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一，写在前面：

✔✔在学完javase基础部分，许多知识带你还需我们巩固强化。下面我们一起来做一个小项目对先前知识进行一个梳理复习吧！该项目主要涉及：
（1）类的继承性和多态性
（2）对象的值传递、接口
（3）static和final修饰符
（4）特殊类的使用：包装类、抽象类、内部类
（5）异常处理
等知识点！🦇🦇🦇

二、需求说明

1.目标功能：

该软件实现以下功能：
🧭软件启动时，根据给定的数据创建公司部分成员列表（数组）
🔥根据菜单提示，基于现有的公司成员，组建一个开发团队以开发一个新的项目
🌞组建过程包括将成员插入到团队中，或从团队中删除某成员，还可以列出团队中现有成员的列表
🤑开发团队成员包括架构师、设计师和程序员

2.界面要求

对于初始化成员信息，需要根据Date类中的方法进行初始化顺序表

3.添加成员的类别限制

开发团队人员组成要求：
最多一名架构师
最多两名设计师
最多三名程序员

4.添加失败的原因

失败信息包含以下几种：
💖成员已满，无法添加
🌀该成员不是开发人员，无法添加
🚩该员工已在本开发团队中
👀该员工已是某团队成员
🏀该员正在休假，无法添加
🌟团队中至多只能有一名架构师
☀团队中至多只能有两名设计师
🌟团队中至多只能有三名程序员

三.框架搭建与结构分析

1Demain包

🌎关于设备相关类的设计

（1）关系图解：

从上面图中的表格不难看出，除了普通员工以外都有设备，而表格后面都显示设备信息，所以每一个设备类都应该有一个功能就是返回自身信息，所以我们将它设计成接口

（2）Equipment接口设计

package com.atbite.team.Domain;
public interface Equipment {public abstract String getDescription();
}

（3）Printer类

package com.atbite.team.Domain;public class Printer implements Equipment {private String name;//型号private String type; //显示器名称public String getName() {return name;}public void setName(String name) {this.name = name;}public String getType() {return type;}public void setType(String type) {this.type = type;}public Printer(String name, String type) {this.name = name;this.type = type;}@Overridepublic String getDescription() {return name+"("+type+")";}
}

（4）Pc类

package com.atbite.team.Domain;public class Pc implements Equipment{private String model;//型号private String display; //显示器名称public Pc(){ };public Pc(String model,String display){this.model=model;this.display=display;}public String getModel() {return model;}public void setModel(String model) {this.model = model;}public String getDisplay() {return display;}public void setDisplay(String display) {this.display = display;}public String getDescription(){return model+"("+display+")";}
}

（5）NoteBook类

package com.atbite.team.Domain;public class Notebook implements Equipment{private String model;//型号double price; //显示器名称public Notebook(String model,double price) {this.model = model;this.price = price;}public String getModel() {return model;}public void setModel(String model) {this.model = model;}public double getPrice() {return price;}public void setPrice(double price) {this.price = price;}@Overridepublic String getDescription() {return model+"("+price+")";}
}

🌎关于员工相关类的设计

（1）关系图解

员工之间是一种继承关系：子类具有父类所有属性，同时又拥有独特是属性

（2）Employee（父类）

package com.atbite.team.Domain;public class Employee {private int id;private String name;private int age;private double salary;public Employee(){ }public Employee(int id, String name, int age, double salary) {this.id = id;this.name = name;this.age = age;this.salary = salary;}public int getId() {return id;}public void setId(int id) {this.id = id;}public String getName() {return name;}public void setName(String name) {this.name = name;}public int getAge() {return age;}public void setAge(int age) {this.age = age;}public double getSalary() {return salary;}public void setSalary(double salary) {this.salary = salary;}public String getDetails(){return id+"\t"+name+"\t\t"+age+"\t"+salary;}@Overridepublic String toString() {return id+"\t"+name+"\t\t"+age+"\t"+salary;}
}

（3）Programmer类

package com.atbite.team.Domain;import com.atbite.team.service.Status;public class Programmer extends Employee {private int memberId;//团队编号private Status status=Status.Free;private Equipment equipment;private Programmer(){}public Programmer(int id, String name, int age, double salary, Equipment equipment) {super(id, name, age, salary);this.equipment = equipment;}public int getMemberId() {return memberId;}public void setMemberId(int memberId) {this.memberId = memberId;}public Status getStatus() {return status;}public void setStatus(Status status) {this.status = status;}public Equipment getEquipment() {return equipment;}public void setEquipment(Equipment equipment) {this.equipment = equipment;}@Overridepublic String toString() {return super.toString()+"\t程序员\t"+status+"\t\t\t"+equipment.getDescription();}public  String getDetailsForm(){return memberId+"/"+"\t"+getName()+"\t"+getAge()+"\t"+getSalary()+"\t"+"程序员";}
}

（4）Designer类

package com.atbite.team.Domain;public class Designer extends Programmer {private double bonus;public Designer(int id, String name, int age, double salary, Equipment equipment, double bonus) {super(id, name, age, salary, equipment);this.bonus = bonus;}public double getBonus() {return bonus;}public void setBonus(double bonus) {this.bonus = bonus;}@Overridepublic String toString() {return getDetails() + "\t设计师\t" + getStatus() + "\t" + bonus + "\t\t" + getEquipment().getDescription();}public String getDetailsForm(){return getMemberId() + "/" + "\t" + getName() + "\t" + getAge() + "\t" + getSalary() + "\t" + "\t设计师\t"+bonus;}}

（5）Architect类

package com.atbite.team.Domain;import java.util.Arrays;public class Architect extends Designer{private int stock;public Architect(int id, String name, int age, double salary, Equipment equipment, double bonus, int stock) {super(id, name, age, salary, equipment, bonus);this.stock = stock;}public int getStock() {return stock;}public void setStock(int stock) {this.stock = stock;}@Overridepublic String toString() {return getDetails()+"\t架构师\t"+getStatus()+"\t"+getBonus()+"\t"+stock+"\t"+getEquipment().getDescription();}public String getDetailsForm(){return getMemberId() + "/" + "\t" + getName() + "\t" + getAge() + "\t" + getSalary() + "\t" + "\t架构师\t"+getBonus()+"\t"+getStock();}
}

2.Service包

（1）Date类存放公司员工数据数据

package com.atbite.team.service;public class Date {public static final int EMPLOYEE = 10;public static final int PROGRAMMER = 11;public static final int DESIGNER = 12;public static final int ARCHITECT = 13;public static final int PC = 21;public static final int NOTEBOOK = 22;public static final int PRINTER = 23;//Employee  :  10, id, name, age, salary//Programmer:  11, id, name, age, salary//Designer  :  12, id, name, age, salary, bonus//Architect :  13, id, name, age, salary, bonus, stock/*** {"10", "1", "马云", "22", "3000"},* {"13", "2", "马化腾", "32", "18000", "15000", "2000"},*/public static final String[][] EMPLOYEES = {{"10", "1", "马云", "22", "3000"},{"13", "2", "马化腾", "32", "18000", "15000", "2000"},{"11", "3", "李彦宏", "23", "7000"},{"11", "4", "刘强东", "24", "7300"},{"12", "5", "雷军", "28", "10000", "5000"},{"11", "6", "任志强", "22", "6800"},{"12", "7", "柳传志", "29", "10800", "5200"},{"13", "8", "杨元庆", "30", "19800", "15000", "2500"},{"12", "9", "史玉柱", "26", "9800", "5500"},{"11", "10", "丁磊", "21", "6600"},{"11", "11", "张朝阳", "25", "7100"},{"12", "12", "杨致远", "27", "9600", "4800"}};//如下的EQUIPMENTS数组与上面的EMPLOYEES数组元素一一对应//PC      :21, model, display//NoteBook:22, model, price//Printer :23, name, typepublic static final String[][] EQUIPMENTS = {{},{"22", "联想T4", "6000"},{"21", "戴尔", "NEC17寸"},{"21", "戴尔", "三星 17寸"},{"23", "佳能 2900", "激光"},{"21", "华硕", "三星 17寸"},{"21", "华硕", "三星 17寸"},{"23", "爱普生20K", "针式"},{"22", "惠普m6", "5800"},{"21", "戴尔", "NEC 17寸"},{"21", "华硕", "三星 17寸"},{"22", "惠普m6", "5800"}};}

（2）NameListService（初始化员工信息）

package com.atbite.team.service;import com.atbite.team.Domain.*;import static com.atbite.team.service.Date.*;public class NameListService {private Employee [] employees;public NameListService(){employees=new Employee[EMPLOYEES.length];//获取四个基本类型for (int i = 0; i <employees.length ; i++) {/*** 获取四种基本（公共）类型*/int type=Integer.parseInt(EMPLOYEES[i][0]);int id=Integer.parseInt(EMPLOYEES[i][1]);String name=EMPLOYEES[i][2];int age=Integer.parseInt(EMPLOYEES[i][3]);double salary =Double.parseDouble(EMPLOYEES[i][4]);Equipment equipment;double bonus;int stock;switch (type){case EMPLOYEE:employees[i]=new Employee(id,name,age,salary);break;case PROGRAMMER:equipment=creatEquation(i);employees[i]=new Programmer(id,name,age,salary,equipment);break;case DESIGNER:equipment=creatEquation(i);bonus=Double.parseDouble(EMPLOYEES[i][5]);employees[i]=new Designer(id,name,age,salary,equipment,bonus);break;case ARCHITECT:equipment=creatEquation(i);bonus=Double.parseDouble(EMPLOYEES[i][5]);stock=Integer.parseInt(EMPLOYEES[i][6]);employees[i]=new Architect(id,name,age,salary,equipment,bonus,stock);break;}}}private Equipment creatEquation(int index){int type=Integer.parseInt(EQUIPMENTS[index][0]);switch (type){case PC:return new Pc(EQUIPMENTS[index][1],EQUIPMENTS[index][2]);case NOTEBOOK:double price=Double.parseDouble(EQUIPMENTS[index][2]);return new Notebook(EQUIPMENTS[index][1],price);case PRINTER:return new Printer(EQUIPMENTS[index][1],EQUIPMENTS[index][2]);}return null;}public Employee[] getAllEmployees(){return employees;}public Employee getEmployee(int id)throws TeamException{for (int i = 0; i <employees.length ; i++) {if(employees[i].getId()==id){return employees[i];}}throw  new TeamException("没有指定的员工");}}

（3）Status类（员工状态）

package com.atbite.team.service;public class Status {private final String NAME;public String getNAME() {return NAME;}private Status(String name) {this.NAME = name;}public static final Status Free=new Status("FREE");public static final Status BUSY=new Status("BUSY");public static final Status VOCATION=new Status("VOCATION");@Overridepublic String toString() {return NAME;}
}

（4）TeamService（团队列表）

package com.atbite.team.service;import com.atbite.team.Domain.Architect;
import com.atbite.team.Domain.Designer;
import com.atbite.team.Domain.Employee;
import com.atbite.team.Domain.Programmer;import java.util.Arrays;public class TeamService {/*** counter为静态变量，用来为开发团队新增成员自动生成团队中的唯一ID，即memberId。（提示：应使用增1的方式）* MAX_MEMBER：表示开发团队最大成员数* team数组：用来保存当前团队中的各成员对象* total：记录团队成员的实际人数*/private  static int counter=1;private final static int MAX_MEMBER=5;Programmer [] team=new Programmer[MAX_MEMBER];//存放团队成员private  int total;//团队实际人数public Programmer[] getTeam(){Programmer[] team=new Programmer[this.total];for (int i = 0; i < total; i++) {team[i] = this.team[i];}return team;}public void addMember(Employee e)throws TeamException{if(this.total==MAX_MEMBER){throw new TeamException("团队已经满了");}if(!(e instanceof Programmer)){throw new TeamException("该员工不是程序员");}if(check(e)){throw new TeamException("该员工已经在团队中了");}Programmer pro=(Programmer)e;if("BUSY".equalsIgnoreCase(pro.getStatus().getNAME())){throw new TeamException("该员工已经在其他团队中");}else if ("VOCATION".equalsIgnoreCase(pro.getStatus().getNAME())){throw new TeamException("该员工正在度假");}/*** 最多有一名架构师* 最多有两名设计师* 最多有3名程序员* unreachable　statement标记为运行时错误，一个unreachable　statement就是编译器决定永远不会执行它。* 下面的几种情况会出现 unreachable statement：* （1）在reutrn语句后写语句。* （2）在throw语句后写语句。* （3）break、continue语句之后定义语句。* （4）“\u10100”//合法，相当于‘\u1010’和字符串“0”。* （5）移位运算符可以用于long int char short byte。* （6）类的访问控制符可以是public或什么都不加。* （7）goto是保留字但不是关键字。then什么都不是。* （8）把超类的类型强制转换后赋给子类的对象时，编译无异常，但运行时会出现异常。*/int numOfDes = 0;int numOfPrg = 0;int numOfArch=0;for (int i = 0; i < total; i++) {if (team[i] instanceof Architect) numOfArch++;else if (team[i] instanceof Designer) numOfDes++;else  numOfPrg++;}if (pro instanceof Architect) {if (numOfArch >= 1) throw new TeamException("团队中至多只能有一名架构师");} else if (pro instanceof Designer) {if (numOfDes >= 2) throw new TeamException("团队中至多只能有两名设计师");} else  {if (numOfPrg >= 3) throw new TeamException("团队中至多只能有三名程序员");}team[total++]=pro;pro.setMemberId(counter++);pro.setStatus(Status.BUSY);}private boolean check(Employee e){for(int i=0;i<total;i++){if(team[i].getId()==e.getId()){return true;}}return false;}public void removeMember(int member)throws TeamException{int i=0;//包括member是负数的情况//负数也会一直++到totalfor(;i<total;i++){if(team[i].getMemberId()==member){team[i].setStatus(Status.Free);break;}}if(i==total){throw new TeamException("没有这个员工");}for (int j = i+1; j <total ; j++) {team[j-1]=team[j];}team[--total]=null;}}

（5）TeamException（自定义团队操作异常）

package com.atbite.team.service;public class TeamException extends Exception {static final long serialVersionUID = -3387516993124229948L;public TeamException(){super();}public TeamException(String s){super(s);}
}

3.View包(主界面设置)

（1）TSUtility（工具类）

package com.atbite.team.view;import java.util.Scanner;public class TSUtility {private static Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);/**** @Description 该方法读取键盘，如果用户键入’1’-’4’中的任意字符，则方法返回。返回值为用户键入字符。* @author shkstart* @date 2019年2月12日上午12:03:30* @return*/public static char readMenuSelection() {char c;for (; ; ) {String str = readKeyBoard(1, false);c = str.charAt(0);if (c != '1' && c != '2' &&c != '3' && c != '4') {System.out.print("选择错误，请重新输入：");} else break;}return c;}/**** @Description 该方法提示并等待，直到用户按回车键后返回。* @author shkstart* @date 2019年2月12日上午12:03:50*/public static void readReturn() {System.out.print("按回车键继续...");readKeyBoard(100, true);}/**** @Description 该方法从键盘读取一个长度不超过2位的整数，并将其作为方法的返回值。* @author shkstart* @date 2019年2月12日上午12:04:04* @return*/public static int readInt() {int n;for (; ; ) {String str = readKeyBoard(2, false);try {n = Integer.parseInt(str);break;} catch (NumberFormatException e) {System.out.print("数字输入错误，请重新输入：");}}return n;}/**** @Description 从键盘读取‘Y’或’N’，并将其作为方法的返回值。* @author shkstart* @date 2019年2月12日上午12:04:45* @return*/public static char readConfirmSelection() {char c;for (; ; ) {String str = readKeyBoard(1, false).toUpperCase();c = str.charAt(0);if (c == 'Y' || c == 'N') {break;} else {System.out.print("选择错误，请重新输入：");}}return c;}private static String readKeyBoard(int limit, boolean blankReturn) {String line = "";while (scanner.hasNextLine()) {line = scanner.nextLine();if (line.length() == 0) {if (blankReturn) return line;else continue;}if (line.length() < 1 || line.length() > limit) {System.out.print("输入长度（不大于" + limit + "）错误，请重新输入：");continue;}break;}return line;}
}

（2）TeamView（主函数设计）

package com.atbite.team.view;import com.atbite.team.Domain.Employee;
import com.atbite.team.Domain.Programmer;
import com.atbite.team.service.NameListService;
import com.atbite.team.service.TeamException;
import com.atbite.team.service.TeamService;import java.util.List;public class TeamView {private  NameListService listSvc= new NameListService();private TeamService nameSvc= new TeamService();public void   enterMainMenu(){boolean loopBool=true;char c='0';while (loopBool){//细节if(c!='1'){listAllEmployees();}System.out.println("1-团队列表  2-添加团队成员  3-删除团队成员  4-退出   请选择(1-4)：");c=TSUtility.readMenuSelection();switch (c){case '1':getTeam();break;case '2':addMember();break;case '3':deleteMember();break;case '4':System.out.println("你确认退出吗！（Y/N）");char a=TSUtility.readConfirmSelection();if(a=='Y'){loopBool=false;}break;}}}private void  listAllEmployees(){System.out.println("\n-------------------------------开发团队调度软件--------------------------------\n");Employee [] employees= listSvc.getAllEmployees();if (employees.length == 0) {System.out.println("没有客户记录！");} else {System.out.println("ID\t姓名\t\t年龄\t\t工资\t\t职位\t\t状态\t奖金\t股票\t领用设备");}for (Employee e:employees) {System.out.println(" "+e);}System.out.println("-------------------------------------------------------------------------------");}/***  getTeam():void* - addMember(): void* - deleteMember(): void* + main(args: String[]) : void*/private void getTeam(){System.out.println("\n--------------------团队成员列表---------------------\n");Programmer[]programmers=nameSvc.getTeam();if(programmers==null||programmers.length==0){System.out.println("开发团队还没有成员");}else {System.out.println("TID/ID\t姓名\t年龄\t工资\t职位\t奖金\t股票");}for (Programmer p:programmers) {System.out.println(" "+p.getDetailsForm());}System.out.println("-------------------------------------------------------------------------------");}private void addMember(){System.out.println("---------------------添加成员---------------------");System.out.print("请输入要添加的员工ID：");int id = TSUtility.readInt();Employee employee= null;try {employee = listSvc.getEmployee(id);nameSvc.addMember(employee);System.out.println("添加成功");//按回车继续TSUtility.readReturn();} catch (TeamException e) {System.out.println("添加失败，原因："+e.getMessage());}}private void deleteMember() {System.out.println("---------------------删除成员---------------------");System.out.println("请输入要删除员工的id");int id=TSUtility.readInt();System.out.println("确认要删除吗？（Y/N）");char c=TSUtility.readConfirmSelection();if(c=='N'){return;}try {nameSvc.removeMember(id);System.out.println("删除成功！");} catch (TeamException e) {System.out.println("删除失败，原因："+e.getMessage());}TSUtility.readReturn();}public static void main(String[] args) {TeamView view=new TeamView();view.enterMainMenu();}}

四.效果展示：