IOS网络协议HTTP

1、网络层基础知识

1.1、HTTP

协议	层级	连接性	可靠性	应用场景
TCP	传输层	面向连接	高	文件传输、网页浏览
UDP	传输层	无连接	低	实时通信、流媒体
HTTP	应用层	基于TCP	由TCP保证	网页浏览、API通信

HTTP通过过程

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④⑤ 是应用层通信，①②③⑥⑦⑧⑨是运输层通信
①②③是三次握手建立通信，⑥⑦是断开Client->Server的通信，⑧⑨是断开Server->Client的通信

HTTP报文格式

https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/direct/dfe84045d5d344618e405c3296988fb8.png" width="507" />

1.2、HTTPS

属性	HTTP	HTTPS
安全性	明文传输，容易被窃听和篡改	数据加密，提供机密性和完整性
端口	80	443
加密协议	无	使用SSL/TLS加密
身份验证	无	提供数字证书，验证服务器身份
性能	快	慢
使用场景	低敏数据传输，普通网页流岚	高敏数据传输，登录、支付页面

SSL 是早期的安全通信协议，已被逐步淘汰
TLS 是 SSL 的改进版，提供更高的安全性和性能

HTTP与HTTPS的区别

https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/direct/39c4f88f9d6a4c7e942ea68bdd41081e.png" width="378" />

SSL通信建立过程

https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/direct/925d343edd4b4e7ab76d53d6bb5b9298.png" width="576" />

客户端验证服务端证书有两点内容：

验证服务端证书的数字摘要和服务端证书解密之后的内容是否一致
验证证书链的根证书（一般保存在浏览器或操作系统中）是否在可信任证书列表中

2、代码示例

https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/direct/786ebda057dc4b16b7599a4b423f6da5.png" width="256" />

ViewController.h

#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>@interface ViewController : UIViewController@end

ViewController.m

#import "ViewController.h"@interface ViewController ()//手机号输入框
@property(nonatomic, strong) UITextField *etPhone;
//搜索按钮
@property(nonatomic, strong) UIButton *btnSearch;
//结果展示
@property(nonatomic, strong) UITextView *tvResult;@end@implementation ViewController- (void)viewDidLoad {[super viewDidLoad];self.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor whiteColor];[self initUI];
}-(void)initUI{//手机号输入框self.etPhone = [[UITextField alloc]init];self.etPhone.borderStyle = UITextBorderStyleRoundedRect;self.etPhone.placeholder = @"请输入手机号";self.etPhone.keyboardType = UIKeyboardTypeNumberPad;self.etPhone.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = NO;[self.view addSubview:self.etPhone];//搜索按钮self.btnSearch = [UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeSystem];self.btnSearch.backgroundColor = [UIColor redColor];[self.btnSearch setTitle:@"查询归属地" forState:UIControlStateNormal];self.btnSearch.titleLabel.font = [UIFont boldSystemFontOfSize:24];[self.btnSearch setTitleColor:[UIColor whiteColor] forState:UIControlStateNormal];self.btnSearch.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = NO;[self.btnSearch addTarget:self action:@selector(searchPhoneNumber) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];[self.view addSubview:self.btnSearch];//结果展示self.tvResult = [[UITextView alloc]init];self.tvResult.backgroundColor = [UIColor whiteColor];self.tvResult.layer.borderColor = [UIColor grayColor].CGColor;self.tvResult.layer.borderWidth = 1.0;self.tvResult.layer.cornerRadius = 6.0;[self.tvResult setTextColor:[UIColor blackColor]];self.tvResult.scrollEnabled = YES;self.tvResult.font = [UIFont systemFontOfSize:24];self.tvResult.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = NO;[self.view addSubview:self.tvResult];//设置布局-约束布局[NSLayoutConstraint activateConstraints:@[//手机号输入框[self.etPhone.topAnchor constraintEqualToAnchor:self.view.safeAreaLayoutGuide.topAnchor constant:20],[self.etPhone.leadingAnchor constraintEqualToAnchor:self.view.leadingAnchor constant:20],[self.etPhone.trailingAnchor constraintEqualToAnchor:self.view.trailingAnchor constant:-20],[self.etPhone.heightAnchor constraintEqualToConstant:40],//搜索按钮[self.btnSearch.topAnchor constraintEqualToAnchor:self.etPhone.bottomAnchor constant:30],[self.btnSearch.leadingAnchor constraintEqualToAnchor:self.etPhone.leadingAnchor constant:20],[self.btnSearch.trailingAnchor constraintEqualToAnchor:self.etPhone.trailingAnchor constant:-20],[self.btnSearch.heightAnchor constraintEqualToConstant:40],//结果展示文本[self.tvResult.topAnchor constraintEqualToAnchor:self.btnSearch.bottomAnchor constant:30],[self.tvResult.leadingAnchor constraintEqualToAnchor:self.etPhone.leadingAnchor],[self.tvResult.trailingAnchor constraintEqualToAnchor:self.etPhone.trailingAnchor],[self.tvResult.bottomAnchor constraintEqualToAnchor:self.view.safeAreaLayoutGuide.bottomAnchor constant:-20]]];}//搜索手机号
-(void)searchPhoneNumber{NSString *phoneNumber = self.etPhone.text;if (phoneNumber == nil || phoneNumber.length < 1) {self.tvResult.text = @"手机号不可为空";return;}NSString *urlStr = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"https://cx.shouji.360.cn/phonearea.php?number=%@", phoneNumber];NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:urlStr];NSURLSessionDataTask *dataTask = [[NSURLSession sharedSession]dataTaskWithURL:url completionHandler:^(NSData * _Nullable data, NSURLResponse * _Nullable response, NSError * _Nullable error) {if(error){//请求失败dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{self.tvResult.text = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"请求失败: %@", error.localizedDescription];});return;}NSError *jsonError;NSDictionary *responseDict = [NSJSONSerialization JSONObjectWithData:data options:0 error:&jsonError];if (jsonError) {//json解析异常dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{self.tvResult.text = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"参数解析失败：%@", jsonError.localizedDescription];});return;}NSDictionary *dataDict = responseDict[@"data"];if (dataDict) {NSString *provice = dataDict[@"province"]?:@"未知";NSString *city = dataDict[@"city"]?:@"未知";NSString *sp = dataDict[@"sp"]?:@"未知";NSString *result = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"归属地：%@  %@\n运营商：%@", provice, city, sp];dispatch_sync(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{self.tvResult.text = result;});}else{dispatch_sync(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{self.tvResult.text = @"未查询到结果";});}}];[dataTask resume];
}@end