.17.0.1/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global docker0valid_lft forever preferred_lft foreverinet6 fe80::42:88ff:fea1:2321/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
---------------------------------------------------------

在这里插入图片描述

有三个网络,代表三种不同环境。

# 问题: docker是如何处理容器网络访问的?[root@abc:~]# docker run -d -P --name tomcat01 tomcat:7 
# 注意,新版本的tomcat没有ipaddr命令,需要自己装一个[root@abc:~]# docker exec -it tomcat02 ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lovalid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
188: eth0@if189: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default link/ether 02:42:ac:11:00:02 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0inet 172.17.0.2/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global eth0valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever# 每个容器都有个地址,思考linux可不可以ping eth0的地址
经过测试可以ping通,服务器生产的东西当然可以ping
# Linux可以ping通docker容器内部

8.1.1 原理

1、我们每启动一个docker容器,docker就会给docker容器分配一个ip,我们只要安装了docker,就会有一个网卡 docker0桥接模式 ,使用的技术是 evth-pair技术

再次测试ip addr,多了一对网卡

2、再启动一个容器测试,发现又多了一189网卡,189网卡就是新建的容器的ip地址

 [root@abc:~]# ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lovalid_lft forever preferred_lft foreverinet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000link/ether 00:16:3e:08:30:f7 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ffinet 172.26.211.8/20 brd 172.26.223.255 scope global dynamic eth0valid_lft 314321289sec preferred_lft 314321289secinet6 fe80::216:3eff:fe08:30f7/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: docker0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default link/ether 02:42:88:a1:23:21 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ffinet 172.17.0.1/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global docker0valid_lft forever preferred_lft foreverinet6 fe80::42:88ff:fea1:2321/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
189: veth40237f6@if188: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue master docker0 state UP group default link/ether 32:0f:67:0c:0c:3b brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0inet6 fe80::300f:67ff:fe0c:c3b/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

新增的ip地址为 189.188 ,发现于上面进入容器看到的ip地址是相同的。

在启动一个测试

 [root@abc:~]# docker run -d -P --name tomcat02 tomcat:7
85f00f77b18217a334a1af9d5ba6da0ccf8b8db2883db6b512836f2dd60bf0d4
[root@abc:~]# docker exec -it tomcat02 ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lovalid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
190: eth0@if191: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default link/ether 02:42:ac:11:00:03 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0inet 172.17.0.3/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global eth0valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
​ [root@abc:~]# ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lovalid_lft forever preferred_lft foreverinet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000link/ether 00:16:3e:08:30:f7 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ffinet 172.26.211.8/20 brd 172.26.223.255 scope global dynamic eth0valid_lft 314320917sec preferred_lft 314320917secinet6 fe80::216:3eff:fe08:30f7/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: docker0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default link/ether 02:42:88:a1:23:21 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ffinet 172.17.0.1/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global docker0valid_lft forever preferred_lft foreverinet6 fe80::42:88ff:fea1:2321/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
189: veth40237f6@if188: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue master docker0 state UP group default link/ether 32:0f:67:0c:0c:3b brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0inet6 fe80::300f:67ff:fe0c:c3b/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
191: veth29c194f@if190: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue master docker0 state UP group default link/ether 9a:d5:01:c2:c6:66 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 1inet6 fe80::98d5:1ff:fec2:c666/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever测试发现191.190 与上面的地址是一致的。

我们发现这些网卡都是一对对

veth-pair 就是一对的虚拟设备接口,它们都是成对出现的,一段连着协议,一段彼此相连

正因为有这个特性veth-pair充当一个桥梁,连接各种虚拟网络设备

OpenStack,Docker容器之间的连接,OVS的连接,都是使用veth-pair技术

 [root@abc:~]# docker exec -it tomcat01 ipaddr
OCI runtime exec failed: exec failed: unable to start container process: exec: "ipaddr": executable file not found in $PATH: unknown
[root@abc:~]# docker exec -it tomcat01 ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lovalid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
188: eth0@if189: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default link/ether 02:42:ac:11:00:02 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0inet 172.17.0.2/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global eth0valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
​ [root@abc:~]# docker exec -it tomcat02 ping 127.0.0.1
PING 127.0.0.1 (127.0.0.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.035 ms
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.055 ms两个tomcat容器之间可以ping通。

image-20210508201859735

结论:tomcat01和tomcat02是共用的一个路由器,docker0

所有的容器在不指定网络的情况下,都是由docker0路由的,docker会给我们的容器分配一个默认的可用ip

8.1.2 总结

Docker使用的是Linux桥接,宿主机中是一个Docker容器的网桥 docker0,所有请求都是经过 docker0 的

img

Docker中所有的网络接口都是虚拟的,虚拟的转发效率比较高(内网传递文件)

只要容器删除,对应的网桥就没了,那一对就没了。

8.2 --link

思考一个场景,我们编写了一个微服务,database url=ip:,项目不重启,数据库ip换掉了,我们希望可以处理这个问题,可以通过名字来访问容器?

[root@abc:~]# docker exec -it tomcat01 ping tomcat02
ping: tomcat02: Name or service not known

解决方法:两个网络连接就好了

 [root@abc:~]# docker exec -it tomcat01 ping tomcat02
ping: tomcat02: Name or service not known# 如何可以解决呢?
# 通过--link既可以解决网络连通问题[root@abc:~]# docker run -d -P --name tomcat03 --link tomcat02 tomcat:7
3eea722652c5d1c6713a105da230bcd373176737b8e246a85b9dbfdadc927b77​ [root@abc:~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE      COMMAND             CREATED          STATUS          PORTS                                         NAMES
3eea722652c5   tomcat     "catalina.sh run"   11 seconds ago   Up 10 seconds   0.0.0.0:49159->8080/tcp, :::49159->8080/tcp   tomcat03
85f00f77b182   tomcat:7   "catalina.sh run"   49 minutes ago   Up 49 minutes   0.0.0.0:49158->8080/tcp, :::49158->8080/tcp   tomcat02
8a6ef428c3eb   tomcat:7   "catalina.sh run"   55 minutes ago   Up 55 minutes   0.0.0.0:49157->8080/tcp, :::49157->8080/tcp   tomcat01​ [root@abc:~]# docker exec -it tomcat03 ping tomcat02
PING tomcat02 (172.17.0.3) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from tomcat02 (172.17.0.3): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.110 ms
64 bytes from tomcat02 (172.17.0.3): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.060 ms
64 bytes from tomcat02 (172.17.0.3): icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.081 ms​ # 反向可以ping通吗?
[root@abc:~]# docker exec -it tomcat02 ping tomcat03
ping: tomcat03: Name or service not known说明link是单向的

其实这个tomcat03就是本地配置了tomcat02的配置

本质探究:–link就是我们在hosts配置中增加了一个172.17.0.3 tomcat02 9f6a048802b9

我们现在 玩Docker已经不建议使用–link了!

自定义网络!不适用于docker0!

docker0问题:他不支持容器名连接访问!

8.2.1 查看docker所有网络 docker network ls

# 查看docker所有网络[root@abc:~]# docker network ls
NETWORK ID     NAME      DRIVER    SCOPE
e0f53dbb0281   bridge    bridge    local
db8b998a0ea4   host      host      local
ce321a8c285c   none      null      local

8.2.2 查看docker网络详细信息 docker network inspect docker网络ID

# 查看网络相信信息 docker network inspect docker网络的ID[root@abc:~]# docker network inspect e0f53dbb0281
[{"Name": "bridge","Id": "e0f53dbb028144eb8bfb4c3a5bdc45db130c70903a0dbe0139cb7345b9ee03c0","Created": "2022-05-30T08:29:24.709507436+08:00","Scope": "local","Driver": "bridge","EnableIPv6": false,"IPAM": {"Driver": "default","Options": null,"Config": [{"Subnet": "172.17.0.0/16","Gateway": "172.17.0.1"}]},"Internal": false,"Attachable": false,"Ingress": false,"ConfigFrom": {"Network": ""},"ConfigOnly": false,"Containers": {"079ed479f01801c0ab3d5221a7a65840cc8fc0265662757505e0e5eee85330aa": {"Name": "tomcat03","EndpointID": "e6dd165da1823476813a449a41633d02302d54e1fc3fd97d633548bd56afdf68","MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:04","IPv4Address": "172.17.0.4/16","IPv6Address": ""},"85f00f77b18217a334a1af9d5ba6da0ccf8b8db2883db6b512836f2dd60bf0d4": {"Name": "tomcat02","EndpointID": "3d7f0f87c69957f4536f7c03bf1ac62f7da2f9538eeb9b7e406188293d6087a5","MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:03","IPv4Address": "172.17.0.3/16","IPv6Address": ""},"8a6ef428c3eb780c0bcb20dbdff15e50a49cd385082fb3f599e95b883761bf38": {"Name": "tomcat01","EndpointID": "5c336855a1cbab7ccd15f86331387f2dae079bd2336539df350934ae5b95dbfb","MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02","IPv4Address": "172.17.0.2/16","IPv6Address": ""}},"Options": {"com.docker.network.bridge.default_bridge": "true","com.docker.network.bridge.enable_icc": "true","com.docker.network.bridge.enable_ip_masquerade": "true","com.docker.network.bridge.host_binding_ipv4": "0.0.0.0","com.docker.network.bridge.name": "docker0","com.docker.network.driver.mtu": "1500"},"Labels": {}}
]
 [root@abc:~]#  docker exec -it tomcat03 cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1	localhost
::1	localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
fe00::0	ip6-localnet
ff00::0	ip6-mcastprefix
ff02::1	ip6-allnodes
ff02::2	ip6-allrouters
172.17.0.3	tomcat02 85f00f77b182
172.17.0.4	079ed479f018

本质探究:–link 就是我们在hosts配置中增加了一个172.17.0.3 tomcat02 85f00f77b182

我们现在玩Docker已经不建议使用–link了!,因为太笨了。Docker0的问题:它不支持容器名链接访问!

以后要使用 自定义网络!不使用Docker0!

8.3 自定义网络

8.3.1 查看所有docker网络

 [root@abc:~]# docker network ls
NETWORK ID     NAME      DRIVER    SCOPE
e0f53dbb0281   bridge    bridge    local
db8b998a0ea4   host      host      local
ce321a8c285c   none      null      local

网络模式

bridge: 桥接模式,桥接 docker 默认,自己创建的也是用brdge模式

none: 不配置网络

host: 和宿主机共享网络

container:容器网络连通!(用的少, 局限很大)


# 首先清楚旧的网络,容器docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq)[root@abc:~]# ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lovalid_lft forever preferred_lft foreverinet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000link/ether 00:16:3e:08:30:f7 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ffinet 172.26.211.8/20 brd 172.26.223.255 scope global dynamic eth0valid_lft 314315169sec preferred_lft 314315169secinet6 fe80::216:3eff:fe08:30f7/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: docker0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default link/ether 02:42:88:a1:23:21 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ffinet 172.17.0.1/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global docker0valid_lft forever preferred_lft foreverinet6 fe80::42:88ff:fea1:2321/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

这时候网络是干净的。

# 我们直接启动的命令默认有一个 --net bridge,而这个就是我们的docker0
docker run -d -P --name tomcat01 tomcat
docker run -d -P --name tomcat01 --net bridge tomcat# docker0特点,默认,容器名不能访问, --link可以打通连接!
# 我们可以自定义一个网络!
# --driver bridge  # 默认是桥接# 子网掩码:
# --subnet 192.168.0.0/16 可以支持255*255个网络 192.168.0.2 ~ 192.168.255.254   # 网关(路由):
# --gateway 192.168.0.1[root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ ~]# docker network create --driver bridge --subnet 192.168.0.0/16 --gateway 192.168.0.1 mynet
26a5afdf4805d7ee0a660b82244929a4226470d99a179355558dca35a2b983ec
​ [root@iZ2zeg4ytp0whqtmxbsqiiZ ~]# docker network ls
NETWORK ID          NAME                DRIVER              SCOPE
30d601788862        bridge              bridge              local
226019b14d91        host                host                local
26a5afdf4805        mynet               bridge              local
7496c014f74b        none                null                local[root@abc:~]# docker network ls
NETWORK ID     NAME      DRIVER    SCOPE
e0f53dbb0281   bridge    bridge    local
db8b998a0ea4   host      host      local
b08530c7ee8a   mynet     bridge    local    # 这个就是上面创建的自定义网络
ce321a8c285c   none      null      localsubnet 192.168.0.0/16 可以支持255*255个网络 192.168.0.2 ~ 192.168.255.254   # 查看自己的网络[root@abc:~]# docker network inspect mynet
[{"Name": "mynet","Id": "b08530c7ee8a80f4795a9213a4270f5c852dd4e62816c40c3094ab94e88af2fe","Created": "2022-06-06T11:12:06.231663688+08:00","Scope": "local","Driver": "bridge","EnableIPv6": false,"IPAM": {"Driver": "default","Options": {},"Config": [{"Subnet": "192.168.0.0/16","Gateway": "192.168.0.1"}]},"Internal": false,"Attachable": false,"Ingress": false,"ConfigFrom": {"Network": ""},"ConfigOnly": false,"Containers": {},"Options": {},"Labels": {}}
]# 开始在自定义网络内启动容器[root@abc:~]# docker run -d -P --name tomcat-net-01 --net mynet tomcat:7
3be82f0ce707b91699a8e1077c15fa3a212886f0ad7b78819a53d6ba5e7a96b7
​ [root@abc:~]# docker run -d -P --name tomcat-net-02 --net mynet tomcat:7
0e378f037a6ded147dec691d750d4b8762cc10a534f3062e59ac140e3927fa7d# 查看自己的network网络情况[root@abc:~]# docker network inspect mynet
[{"Name": "mynet","Id": "b08530c7ee8a80f4795a9213a4270f5c852dd4e62816c40c3094ab94e88af2fe","Created": "2022-06-06T11:12:06.231663688+08:00","Scope": "local","Driver": "bridge","EnableIPv6": false,"IPAM": {"Driver": "default","Options": {},"Config": [{"Subnet": "192.168.0.0/16","Gateway": "192.168.0.1"}]},"Internal": false,"Attachable": false,"Ingress": false,"ConfigFrom": {"Network": ""},"ConfigOnly": false,"Containers": {"0e378f037a6ded147dec691d750d4b8762cc10a534f3062e59ac140e3927fa7d": {"Name": "tomcat-net-02","EndpointID": "0ba0c9bfa56f8901253c6e2329151ccf8ef036adf216e4b8ab3882bd71a8101c","MacAddress": "02:42:c0:a8:00:03","IPv4Address": "192.168.0.3/16","IPv6Address": ""},"3be82f0ce707b91699a8e1077c15fa3a212886f0ad7b78819a53d6ba5e7a96b7": {"Name": "tomcat-net-01","EndpointID": "4de3d3e11cedced52a6bc3a982f4710dd3212a40acd0ac3cd2bdbff0fc334952","MacAddress": "02:42:c0:a8:00:02","IPv4Address": "192.168.0.2/16","IPv6Address": ""}},"Options": {},"Labels": {}}
]------------------------------------------------------------------------------
​​​自定义网络是可以自动连接的,*不使用 --link也可以ping名字了!​​​ ​docker exec -it tomcat-net-01 ping tomcat-net-02
​docker exec -it tomcat-net-02 ping tomcat-net-01
这两个命令都是可以访问的。

我们自定义的网络docker都已经帮我们维护好了对应的关系,推荐我们平时这样使用网络

好处:

redis - 不同的集群使用不同的网络,保证集群时安全和健康的

mysql - 不同的集群使用不同的网络,保证集群时安全和健康的

8.4 网络联通

docker0 与 mynet是不同的网段,这两个是无法互相访问的,

 [root@abc:~]# docker run -d -P --name tomcat01 tomcat:7
39be579ed8f523c9b2adabbf5a41dc84e047d835ccc406a1f7be62523ac0d713
​ [root@abc:~]# docker run -d -P --name tomcat02 tomcat:7
4fcc99ed702bd7ca5d3601c5a3a64c414d54dbac0dade2532175d0f29f1b7745
​ [root@abc:~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE      COMMAND             CREATED          STATUS          PORTS                      
4fcc99ed702b   tomcat:7   "catalina.sh run"   28 seconds ago   Up 27 seconds   0.0.0.0:49165->8080/tcp, ::02
39be579ed8f5   tomcat:7   "catalina.sh run"   32 seconds ago   Up 31 seconds   0.0.0.0:49164->8080/tcp, ::01
0e378f037a6d   tomcat:7   "catalina.sh run"   11 minutes ago   Up 11 minutes   0.0.0.0:49162->8080/tcp, ::-net-02
3be82f0ce707   tomcat:7   "catalina.sh run"   11 minutes ago   Up 11 minutes   0.0.0.0:49161->8080/tcp, ::-net-01
​ [root@abc:~]# docker exec -it tomcat01 ping tomcat-net-01
ping: tomcat-net-01: Name or service not known

两个tomcat之间无法直接连接。为了实现docker01网络中的中的tomcat01可以连接mynet网络中的tomcat-net-01.需要使用网络连通

在这里插入图片描述

 [root@abc:~]# docker network connect --helpUsage:  docker network connect [OPTIONS] NETWORK CONTAINERConnect a container to a networkOptions:--alias strings           Add network-scoped alias for the container--driver-opt strings      driver options for the network--ip string               IPv4 address (e.g., 172.30.100.104)--ip6 string              IPv6 address (e.g., 2001:db8::33)--link list               Add link to another container--link-local-ip strings   Add a link-local address for the container
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
测试网络连接:   ​ [root@abc:~]# docker network connect mynet tomcat01   (网络 - 容器)[root@abc:~]# docker network inspect mynet
[{"Name": "mynet","Id": "b08530c7ee8a80f4795a9213a4270f5c852dd4e62816c40c3094ab94e88af2fe","Created": "2022-06-06T11:12:06.231663688+08:00","Scope": "local","Driver": "bridge","EnableIPv6": false,"IPAM": {"Driver": "default","Options": {},"Config": [{"Subnet": "192.168.0.0/16","Gateway": "192.168.0.1"}]},"Internal": false,"Attachable": false,"Ingress": false,"ConfigFrom": {"Network": ""},"ConfigOnly": false,"Containers": {"0e378f037a6ded147dec691d750d4b8762cc10a534f3062e59ac140e3927fa7d": {"Name": "tomcat-net-02","EndpointID": "0ba0c9bfa56f8901253c6e2329151ccf8ef036adf216e4b8ab3882bd71a8101c","MacAddress": "02:42:c0:a8:00:03","IPv4Address": "192.168.0.3/16","IPv6Address": ""},这个就是上面加入的容器"39be579ed8f523c9b2adabbf5a41dc84e047d835ccc406a1f7be62523ac0d713": {"Name": "tomcat01","EndpointID": "21b6673eacf202800746e120fc7cb26ec364006610f4223d548031a4d6c0e24b","MacAddress": "02:42:c0:a8:00:04","IPv4Address": "192.168.0.4/16","IPv6Address": ""},"3be82f0ce707b91699a8e1077c15fa3a212886f0ad7b78819a53d6ba5e7a96b7": {"Name": "tomcat-net-01","EndpointID": "4de3d3e11cedced52a6bc3a982f4710dd3212a40acd0ac3cd2bdbff0fc334952","MacAddress": "02:42:c0:a8:00:02","IPv4Address": "192.168.0.2/16","IPv6Address": ""}},"Options": {},"Labels": {}}
]# 再次测试时候可以ping[root@abc:~]# docker exec -it  tomcat01 ping tomcat-net-01
PING tomcat-net-01 (192.168.0.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from tomcat-net-01.mynet (192.168.0.2): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.084 ms
64 bytes from tomcat-net-01.mynet (192.168.0.2): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.084 ms
64 bytes from tomcat-net-01.mynet (192.168.0.2): icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.086 ms

就把容器tomcat01 加到了 mynet网络中了。

一个容器两个IP :阿里云服务:公网ip 私网ip


8.5 部署Redis集群

image-20210508221715222

上面是主力机,下面是备用机

如果上面挂了,下面的就要去替代上面的。

 [root@abc:~]# docker network create redis --subnet 172.38.0.0/16
3cc89fec59aa31cf59f6728eed12f863de06c52ae4939bba4831146c09d46aba
​ [root@abc:~]# docker network ls
NETWORK ID     NAME      DRIVER    SCOPE
e0f53dbb0281   bridge    bridge    local
db8b998a0ea4   host      host      local
b08530c7ee8a   mynet     bridge    local
ce321a8c285c   none      null      local
3cc89fec59aa   redis     bridge    local   这个就是新建的网络
​ [root@abc:~]# docker network inspect redis
[{"Name": "redis","Id": "3cc89fec59aa31cf59f6728eed12f863de06c52ae4939bba4831146c09d46aba","Created": "2022-06-06T11:48:06.449548045+08:00","Scope": "local","Driver": "bridge","EnableIPv6": false,"IPAM": {"Driver": "default","Options": {},"Config": [{"Subnet": "172.38.0.0/16"}]},"Internal": false,"Attachable": false,"Ingress": false,"ConfigFrom": {"Network": ""},"ConfigOnly": false,"Containers": {},"Options": {},"Labels": {}}
]
-------------------------------------------------------------------------通过脚本创建六个redis配置直接复制到命令行运行即可for port in $(seq 1 6); \
do \
mkdir -p /mydata/redis/node-${port}/conf
touch /mydata/redis/node-${port}/conf/redis.conf
cat << EOF >/mydata/redis/node-${port}/conf/redis.conf
port 6379
bind 0.0.0.0
cluster-enabled yes 
cluster-config-file nodes.conf
cluster-node-timeout 5000
cluster-announce-ip 172.38.0.1${port}
cluster-announce-port 6379
cluster-announce-bus-port 16379
appendonly yes
EOF
done
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
​ [root@abc:~]# cd /mydata
[root@abc:/mydata]# ll
total 4
drwxr-xr-x 8 root root 4096 Jun  6 11:51 redis
​ [root@abc:/mydata]# cd redis[root@abc:/mydata/redis]# ll
total 24
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Jun  6 11:51 node-1
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Jun  6 11:51 node-2
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Jun  6 11:51 node-3
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Jun  6 11:51 node-4
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Jun  6 11:51 node-5
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Jun  6 11:51 node-6
​ [root@abc:/mydata/redis]# cd node-1[root@abc:/mydata/redis/node-1]# ls
conf
​ [root@abc:/mydata/redis/node-1]# cd conf[root@abc:/mydata/redis/node-1/conf]# ls
redis.conf
​ [root@abc:/mydata/redis/node-1/conf]# cat redis.conf
port 6379
bind 0.0.0.0
cluster-enabled yes 
cluster-config-file nodes.conf
cluster-node-timeout 5000
cluster-announce-ip 172.38.0.11
cluster-announce-port 6379         这个是暴露的端口
cluster-announce-bus-port 16379
appendonly yes
[root@abc:/mydata/redis/node-1/conf]# 
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------上面就是创建的6个redis配置下面开始运行创建的6个节点docker run -p 6371:6379 -p 16371:16379 --name redis-1 \
-v /mydata/redis/node-1/data:/data \
-v /mydata/redis/node-1/conf/redis.conf:/etc/redis/redis.conf \
-d --net redis --ip 172.38.0.11 redis:5.0.9-alpine3.11 redis-server /etc/redis/redis.confdocker run -p 6372:6379 -p 16372:16379 --name redis-2 \
-v /mydata/redis/node-2/data:/data \
-v /mydata/redis/node-2/conf/redis.conf:/etc/redis/redis.conf \
-d --net redis --ip 172.38.0.12 redis:5.0.9-alpine3.11 redis-server /etc/redis/redis.confdocker run -p 6373:6379 -p 16373:16379 --name redis-3 \
-v /mydata/redis/node-3/data:/data \
-v /mydata/redis/node-3/conf/redis.conf:/etc/redis/redis.conf \
-d --net redis --ip 172.38.0.13 redis:5.0.9-alpine3.11 redis-server /etc/redis/redis.confdocker run -p 6374:6379 -p 16374:16379 --name redis-4 \
-v /mydata/redis/node-4/data:/data \
-v /mydata/redis/node-4/conf/redis.conf:/etc/redis/redis.conf \
-d --net redis --ip 172.38.0.14 redis:5.0.9-alpine3.11 redis-server /etc/redis/redis.confdocker run -p 6375:6379 -p 16375:16379 --name redis-5 \
-v /mydata/redis/node-5/data:/data \
-v /mydata/redis/node-5/conf/redis.conf:/etc/redis/redis.conf \
-d --net redis --ip 172.38.0.15 redis:5.0.9-alpine3.11 redis-server /etc/redis/redis.confdocker run -p 6376:6379 -p 16376:16379 --name redis-6 \
-v /mydata/redis/node-6/data:/data \
-v /mydata/redis/node-6/conf/redis.conf:/etc/redis/redis.conf \
-d --net redis --ip 172.38.0.16 redis:5.0.9-alpine3.11 redis-server /etc/redis/redis.conf# 创建集群
​ /data # redis-cli --cluster create 172.38.0.11:6379 172.38.0.12:6379 172.38.0.13:6379 172.38.0.14:6379 172.38.0.15:6379 172.38.0.16:6379 --cluster-replicas 1打印的命令行
>>> Performing hash slots allocation on 6 nodes...
Master[0] -> Slots 0 - 5460
Master[1] -> Slots 5461 - 10922
Master[2] -> Slots 10923 - 16383
Adding replica 172.38.0.15:6379 to 172.38.0.11:6379
Adding replica 172.38.0.16:6379 to 172.38.0.12:6379
Adding replica 172.38.0.14:6379 to 172.38.0.13:6379
M: ebfbbc88a83fa84c3d73fe048fc37ab82841fa0e 172.38.0.11:6379slots:[0-5460] (5461 slots) master
M: ed7bac9d22ce436c650f9a51c3ae7a3aa84a7537 172.38.0.12:6379slots:[5461-10922] (5462 slots) master
M: 2f1fdb553165c31c599f5cdbac5a42fa15901602 172.38.0.13:6379slots:[10923-16383] (5461 slots) master
S: d2edadd37c2b243ffa3a13ac7bb352062160f4b8 172.38.0.14:6379replicates 2f1fdb553165c31c599f5cdbac5a42fa15901602
S: 98bec4772bd3cdc7335111f75bc3f6b6ad2fae26 172.38.0.15:6379replicates ebfbbc88a83fa84c3d73fe048fc37ab82841fa0e
S: 6e8dda893836d8182af1a7cbe0ff71b32d0743ef 172.38.0.16:6379replicates ed7bac9d22ce436c650f9a51c3ae7a3aa84a7537
Can I set the above configuration? (type 'yes' to accept): yes
>>> Nodes configuration updated
>>> Assign a different config epoch to each node
>>> Sending CLUSTER MEET messages to join the cluster
Waiting for the cluster to join
....
>>> Performing Cluster Check (using node 172.38.0.11:6379)
M: ebfbbc88a83fa84c3d73fe048fc37ab82841fa0e 172.38.0.11:6379slots:[0-5460] (5461 slots) master1 additional replica(s)
S: 98bec4772bd3cdc7335111f75bc3f6b6ad2fae26 172.38.0.15:6379slots: (0 slots) slavereplicates ebfbbc88a83fa84c3d73fe048fc37ab82841fa0e
S: d2edadd37c2b243ffa3a13ac7bb352062160f4b8 172.38.0.14:6379slots: (0 slots) slavereplicates 2f1fdb553165c31c599f5cdbac5a42fa15901602
S: 6e8dda893836d8182af1a7cbe0ff71b32d0743ef 172.38.0.16:6379slots: (0 slots) slavereplicates ed7bac9d22ce436c650f9a51c3ae7a3aa84a7537
M: 2f1fdb553165c31c599f5cdbac5a42fa15901602 172.38.0.13:6379slots:[10923-16383] (5461 slots) master1 additional replica(s)
M: ed7bac9d22ce436c650f9a51c3ae7a3aa84a7537 172.38.0.12:6379slots:[5461-10922] (5462 slots) master1 additional replica(s)
[OK] All nodes agree about slots configuration.
>>> Check for open slots...
>>> Check slots coverage...
[OK] All 16384 slots covered.然后redis就部署完成了。

测试搭建的redis

 /data # redis-cli -c
127.0.0.1:6379> cluster info
cluster_state:ok
cluster_slots_assigned:16384
cluster_slots_ok:16384
cluster_slots_pfail:0
cluster_slots_fail:0
cluster_known_nodes:6
cluster_size:3            ​集群节点数量3
cluster_current_epoch:6
cluster_my_epoch:1
cluster_stats_messages_ping_sent:360
cluster_stats_messages_pong_sent:359
cluster_stats_messages_sent:719
cluster_stats_messages_ping_received:354
cluster_stats_messages_pong_received:360
cluster_stats_messages_meet_received:5
cluster_stats_messages_received:719
​ 127.0.0.1:6379> cluster nodes
e3b0f799f788ea426dcf1c19e34c745fb66cae69 172.38.0.16:6379@16379 slave cabf766d1ce0954661eff7e7c02f2f3a7978f2b5 0 1654488329895 6 connected
cabf766d1ce0954661eff7e7c02f2f3a7978f2b5 172.38.0.12:6379@16379 master - 0 1654488329595 2 connected 5461-10922
82e39cc9fe0402dd2b221a7730a2ca5a56a65e5e 172.38.0.11:6379@16379 myself,master - 0 1654488328000 1 connected 0-5460
ea39590e677f3ead82b33573dc1704ba29312d01 172.38.0.13:6379@16379 master - 0 1654488329595 3 connected 10923-16383
b30f555ac1dbaed6102d574d3ca3bc6bc00c46a3 172.38.0.14:6379@16379 slave ea39590e677f3ead82b33573dc1704ba29312d01 0 1654488329000 4 connected
c6659b50a87703ff83950e78363fdaac4f5ad761 172.38.0.15:6379@16379 slave 82e39cc9fe0402dd2b221a7730a2ca5a56a65e5e 0 1654488328893 5 connected
127.0.0.1:6379> 

没学习完,需要redis基础;

10:28

8.6 SpringBoot微服务打包Docker镜像

  1. 构建项目,打包应用

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  1. 编写Dockerfile
# 基础镜像来自java8
FROM java:8
# 拷贝当前路径下所有jar包,到项目的,重命名app.jar
COPY *.jar /app.jar
# 启动名命令
CMD ["--server.port=8080"]
# 暴露端口
EXPOSE 8080
# 执行命令
ENTRYPOINT ["java", "-jar", "/app.jar"]
  1. 复制文件到linux服务器,并 构建镜像

[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-FeGxs5jf-1654497083815)(https://raw.githubusercontent.com/yxmiaoyu/yx/main/pingo/202206061429091.png)]

 [root@abc:/home]# cd idea[root@abc:/home/idea]# ll
total 0[root@abc:/home/idea]# docker build -t boot-220606 .
Sending build context to Docker daemon  17.89MB
Step 1/5 : FROM java:8
8: Pulling from library/java
5040bd298390: Pull complete 
fce5728aad85: Pull complete 
76610ec20bf5: Pull complete 
60170fec2151: Pull complete 
e98f73de8f0d: Pull complete 
11f7af24ed9c: Pull complete 
49e2d6393f32: Pull complete 
bb9cdec9c7f3: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:c1ff613e8ba25833d2e1940da0940c3824f03f802c449f3d1815a66b7f8c0e9d
Status: Downloaded newer image for java:8---> d23bdf5b1b1b
Step 2/5 : COPY *.jar /app.jar---> 58501b52a4d8
Step 3/5 : CMD ["--server.port=8080"]---> Running in 897617ae1528
Removing intermediate container 897617ae1528---> b4645def0a6a
Step 4/5 : EXPOSE 8080---> Running in 67d9573d6cf7
Removing intermediate container 67d9573d6cf7---> b8c8c72df946
Step 5/5 : ENTRYPOINT ["java", "-jar", "/app.jar"]---> Running in e31b0f00eb7e
Removing intermediate container e31b0f00eb7e---> 56ad3a39695f
Successfully built 56ad3a39695f
Successfully tagged boot-220606:latest--------------------------------------------------------------
​ [root@abc:/home/idea]# docker images
REPOSITORY    TAG                IMAGE ID       CREATED              SIZE
boot-220606   latest             56ad3a39695f   About a minute ago   661MB
tomcat        latest             fb5657adc892   5 months ago         680MB
tomcat        7                  9dfd74e6bc2f   11 months ago        533MB
redis         5.0.9-alpine3.11   3661c84ee9d0   2 years ago          29.8MB
java          8                  d23bdf5b1b1b   5 years ago          643MB
​ [root@abc:/home/idea]# docker run -d -P --name boot220606 boot-220606
c5eee30cfdc95ebbc29c4aa5d6d426c02d92561778e6c065942d95c6db975cb8
[root@abc:/home/idea]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE         COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS                                         NAMES
c5eee30cfdc9   boot-220606   "java -jar /app.jar …"   26 seconds ago   Up 25 seconds   0.0.0.0:49167->8080/tcp, :::49167->8080/tcp   boot220606
​ [root@abc:/home/idea]# curl localhost:49167
{"timestamp":"2022-06-06T06:04:57.404+00:00","status":404,"error":"Not Found","path":"/"}[root@abc:/home/idea]# curl localhost:49167/test1
helloMon Jun 06 06:05:08 UTC 2022[root@abc:/home/idea]# curl localhost:49167/test2
定时任务已触发[root@abc:/home/idea]# 

以后我们使用了Docker之后,给别人交互的就是一个镜像即可!


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