一、访问客户端集群方式
方式一: 使用cephadm shell交互式配置
[root@ceph141 ~]# cephadm shell # 注意，此命令会启动一个新的容器，运行玩后会退出！
Inferring fsid c153209c-d8a0-11ef-a0ed-bdb84668ed01
Inferring config /var/lib/ceph/c153209c-d8a0-11ef-a0ed-bdb84668ed01/mon.ceph141/config
Using ceph image with id '2bc0b0f4375d' and tag 'v18' created on 2024-07-24 06:19:35 +0800 CST
quay.io/ceph/ceph@sha256:6ac7f923aa1d23b43248ce0ddec7e1388855ee3d00813b52c3172b0b23b37906
root@ceph141:/# ceph -scluster:id: c153209c-d8a0-11ef-a0ed-bdb84668ed01health: HEALTH_WARNmon ceph141 is low on available spaceOSD count 0 < osd_pool_default_size 3services:mon: 1 daemons, quorum ceph141 (age 17h)mgr: ceph141.iphxbv(active, since 17h)osd: 0 osds: 0 up, 0 indata:pools: 0 pools, 0 pgsobjects: 0 objects, 0 Busage: 0 B used, 0 B / 0 B availpgs: root@ceph141:/# exit
exit方式二: 使用cephadm非交互式配置，依旧会启动容器，运行玩后会退出！
[root@ceph141 ~]# cephadm shell -- ceph -s
Inferring fsid c153209c-d8a0-11ef-a0ed-bdb84668ed01
Inferring config /var/lib/ceph/c153209c-d8a0-11ef-a0ed-bdb84668ed01/mon.ceph141/config
Using ceph image with id '2bc0b0f4375d' and tag 'v18' created on 2024-07-24 06:19:35 +0800 CST
quay.io/ceph/ceph@sha256:6ac7f923aa1d23b43248ce0ddec7e1388855ee3d00813b52c3172b0b23b37906cluster:id: c153209c-d8a0-11ef-a0ed-bdb84668ed01health: HEALTH_WARNmon ceph141 is low on available spaceOSD count 0 < osd_pool_default_size 3services:mon: 1 daemons, quorum ceph141 (age 17h)mgr: ceph141.iphxbv(active, since 17h)osd: 0 osds: 0 up, 0 indata:pools: 0 pools, 0 pgsobjects: 0 objects, 0 Busage: 0 B used, 0 B / 0 B availpgs:方式三: 安装ceph通用包，其中包含所有ceph命令，包括ceph、rbd、mount.ceph（用于挂载CephFS文件系统）等【推荐使用】
[root@ceph141 ~]# cephadm add-repo --release reef # 配置本地的apt源
[root@ceph141 ~]# cephadm install ceph-common # 此步骤，相当于apt -y install ceph-common
Installing packages ['ceph-common']...
[root@ceph141 ~]# ceph -s cluster:id: c153209c-d8a0-11ef-a0ed-bdb84668ed01health: HEALTH_WARNmon ceph141 is low on available spaceOSD count 0 < osd_pool_default_size 3services:mon: 1 daemons, quorum ceph141 (age 17h)mgr: ceph141.iphxbv(active, since 17h)osd: 0 osds: 0 up, 0 indata:pools: 0 pools, 0 pgsobjects: 0 objects, 0 Busage: 0 B used, 0 B / 0 B availpgs:基于命令行的方式修改ceph的dashboard的密码
修改admin的密码为1
[root@ceph141 ~]# echo 1 | ceph dashboard set-login-credentials admin -i -
******************************************************************
*** WARNING: this command is deprecated. ***
*** Please use the ac-user-* related commands to manage users. ***
******************************************************************
Username and password updated二、ceph集群添加或移除主机
1.查看现有的集群主机列表
[root@ceph141 ~]# ceph orch host ls
HOST ADDR LABELS STATUS
ceph141 10.0.0.141 _admin
1 hosts in cluster2.拷贝密钥到其他服务器上
[root@ceph141 ~]# ssh-copy-id -f -i /etc/ceph/ceph.pub ceph142
[root@ceph141 ~]# ssh-copy-id -f -i /etc/ceph/ceph.pub ceph1433.将密钥节点加入集群
[root@ceph141 ~]# ceph orch host add ceph142 10.0.0.142
Added host 'ceph142' with addr '10.0.0.142'[root@ceph141 ~]# ceph orch host add ceph143 10.0.0.143
Added host 'ceph143' with addr '10.0.0.143'4.再次查看主机列表
[root@ceph141 ~]# ceph orch host ls
HOST ADDR LABELS STATUS
ceph141 10.0.0.141 _admin
ceph142 10.0.0.142
ceph143 10.0.0.143
3 hosts in cluster当然，也可以通过查看WebUI观察ceph集群有多少个主机。
5.移除主机【选做，如果你将来真有这个需求在操作】
[root@ceph141 ~]# ceph orch host rm ceph143
Removed host 'ceph143'
[root@ceph141 ~]#
[root@ceph141 ~]# ceph orch host ls
HOST ADDR LABELS STATUS
ceph141 10.0.0.141 _admin
ceph142 10.0.0.142
2 hosts in cluster三、添加OSD设备到ceph集群
1.添加OSD之前环境查看
查看集群可用的设备【每个设备想要加入到集群，则其大小不得小于5GB】
如果一个设备想要加入ceph集群，要求满足2个条件:
1.设备未被使用;
2.设备的存储大小必须大于5GB;
[root@ceph141 ~]# ceph orch device ls
HOST PATH TYPE DEVICE ID SIZE AVAILABLE REFRESHED REJECT REASONS
ceph141 /dev/sdc hdd 200G Yes 10m ago
ceph141 /dev/sr0 hdd VMware_Virtual_SATA_CDRW_Drive_01000000000000000001 2006M No 10m ago Has a FileSystem, Insufficient space (<5GB)
ceph142 /dev/sdb hdd 100G Yes 4m ago
ceph142 /dev/sdc hdd 200G Yes 4m ago
ceph142 /dev/sr0 hdd VMware_Virtual_SATA_CDRW_Drive_01000000000000000001 2006M No 4m ago Has a FileSystem, Insufficient space (<5GB)
ceph143 /dev/sdb hdd 100G Yes 3m ago
ceph143 /dev/sdc hdd 200G Yes 3m ago
ceph143 /dev/sr0 hdd VMware_Virtual_SATA_CDRW_Drive_01000000000000000001 2006M No 3m ago Has a FileSystem, Insufficient space (<5GB) 查看各节点的空闲设备信息
[root@ceph141 ~]# lsblk
....
sdb 8:16 0 200G 0 disk
sdc 8:32 0 100G 0 disk
....[root@ceph142 ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
...
sdb 8:16 0 200G 0 disk
sdc 8:32 0 100G 0 disk
...[root@ceph143 ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
...
sdb 8:16 0 200G 0 disk
sdc 8:32 0 100G 0 disk查看OSD列表
[root@ceph141 ~]# ceph osd tree
ID CLASS WEIGHT TYPE NAME STATUS REWEIGHT PRI-AFF
-1 0 root default 添加OSD设备到集群
此步骤会在"/var/lib/ceph/<Ceph_Cluster_ID>/osd.<OSD_ID>/fsid"文件中记录对应ceph的OSD编号对应本地的磁盘设备标识。
[root@ceph141 ~]# ceph orch daemon add osd ceph141:/dev/sdb
Created osd(s) 0 on host 'ceph141'
[root@ceph141 ~]# ceph orch daemon add osd ceph141:/dev/sdc
Created osd(s) 1 on host 'ceph141'
[root@ceph141 ~]# ceph orch daemon add osd ceph142:/dev/sdb
Created osd(s) 2 on host 'ceph142'
[root@ceph141 ~]# ceph orch daemon add osd ceph142:/dev/sdc
Created osd(s) 3 on host 'ceph142'
[root@ceph141 ~]# ceph orch daemon add osd ceph143:/dev/sdb
Created osd(s) 4 on host 'ceph143'查看ceph节点的硬盘和OSD的对应关系
[root@ceph141 ~]# ll -d /var/lib/ceph/*/osd.*
drwx------ 2 167 167 4096 Jan 23 11:19 /var/lib/ceph/c153209c-d8a0-11ef-a0ed-bdb84668ed01/osd.0/
drwx------ 2 167 167 4096 Jan 23 11:19 /var/lib/ceph/c153209c-d8a0-11ef-a0ed-bdb84668ed01/osd.1/[root@ceph141 ~]# cat /var/lib/ceph/*/osd.*/fsid
1eb45f98-6058-42f2-a5bf-b034e008ac9b
96e33e3d-0acc-43f5-bcee-204feb1582c7[root@ceph142 ~]# ll -d /var/lib/ceph/*/osd.*
drwx------ 2 167 167 4096 Jan 23 11:21 /var/lib/ceph/c153209c-d8a0-11ef-a0ed-bdb84668ed01/osd.2/
drwx------ 2 167 167 4096 Jan 23 11:21 /var/lib/ceph/c153209c-d8a0-11ef-a0ed-bdb84668ed01/osd.3/[root@ceph142 ~]# cat /var/lib/ceph/*/osd.*/fsid
3957c37c-c2fe-4783-984e-93c1184b74a3
b8d5b119-c3e3-4e4e-aab5-85bea49ae3ef[root@ceph143 ~]# ll -d /var/lib/ceph/*/osd.*
drwx------ 2 167 167 4096 Jan 23 11:22 /var/lib/ceph/c153209c-d8a0-11ef-a0ed-bdb84668ed01/osd.4/
drwx------ 2 167 167 4096 Jan 23 11:27 /var/lib/ceph/c153209c-d8a0-11ef-a0ed-bdb84668ed01/osd.5/[root@ceph143 ~]# cat /var/lib/ceph/*/osd.*/fsid
e73be677-e55e-4b54-b007-a0ed5ba07316
2732dd29-342e-4290-ba2b-1b56924339ec不难发现，ceph底层是基于lvm技术磁盘的。
查看集群的osd总容量大小
[root@ceph141 ~]# ceph osd tree
ID CLASS WEIGHT TYPE NAME STATUS REWEIGHT PRI-AFF
-1 0.87895 root default
-3 0.29298 host ceph141 0 hdd 0.19530 osd.0 up 1.00000 1.000001 hdd 0.09769 osd.1 up 1.00000 1.00000
-5 0.29298 host ceph142 2 hdd 0.09769 osd.2 up 1.00000 1.000003 hdd 0.19530 osd.3 up 1.00000 1.00000
-7 0.29298 host ceph143 4 hdd 0.09769 osd.4 up 1.00000 1.000005 hdd 0.19530 osd.5 up 1.00000 1.00000查看集群大小
[root@ceph141 ~]# ceph -scluster:id: c153209c-d8a0-11ef-a0ed-bdb84668ed01health: HEALTH_WARNmon ceph141 is low on available spaceservices:mon: 3 daemons, quorum ceph141,ceph142,ceph143 (age 26m)mgr: ceph141.iphxbv(active, since 26m), standbys: ceph142.mxilbzosd: 6 osds: 6 up (since 13m), 6 in (since 13m)data:pools: 1 pools, 1 pgsobjects: 2 objects, 449 KiBusage: 161 MiB used, 900 GiB / 900 GiB avail #这里是集群总大小pgs: 1 active+clean
dashbord查看
ceph集群基于chrony进行同步时间
存在的问题
[root@ceph141 ~]# ceph -scluster:id: c153209c-d8a0-11ef-a0ed-bdb84668ed01health: HEALTH_WARNclock skew detected on mon.ceph142services:mon: 3 daemons, quorum ceph141,ceph142,ceph143 (age 8m)mgr: ceph141.iphxbv(active, since 8m), standbys: ceph142.mxilbzosd: 6 osds: 6 up (since 8m), 6 in (since 112m)data:pools: 1 pools, 1 pgsobjects: 2 objects, 449 KiBusage: 575 MiB used, 899 GiB / 900 GiB availpgs: 1 active+clean所有节点安装服务
apt -y install chrony ceph141修改配置
vim /etc/chrony/chrony.conf
...
#pool ntp.ubuntu.com iburst maxsources 4
#pool 0.ubuntu.pool.ntp.org iburst maxsources 1
#pool 1.ubuntu.pool.ntp.org iburst maxsources 1
#pool 2.ubuntu.pool.ntp.org iburst maxsources 2
pool ntp.aliyun.com iburst maxsources 4修改配置
systemctl restart chronyd查看配置是否生效
[root@ceph142 ~]# chronyc activity -v
200 OK
1 sources online
0 sources offline
0 sources doing burst (return to online)
0 sources doing burst (return to offline)
7 sources with unknown address再次查看集群
[root@ceph141 ~]# ceph -scluster:id: c153209c-d8a0-11ef-a0ed-bdb84668ed01health: HEALTH_OKservices:mon: 3 daemons, quorum ceph141,ceph142,ceph143 (age 8m)mgr: ceph141.iphxbv(active, since 8m), standbys: ceph142.mxilbzosd: 6 osds: 6 up (since 8m), 6 in (since 112m)data:pools: 1 pools, 1 pgsobjects: 2 objects, 449 KiBusage: 575 MiB used, 899 GiB / 900 GiB availpgs: 1 active+clean四、ceph的管理节点配置
拷贝apt源及认证文件
[root@ceph141 ~]# scp /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ceph.list ceph142:/etc/apt/sources.list.d/
[root@ceph141 ~]# scp /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/ceph.release.gpg ceph142:/etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/客户端更新源并安装客户端节点ceph客户端软件包
[root@ceph142 ~]# ll /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/ceph.release.gpg
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1143 Aug 21 16:35 /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/ceph.release.gpg
[root@ceph142 ~]#
[root@ceph142 ~]# ll /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ceph.list
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 54 Aug 21 16:33 /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ceph.list
[root@ceph142 ~]#
[root@ceph142 ~]# apt update
[root@ceph142 ~]#
[root@ceph142 ~]# apt -y install ceph-common
[root@ceph142 ~]#
[root@ceph142 ~]# ceph -v
ceph version 18.2.4 (e7ad5345525c7aa95470c26863873b581076945d) reef (stable)
[root@ceph142 ~]#
[root@ceph142 ~]# ll /etc/ceph/
total 12
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Aug 21 16:37 ./
drwxr-xr-x 101 root root 4096 Aug 21 16:37 ../
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 92 Jul 12 23:42 rbdmap
[root@ceph142 ~]#
[root@ceph142 ~]# ceph -s # 很明显，此节点的ceph管理ceph集群
Error initializing cluster client: ObjectNotFound('RADOS object not found (error calling conf_read_file)')[root@ceph141 ~]# scp /etc/ceph/ceph.{conf,client.admin.keyring} ceph142:/etc/ceph/ceph142节点测试
[root@ceph142 ~]# ll /etc/ceph/
total 20
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Aug 21 16:40 ./
drwxr-xr-x 101 root root 4096 Aug 21 16:37 ../
-rw------- 1 root root 151 Aug 21 16:40 ceph.client.admin.keyring
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 259 Aug 21 16:40 ceph.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 92 Jul 12 23:42 rbdmap[root@ceph142 ~]# ceph -scluster:id: c153209c-d8a0-11ef-a0ed-bdb84668ed01health: HEALTH_OKservices:mon: 3 daemons, quorum ceph141,ceph142,ceph143 (age 21m)mgr: ceph141.iphxbv(active, since 21m), standbys: ceph142.mxilbzosd: 6 osds: 6 up (since 21m), 6 in (since 2h)data:pools: 1 pools, 1 pgsobjects: 2 objects, 449 KiBusage: 575 MiB used, 899 GiB / 900 GiB availpgs: 1 active+clean五、标签管理
一般情况下，管理节点，我们都会为节点打上对应的标签，以便于日后工作交接
添加标签
[root@ceph141 ~]# ceph orch host label add ceph142 _admin
Added label _admin to host ceph142
[root@ceph141 ~]# ceph orch host label add ceph143 _admin
Added label _admin to host ceph143
[root@ceph141 ~]# ceph orch host label add ceph143 cherry
Added label cherry to host ceph143
移除标签
[root@ceph141 ~]# ceph orch host label rm ceph143 cherry
Removed label oldboyedu from host ceph143
[root@ceph141 ~]# ceph orch host label rm ceph143 _admin
Host ceph143 does not have label 'admin'. Please use 'ceph orch host ls' to list all the labels.
[root@ceph141 ~]# ceph orch host label rm ceph143 _admin
Removed label _admin from host ceph143
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