1、JSR-303数据校验简介
JSR是Java Specification Requests的缩写,意思是Java 规范提案
JSR-303 是JAVA EE 6 中的一项子规范,叫做Bean Validation
即,JSR 303,Bean Validation规范 ,为Bean验证定义了元数据模型和API.。默认的元数据模型是通过Annotations来描述的,但是也可以使用XML来重载或者扩展。
2、SR303数据校验使用步骤
1.引入依赖
<dependency><groupId>org.hibernate.validator</groupId><artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId></dependency>
2.实体类上加校验注解
@NotBlank
@NotEmpty
@NotNull
@Pattern
@Url
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotation.TableId;
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotation.TableName;import java.io.Serializable;import lombok.Data;
import org.hibernate.validator.constraints.URL;import javax.validation.constraints.NotEmpty;
import javax.validation.constraints.NotNull;
import javax.validation.constraints.Pattern;
import javax.validation.constraints.Positive;/*** 品牌* * @author liucan* @email liucan@gmail.com* @date 2022-08-27 14:23:15*/
@Data
@TableName("pms_brand")
public class BrandEntity implements Serializable {private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;/*** 品牌id*/@TableIdprivate Long brandId;/*** 品牌名*/@NotEmpty(message = "品牌名不能为空")private String name;/*** 品牌logo地址*/@NotEmpty(message = "logo不能为空")@URL(message = "logo必须是一个合法的url")private String logo;/*** 介绍*/private String descript;/*** 显示状态[0-不显示;1-显示]*/private Integer showStatus;/*** 检索首字母*/@NotEmpty@Pattern(regexp = "^[a-zA-Z]$",message = "检索首字母必须是一个字母")private String firstLetter;/*** 排序*/@NotNull@Positive(message = "排序必须为正整数")private Integer sort;}
3.在Controller中的方法形参前加上@Valid注解
/*** 保存*/@RequestMapping("/save")public R save(@RequestBody @Valid BrandEntity brand, BindingResult result){HashMap<String, String> map = new HashMap<>();if(result.hasErrors()){result.getFieldErrors().forEach((item)->{String field = item.getField();String message = item.getDefaultMessage();map.put(field,message);});return R.error(400,"提交的数据不合法").put("data",map);}else{brandService.save(brand);}return R.ok();}
在参数后接收BingingResult可获取到校验结果
4.测试
3、统一异常处理
1.在common中新建一个枚举用于存放我们异常类型
public enum BizCodeEnume {UNKNOW_EXCEPTION(10000,"系统未知异常"),VAILD_EXCEPTION(10001,"参数格式校验失败");private int code;private String msg;BizCodeEnume(int code,String msg){this.code = code;this.msg = msg;}public int getCode() {return code;}public String getMsg() {return msg;}
}
2.在exception下新建GulimallExceptionControllerAdvice用于集中处理异常
import com.liucan.common.exception.BizCodeEnume;
import com.liucan.common.utils.R;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.validation.BindingResult;
import org.springframework.web.bind.MethodArgumentNotValidException;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestControllerAdvice;import java.util.HashMap;/*** 集中处理异常*/
// 统一处理basePackages中的异常
@Slf4j
//@ResponseBody
//@ControllerAdvice(basePackages = "com.liucan.gulimall.product.controller")@RestControllerAdvice(basePackages = "com.liucan.gulimall.product.controller")
public class GulimallExceptionControllerAdvice {//标注方法可以处理的异常@ExceptionHandler(value = MethodArgumentNotValidException.class)public R handleVaildException(MethodArgumentNotValidException e){log.info("数据校验出现异常:{},异常类型:{}",e.getMessage(),e.getClass());BindingResult result = e.getBindingResult();HashMap<String, String> errMap = new HashMap<>();result.getFieldErrors().forEach((item)->{errMap.put(item.getField(),item.getDefaultMessage());});return R.error(BizCodeEnume.VAILD_EXCEPTION.getCode(),BizCodeEnume.VAILD_EXCEPTION.getMsg()).put("data",errMap);}@ExceptionHandler(value = Throwable.class)public R hanleException(Throwable throwable){return R.error(BizCodeEnume.UNKNOW_EXCEPTION.getCode(),BizCodeEnume.UNKNOW_EXCEPTION.getMsg());}
}
3.测试
4.分组校验
1.在校验注解中有个groups属性,里面存放一个接口数组,例如:
@NotNull(message = “修改时品牌id不能为空”,groups = {UpdateGroup.class,AddGroup.class})
package com.liucan.gulimall.product.entity;import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotation.TableId;
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotation.TableName;import java.io.Serializable;import com.liucan.common.valid.AddGroup;
import com.liucan.common.valid.UpdateGroup;
import lombok.Data;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Update;
import org.hibernate.validator.constraints.URL;import javax.validation.constraints.*;/*** 品牌* * @author liucan* @email liucan@gmail.com* @date 2022-08-27 14:23:15*/
@Data
@TableName("pms_brand")
public class BrandEntity implements Serializable {private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;/*** 品牌id*/@Null(message = "新增品牌时品牌id必须为空",groups = {AddGroup.class})@NotNull(message = "新增品牌时品牌id能为空",groups = {UpdateGroup.class})@TableIdprivate Long brandId;/*** 品牌名*/@NotNull(message = "品牌不能为空",groups = {UpdateGroup.class,AddGroup.class})@NotEmpty(message = "品牌名不能为空")private String name;/*** 品牌logo地址*/@NotEmpty(message = "logo不能为空",groups = {AddGroup.class})@URL(message = "logo必须是一个合法的url",groups = {UpdateGroup.class,AddGroup.class})private String logo;/*** 介绍*/private String descript;/*** 显示状态[0-不显示;1-显示]*/private Integer showStatus;/*** 检索首字母*/@NotEmpty(groups = {AddGroup.class})@Pattern(regexp = "^[a-zA-Z]$",message = "检索首字母必须是一个字母",groups = {UpdateGroup.class,AddGroup.class})private String firstLetter;/*** 排序*/@NotNull(groups = {AddGroup.class})@Positive(message = "排序必须为正整数",groups = {UpdateGroup.class,AddGroup.class})private Integer sort;}
其中的AddGroup与UpdateGroup是我们自定义的接口,无需实现,只作为分组
public interface AddGroup {
}public interface UpdateGroup {
}
2.在控制器Bean前添加注解@Validated({UpdateGroup.class}),用于指定我们要使用的分组
/*** 保存*/@RequestMapping("/save")public R save(@RequestBody @Validated({AddGroup.class}) BrandEntity brand/*, BindingResult result*/){brandService.save(brand);return R.ok();}/*** 修改*/@RequestMapping("/update")public R update(@RequestBody @Validated({UpdateGroup.class}) BrandEntity brand){brandService.updateById(brand);return R.ok();}
3.效果:
五.自定义校验器
例如我们校验某个字段是不是我们指定的值:
/*** 显示状态[0-不显示;1-显示]*/@ListValue(vals = {0,1}) // 只希望接收0或1private Integer showStatus;/**
1、编写自定义校验注解
-
新建自定义校验注解ListVaue
@Documented
@Constraint(validatedBy = { })
@Target({ METHOD, FIELD, ANNOTATION_TYPE, CONSTRUCTOR, PARAMETER, TYPE_USE })
@Retention(RUNTIME)
public @interface ListValue {// 此类的全限定类名String message() default "{com.XXX.common.valid.ListValue.message}";Class<?>[] groups() default { };Class<? extends Payload>[] payload() default { };int[] vals() default { };}
2、编写自定义校验器
-
新建自定义校验器ListValuaConstraintValidator,并实现ConstraintValidator
import javax.validation.ConstraintValidator;
import javax.validation.ConstraintValidatorContext;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;public class ListValuaConstraintValidator implements ConstraintValidator<ListValue,Integer>{private Set<Integer> set = new HashSet<>();//初始化方法@Overridepublic void initialize(ListValue constraintAnnotation) {int[] vals = constraintAnnotation.vals();if(vals.length != 0){for (int val : vals) {set.add(val);}}}/*** 判断是否校验成功* @param value 需要校验的值* @param constraintValidatorContext* @return*/@Overridepublic boolean isValid(Integer value, ConstraintValidatorContext constraintValidatorContext) {return set.contains(value);}
}
- 新建配置文件ValidationMessages.properties,定义我们自定义校验注解校验失败后的返回信息
com.xxx.common.valid.ListValue.message = 必须提交指定参数
3、关联自定义校验器和自定义校验注解
- 在刚刚编写好的自定义注解@ListVaue中关联我们自定义的检验器
import static java.lang.annotation.ElementType.*;
import static java.lang.annotation.ElementType.PARAMETER;
import static java.lang.annotation.ElementType.TYPE_USE;
import static java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME;@Documented
@Constraint(validatedBy = {ListValuaConstraintValidator.class /* 【可以指定多个不同的校验器,适配不同类型的校验】 */})
@Target({ METHOD, FIELD, ANNOTATION_TYPE, CONSTRUCTOR, PARAMETER, TYPE_USE })
@Retention(RUNTIME)
public @interface ListValue {// 此类的全限定类名String message() default "{com.xxx.common.valid.ListValue.message}";Class<?>[] groups() default { };Class<? extends Payload>[] payload() default { };int[] vals() default { };}