Android 系统下载 DownloadManager

news/2024/11/23 5:55:29/

 一、所需权限

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
<!--如果下载的文件是apk，下载完安装需要该权限-->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.REQUEST_INSTALL_PACKAGES"/>

二、简介

DownloadManager是Android提供的一个系统服务，通过这个服务，我们可以将下载文件的任务委托给系统进行，无需我们做太多的工作。

官网DownloadManager文档链接

 三、使用

1.创建

val request = DownloadManager.Request(Uri.parse(url))//设置允许使用的网络类型.setAllowedNetworkTypes(DownloadManager.Request.NETWORK_WIFI or DownloadManager.Request.NETWORK_MOBILE)//设置允许漫游.setAllowedOverRoaming(true)//设置文件格式.setMimeType(mimeType)//设置通知显示的时机// -下载中展示 VISIBILITY_VISIBLE(默认)// -下载中和完成时展示 VISIBILITY_VISIBLE_NOTIFY_COMPLETED// -下载完成时展示 VISIBILITY_VISIBLE_NOTIFY_ONLY_COMPLETION// -不展示 VISIBILITY_HIDDEN.setNotificationVisibility(DownloadManager.Request.VISIBILITY_VISIBLE)//设置通知的标题.setTitle(getFileName(url))//设置通知的描述信息.setDescription(LOADING_TEXT).also {//设置下载地址context.getExternalFilesDir(Environment.DIRECTORY_DOWNLOADS)?.mkdirs()it.setDestinationInExternalFilesDir(context,Environment.DIRECTORY_DOWNLOADS,getFileName(url))}
downloadId = downloadManager?.enqueue(request)!!

2.注册广播，监听下载状态

val intentFilter = IntentFilter()
intentFilter.addAction(DownloadManager.ACTION_DOWNLOAD_COMPLETE)
intentFilter.addAction(DownloadManager.ACTION_VIEW_DOWNLOADS)
intentFilter.addAction(DownloadManager.ACTION_NOTIFICATION_CLICKED)
val downLoadReceiver = DownLoadReceiver()
context.registerReceiver(downLoadReceiver, intentFilter)

下载完成时，发送的广播。
对应的Action为：ACTION_DOWNLOAD_COMPLETE
下载过程中Notification被点击时发送的广播。
对应的Action为：ACTION_NOTIFICATION_CLICKED
查看所有下载情况的广播。
对应的Action为：ACTION_VIEW_DOWNLOADS

3.完整代码

以apk下载为例，下载完成后自动安装

package com.mine.common.toolsimport android.Manifest
import android.app.DownloadManager
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver
import android.content.Context
import android.content.Intent
import android.content.IntentFilter
import android.net.Uri
import android.os.Build
import android.os.Environment
import android.provider.Settings
import androidx.activity.result.ActivityResultLauncher
import androidx.activity.result.contract.ActivityResultContracts
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity
import androidx.core.content.FileProvider
import androidx.lifecycle.DefaultLifecycleObserver
import androidx.lifecycle.LifecycleOwner
import androidx.lifecycle.lifecycleScope
import com.mine.common.BuildConfig
import java.io.File
import java.lang.ref.WeakReference
import java.net.URI
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap
import kotlin.collections.set/*** DownLoadManager*/
object LocalDownloadManager {private const val HTTP = "http"private const val HTTPS = "https"private const val LOADING_TEXT = "正在下载"private const val TEMP_TEXT = "temp"private const val NET_SEPARATOR = "/"private const val FILE_PROVIDER_AUTHORITIES = "com.min.frame.fileProvider"private const val APK_MIME_TYPE = "application/vnd.android.package-archive"private val runningTask: MutableMap<String, Long> = mutableMapOf()private val bindReceivers: ConcurrentHashMap<WeakReference<AppCompatActivity>, DownLoadReceiver> =ConcurrentHashMap()private var downloadId = 0Lprivate var downloadManager: DownloadManager? = nullprivate var installPermissionLauncher: ActivityResultLauncher<String>? = nullprivate var activityResultLauncher: ActivityResultLauncher<Intent>? = nullprivate var currentUri: Uri? = null/*** 初始化（需要在onResume之前调用）*/fun init(activity: AppCompatActivity, autoBindReceiver: Boolean = true) {activity.lifecycleScope.launchWhenCreated {if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.O) {installPermissionLauncher = activity.registerForActivityResult(ActivityResultContracts.RequestPermission()) {if (it) {goInstallAct(activity, currentUri)} else {with(Intent()) {this.data =Uri.parse("package:${activity.packageName}")if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.O) {this.action =Settings.ACTION_MANAGE_UNKNOWN_APP_SOURCES} else {this.action =Settings.ACTION_SECURITY_SETTINGS}activityResultLauncher?.launch(this)}}}activityResultLauncher =activity.registerForActivityResult(ActivityResultContracts.StartActivityForResult()) {if (activity.packageManager.canRequestPackageInstalls()) {goInstallAct(activity, currentUri)} else {//文件已下载 未授予未知来源应用安装权限printLog("文件已下载,未授予未知来源应用安装权限")}}}}autoBindReceiver.takeIf { it }?.also {bindDownloadReceiver(activity)activity.lifecycle.addObserver(object : DefaultLifecycleObserver {override fun onDestroy(owner: LifecycleOwner) {super.onDestroy(owner)unbindDownloadReceiver(activity)printLog("onDestroy - current state = ${activity.lifecycle.currentState.name}")}})}}fun downLoad(context: Context, url: String, mimeType: String = APK_MIME_TYPE) {currentUri = nulldownloadManager?: (context.getSystemService(Context.DOWNLOAD_SERVICE) as DownloadManager).also {downloadManager = it}val netUrl = Uri.parse(url)if (!netUrl.scheme.equals(HTTP, true) && !netUrl.scheme.equals(HTTPS, true)) {return}val request = DownloadManager.Request(Uri.parse(url))//设置允许使用的网络类型.setAllowedNetworkTypes(DownloadManager.Request.NETWORK_WIFI or DownloadManager.Request.NETWORK_MOBILE)//设置允许漫游.setAllowedOverRoaming(true)//设置文件格式.setMimeType(mimeType)//设置通知显示的时机// -下载中展示 VISIBILITY_VISIBLE(默认)// -下载中和完成时展示 VISIBILITY_VISIBLE_NOTIFY_COMPLETED// -下载完成时展示 VISIBILITY_VISIBLE_NOTIFY_ONLY_COMPLETION// -不展示 VISIBILITY_HIDDEN.setNotificationVisibility(DownloadManager.Request.VISIBILITY_VISIBLE)//设置通知的标题.setTitle(getFileName(url))//设置通知的描述信息.setDescription(LOADING_TEXT).also {//设置下载地址context.getExternalFilesDir(Environment.DIRECTORY_DOWNLOADS)?.mkdirs()it.setDestinationInExternalFilesDir(context,Environment.DIRECTORY_DOWNLOADS,getFileName(url))}downloadId = downloadManager?.enqueue(request)!!runningTask[url] = downloadId}fun bindDownloadReceiver(context: AppCompatActivity) {val intentFilter = IntentFilter()intentFilter.addAction(DownloadManager.ACTION_DOWNLOAD_COMPLETE)intentFilter.addAction(DownloadManager.ACTION_VIEW_DOWNLOADS)intentFilter.addAction(DownloadManager.ACTION_NOTIFICATION_CLICKED)val downLoadReceiver = DownLoadReceiver()context.registerReceiver(downLoadReceiver, intentFilter)bindReceivers[WeakReference(context)] = downLoadReceiver}fun unbindDownloadReceiver(context: Context) {for (entry in bindReceivers.entries) {entry.key.also {if (it.get() == context) {context.unregisterReceiver(entry.value)bindReceivers.remove(entry.key)return}}}}private fun getFileName(url: String): String {val start = url.lastIndexOf(NET_SEPARATOR)val end = url.lengthreturn if (start != -1 && start != end) {url.substring(start + 1, url.length)} else {TEMP_TEXT}}/*** 下载状态广播*/class DownLoadReceiver : BroadcastReceiver() {override fun onReceive(context: Context?, intent: Intent?) {checkDownloadStatus(context, intent)}}/*** 安装页面*/fun goInstallAct(context: Context, uri: Uri?) {if (uri == null) returnwith(Intent()) {this.action = Intent.ACTION_VIEWthis.setDataAndType(uri, APK_MIME_TYPE)this.flags = Intent.FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION orIntent.FLAG_GRANT_WRITE_URI_PERMISSION orIntent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASKcontext.startActivity(this)}}private fun checkDownloadStatus(context: Context?, intent: Intent?) {when (intent?.action) {DownloadManager.ACTION_DOWNLOAD_COMPLETE -> {printLog("ACTION_DOWNLOAD_COMPLETE")val downloadId = intent.getLongExtra(DownloadManager.EXTRA_DOWNLOAD_ID, 0)val query = DownloadManager.Query()query.setFilterById(downloadId) //筛选下载任务，传入任务ID，可变参数downloadManager?.query(query).also { cursor ->if (cursor?.moveToFirst() == true) {val index = cursor.getColumnIndex(DownloadManager.COLUMN_STATUS)if (index < 0 || context == null)returnwhen (cursor.getInt(index)) {DownloadManager.STATUS_PAUSED -> {printLog("下载暂停")}DownloadManager.STATUS_PENDING -> {printLog("下载延迟")}DownloadManager.STATUS_RUNNING -> printLog("正在下载")DownloadManager.STATUS_SUCCESSFUL -> {val mimeType =downloadManager?.getMimeTypeForDownloadedFile(downloadId)for (entry in runningTask) {if (downloadId == entry.value) {runningTask.remove(entry.key)}break}val localUrlIndex =cursor.getColumnIndex(DownloadManager.COLUMN_LOCAL_URI)val localUrl =if (localUrlIndex >= 0) cursor.getString(localUrlIndex) else nullif (mimeType == APK_MIME_TYPE) {localUrl?.also {val file = File(URI.create(localUrl))if (!file.exists()) returnval url = FileProvider.getUriForFile(context,FILE_PROVIDER_AUTHORITIES,file).also {currentUri = it}if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.O) {if (context.packageManager.canRequestPackageInstalls()) {goInstallAct(context, url)} else {installPermissionLauncher?.launch(Manifest.permission.REQUEST_INSTALL_PACKAGES)}} else {goInstallAct(context, url)}}}printLog("下载完成,文件 uri = $localUrl 文件类型 = $mimeType")}DownloadManager.STATUS_FAILED -> {for (entry in runningTask) {if (downloadId == entry.value) {runningTask.remove(entry.key)downloadManager?.remove(downloadId)}break}printLog("下载失败")}}}}}DownloadManager.ACTION_VIEW_DOWNLOADS -> {printLog("ACTION_VIEW_DOWNLOADS")}DownloadManager.ACTION_NOTIFICATION_CLICKED -> {printLog("ACTION_NOTIFICATION_CLICKED")}}}private fun printLog(msg: String) {if (BuildConfig.DEBUG) {android.util.Log.e(this@LocalDownloadManager::class.java.name, msg)}}
}

4.调用

初始化

override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)LocalDownloadManager.init(this)
}

启动下载任务


LocalDownloadManager.downLoad(this, "https://qd.shouji.qihucdn.com/nqapk/sjzs2_100000003_5f3fa999f0c1814618/221125/cf90dba7ce1833799ca369c2c5ca5b05/appstore-300100212.apk")


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