#Django1.5自定义User模型
Django1.5自定义用户profile可谓简单很多,编写自己的model类MyUser,MyUser至少要满足如下要求:
- 必须有一个整型的主键
- 有一个唯一性约束字段,比如username或者email,用来做用户认证
- 提供一种方法以“short”和“long"的形式显示user,换种说法就是要实现
get_full_name和get_short_name方法。
###一:在project中创建一个account app
django-admin startapp account
###二:自定义MyUser
实现自定义User模型最简单的方式就是继承AbstractBaseUser,AbstractBaseUser实现了User的核心功能,你只需对一些额外的细节进行实现就可以了。可以看看AbstractBaseUser的源码:
@python_2_unicode_compatible
class AbstractBaseUser(models.Model):password = models.CharField(_('password'), max_length=128)last_login = models.DateTimeField(_('last login'), default=timezone.now)is_active = TrueREQUIRED_FIELDS = []class Meta:abstract = Truedef get_username(self):"Return the identifying username for this User"return getattr(self, self.USERNAME_FIELD)def __str__(self):return self.get_username()def natural_key(self):return (self.get_username(),)def is_anonymous(self):"""Always returns False. This is a way of comparing User objects toanonymous users."""return Falsedef is_authenticated(self):"""Always return True. This is a way to tell if the user has beenauthenticated in templates."""return Truedef set_password(self, raw_password):self.password = make_password(raw_password)def check_password(self, raw_password):"""Returns a boolean of whether the raw_password was correct. Handleshashing formats behind the scenes."""def setter(raw_password):self.set_password(raw_password)self.save(update_fields=["password"])return check_password(raw_password, self.password, setter)def set_unusable_password(self):# Sets a value that will never be a valid hashself.password = make_password(None)def has_usable_password(self):return is_password_usable(self.password)def get_full_name(self):raise NotImplementedError()def get_short_name(self):raise NotImplementedError()
AbstractBaseUser只有get_full_name和get_short_name方法没有实现了。接下来我们就通过继承AbstractBaseUser来自定义User模型叫MyUser:
class MyUser(AbstractBaseUser, PermissionsMixin):username = models.CharField('username', max_length=30, unique=True,db_index=True)email = models.EmailField('email address',max_length=254, unique=True)date_of_birth = models.DateField('date of birth', blank=True, null=True)USERNAME_FIELD = 'email'REQUIRED_FIELDS = ['username']is_staff = models.BooleanField('staff status', default=False,help_text='Designates whether the user can log into this admin ''site.')is_active = models.BooleanField('active', default=True,help_text='Designates whether this user should be treated as ''active. Unselect this instead of deleting accounts.')def get_full_name(self):full_name = '%s %s' % (self.first_name, self.last_name)return full_name.strip()def get_short_name(self):return self.first_nameobjects = MyUserManager()
- USERNAME_FIELD :作为用户登录认证用的字段,可以usename,或者email等,但必须是唯一的。
- REQUIRED_FIELDS :使用createsuperuser命令创建超级用户时提示操作者输入的字段
- is_staff :判断用户是否可以登录管理后台
- is_active :判断用户是否可以正常登录
###三:自定义MyUserManager
同时要为MyUser自定义个一个manager,通过继承BaseUserManager,提供creat_user和create_superuser方法。
class MyUserManager(BaseUserManager):def create_user(self, username, email=None, password=None, **extra_fields):now = timezone.now()if not email:raise ValueError('The given email must be set')email = UserManager.normalize_email(email)user = self.model(username=username, email=email,is_staff=False, is_active=True, is_superuser=False,last_login=now, **extra_fields)user.set_password(password)user.save(using=self._db)return userdef create_superuser(self, username, email, password, **extra_fields):u = self.create_user(username, email, password, **extra_fields)u.is_staff = Trueu.is_active = Trueu.is_superuser = Trueu.save(using=self._db)return u
###四:指定AUTH_USER_MODEL
覆盖默认的AUTH_USER_MODEL,在settings.py文件中增加:
AUTH_USER_MODEL = 'user.MyUser'
###五:注册MyUser
在account模块下创建admin.py,添加如下代码把MyUser模型注册到admin中:
from django.contrib import admin
from user.models import MyUser
admin.site.register(MyUser)
总结:实现自定义的User模型在Django1.5足够简单方便,根据自己需求继承AbstractBaseUser就可以了。当然如果你想了解更多关于Django 自定义用户模型相关内容,官方文档告诉你更多更好的完好
###使用Django admin模块,必须:
- 添加
django.contrib.admin
到INSTALLED_APPS
中 - admin依赖的app包括:
django.contrib.auth
,django.contrib.contenttypes
,django.contrib.messages
和django.contrib.sessions
- 添加
django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messsags
到TEMPLATE_CONTEXT_PROCESSORS
- 添加
django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticateionMiddleware
和django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware
,到MIDDLEWARE_CLASS
###ModelAdmin.actions
自定义action函数和普通函数没啥区别,需要是三个参数:当前的 ModelAdmin,当前的HttpRequest,用户说选中的QuerySet
def make_publiced(modleadmin,request,queryset):queryset.update(public=False)
直接调用queryset的update比逐个迭代entity更高效。默认action的下拉列表显示的名字就是函数名make_publiced
,但是你可以起一个更优雅的名字:
make_publiced.short_description = u"标记为公开"
最后一步就是告诉modelaction
actions = ['make_publiced']
以上就是你需要做的全部
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/ref/contrib/admin/actions/
如果你有什么建议和问题欢迎留言。