4.5单词

生词

irreversible=permanent	adj.无法挽回的，永久的
manipulate=skillfully used=handle	v.操控
monumental=enormous=great and significant	adj.极大的
🧸retard=slow	v.放缓🧸
subsistence=survival	n.生存
with no warning= without any indication beforehand	毫无预警的
deficiency=shortage	n.缺乏，不足
devoid of = lack of/lacking	缺乏的
hostile=unfavorable	adj.敌对的
novel=new	adj.新的

subject to=experience=expose to	遭受
activate=switch on	v.启动
retrieve=recover	v.找回
indefinitely=without limit	adv.无限期地
indefinitely period= a period whose end has not been determined	无限期
invertebrate=spineless	adj.无脊椎的
renovate=invent	v.革新
residue=remains	n.残留物
sedimentation=deposit	n.沉积
concentration=dense grouping	n.浓缩（物）

delicately=finely	adv.巧妙地
delicate=fragile	adj.脆弱的
🧸diverge=separate	v.分离🧸
🧸discrete=separate	adj.分离的🧸
minute=tiny=small	adj.非常小的
🧸traumatic=upsetting=highly stressful	adj.痛苦的🧸
🧸plague=cause trouble for	v.折磨🧸

熟词

exposed=unprotected=visible	adj.暴露的
pursue=practice=engage in	v.从事
distribute=spread	v.散发
contradict=conflict	v.与...有矛盾
unpromising=unfavorable	adj.不利的
perpetual=constant	adj.永恒的
🧸dense=thick=crowded	adj.密集的🧸
current=present	adj.目前的
currently=at the present time	adv.目前的
experimental=trial	adj.实验的

find=locate	v.发现
consume=use up=destroy	v.消耗
continued=ongoing	adj.持续的
contribute to=add to	有助于
indispensable=essential	adj.必不可少的
ingest=eat	v.摄入
ingestion=swallow	n.摄入
rapid=fast	adj.快的
ambiguity= statements that can be interpreted in more than one way	n.模棱两可的话
detach=separate	v.分离

portray=represent	v.描绘
susceptible to=likely to be affected by	易受影响的
perspective=viewpoint=point of view	n.观点
reflect=show=indicate	v.体现
traditional=conventional	adj.传统的
traditionally=originally	adv.传统上
commodity=product	n.商品
🧸native=indigenous / ɪnˈdɪdʒənəs /	adj.本土的🧸
🧸namely=that is to say	adv.也就是🧸

真题

Famine plagued populations across Europe for thousands of years, including the major food shortage which happened in the 14th century.

famine [ˈfæmɪn] 饥荒

pagued=caused trouble for折磨

Agricultural cultures are more skilled than hunting ones, and have, as a result, denser populations; while the more skilled agricultural cultures have a denser population than the less skilled agricultural races.

denser=more crowded密集的

农业文化比狩猎文化更有技术含量，因此人口更密集;而技术含量较高的农业文化比技术含量较低的农业种族拥有更密集的人口。

During colonization, indigenous species of animals and plants were gradually killed off by more aggressive European cuisine.

idigenous=native 本土的

cuisine / kwɪˈziːn / n.烹饪，风味；饭菜，菜肴

In certain areas, namely underdeveloped rural countries, there is a lack of specialized medical personnel.

namely=that is to say adv.也就是说

To properly retard the proliferation of microbes, it is important to maintain a constant room temperature and humidity.

retard=slow 放缓

microbe 细菌；微生物

The search and rescue teams did not halt their efforts until everybody had been retrieved from the tornado site.

halt [hɔːlt]

n.暂停，停止，终止，阻止; 暂停前进，停住; 小火车站（只有站台）; （口令）站住！立定！; <古>跛，瘸;

v.停止行进，停止，终止; 使停止前进，使停止，使终止; 蹒跚; <古>跛行; 踌躇，犹豫; （诗的格律等）有缺陷; （论点等）不合逻辑;

adj.<古>跛的，瘸的;

retrieve=recover 找回

tornado n.龙卷风，大旋风；极具破坏力的人（或物），情感火爆的人

Abandoning their houses and a familiar environment, to embark on a long and dangerous journey to a foreign country was probably traumatic.

traumatic=upsetting=highly stressful 痛苦的

embark on 从事，着手；登上船

Working under a microscope, the biologist injected discrete batches of unicellular organisms each with a unique slurry of genetic material.

discrete=separate adj.分离的

inject [ɪnˈdʒekt]vt. (给…)注射(药物等); (给…)添加，增加(某品质); （给…）投入（资金）;

unicellular [ˌjuːnɪˈseljələ] adj.单细胞的

slurry[ˈslɜːri]n. (由水和动物粪便、土、煤末或水泥混合而成的)泥浆，稀泥;

在显微镜下工作时，生物学家向不连续的单细胞生物体批次注射了独特的遗传物质浆料。

Homo Sapiens diverged from a complex branch of human and apelike species several hundred thousand years ago in the African continent.

diverge=separate v.分离

apelike 像猿猴的；卑屈地仿效的

（2023年 4月10日 15:07完善发布）