好的，下面是一个简单的用 C 语言实现 C# 中的泛型 Dictionary 的示例代码，代码中有详细的注释，帮助你理解代码的实现细节。

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>// 定义一个泛型键值对的结构体
typedef struct KeyValuePair {void *key;   // 用 void * 存储键void *value; // 用 void * 存储值
} KeyValuePair;// 定义一个泛型字典的结构体
typedef struct Dictionary {KeyValuePair *items; // 用键值对结构体存储字典的元素size_t size; // 存储键的大小size_t count; // 存储元素的数量size_t capacity; // 存储字典的容量
} Dictionary;// 定义一个哈希函数，用于计算键的哈希值
unsigned int Dictionary_HashFunction(Dictionary *dictionary, void *key) {// 将键的字节数据转换为 unsigned int 类型unsigned int hash = 0;unsigned char *p = (unsigned char *)key;for (size_t i = 0; i < dictionary->size; i++) {hash = 31 * hash + *p;p++;}return hash;
}// 初始化一个泛型字典
Dictionary *Dictionary_Init(size_t size) {Dictionary *dictionary = malloc(sizeof(Dictionary)); // 为字典结构体分配内存dictionary->items = malloc(sizeof(KeyValuePair) * 4); // 为字典元素分配内存dictionary->size = size; // 存储键的大小dictionary->count = 0; // 初始化元素数量为 0dictionary->capacity = 4; // 初始化字典容量为 4return dictionary; // 返回字典结构体的指针
}// 向泛型字典中添加一个键值对
void Dictionary_Add(Dictionary *dictionary, void *key, void *value) {// 如果字典的元素数量等于字典的容量，需要扩容if (dictionary->count == dictionary->capacity) {dictionary->capacity *= 2; // 容量扩大为原来的 2 倍dictionary->items = realloc(dictionary->items, sizeof(KeyValuePair) * dictionary->capacity); // 重新分配内存}// 计算键的哈希值unsigned int hash = Dictionary_HashFunction(dictionary, key);// 如果哈希值对应的元素已经存在，需要替换值for (size_t i = 0; i < dictionary->count; i++) {if (dictionary->items[i].key != NULL && memcmp(dictionary->items[i].key, key, dictionary->size) == 0) {dictionary->items[i].value = value; // 替换值return;}}// 如果哈希值对应的元素不存在，需要添加键值对dictionary->items[dictionary->count].key = malloc(dictionary->size); // 为键分配内存memcpy(dictionary->items[dictionary->count].key, key, dictionary->size); // 复制键的数据dictionary->items[dictionary->count].value = value; // 存储值dictionary->count++; // 元素数量加 1
}// 从泛型字典中获取一个值
void *Dictionary_Get(Dictionary *dictionary, void *key) {// 计算键的哈希值unsigned int hash = Dictionary_HashFunction(dictionary, key);// 查找哈希值对应的元素for (size_t i = 0; i < dictionary->count; i++) {if (dictionary->items[i].key != NULL && memcmp(dictionary->items[i].key, key, dictionary->size) == 0) {return dictionary->items[i].value; // 返回值}}// 如果哈希值对应的元素不存在，返回 NULLreturn NULL;
}// 从泛型字典中移除一个键值对
void Dictionary_Remove(Dictionary *dictionary, void *key) {// 计算键的哈希值unsigned int hash = Dictionary_HashFunction(dictionary, key);// 查找哈希值对应的元素for (size_t i = 0; i < dictionary->count; i++) {if (dictionary->items[i].key != NULL && memcmp(dictionary->items[i].key, key, dictionary->size) == 0) {// 释放键的内存free(dictionary->items[i].key);// 将字典中的元素向前移动for (size_t j = i; j < dictionary->count - 1; j++) {dictionary->items[j] = dictionary->items[j + 1];}dictionary->count--; // 元素数量减 1return;}}
}// 销毁一个泛型字典
void Dictionary_Destroy(Dictionary *dictionary) {// 释放字典中的键的内存for (size_t i = 0; i < dictionary->count; i++) {free(dictionary->items[i].key);}// 释放字典元素的内存free(dictionary->items);// 释放字典结构体的内存free(dictionary);
}int main() {// 初始化一个存储 int 类型的键和 char * 类型的值的泛型字典Dictionary *dictionary = Dictionary_Init(sizeof(int));// 向字典中添加键值对int a = 1, b = 2, c = 3;char *x = "hello", *y = "world", *z = "dictionary";Dictionary_Add(dictionary, &a, x);Dictionary_Add(dictionary, &b, y);Dictionary_Add(dictionary, &c, z);// 从字典中获取值char *p = Dictionary_Get(dictionary, &b);printf("%s\n", p); // 输出 world// 从字典中移除键值对Dictionary_Remove(dictionary, &b);// 销毁字典Dictionary_Destroy(dictionary);return 0;
}

希望这个示例代码能帮助你理解如何用 C 语言实现一个泛型字典。